Hierarchical assembly of cell-matrix adhesion complexes.

abstract：:The process of information exchange between two homologous DNA duplexes is known as homologous recombination (HR) or double-strand break repair (DSBR), depending on the context. HR is the fundamental process underlying the genome shuffling that expands genetic diversity (for example during meiosis in eukaryotes). DSBR...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： White MF

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptide-bond formation is the enzymatic activity of the ribosome. The catalytic site is made up of ribosomal RNA, indicating that the ribosome is a ribozyme. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the mechanism of peptide bond formation. The results of biochemical and kinetic experiments, mutagene...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rodnina MV,Beringer M,Bieling P

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) is an hnRNP (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein) protein whose role in cellular processes has come to the forefront of neurodegeneration research after the observation that it is the main component of brain inclusions in ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and FTLD (frontotempo...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Baralle M,Buratti E,Baralle FE

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malaria during pregnancy is caused when parasite-infected erythrocytes accumulate within the placenta through interactions between the VAR2CSA protein on the infected erythrocyte surface and placental CSPGs (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans). This interaction is the major target for therapeutics to treat or prevent p...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Khunrae P,Higgins MK

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) is a member of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) family that regulates a range of biological processes implicated in tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative disorders. For example, genetic studies have demonstrated that the removal of specific Jnk genes can reduce neuronal death ass...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Davies C,Tournier C

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:SOEs (sulfite-oxidizing enzymes) are physiologically vital and occur in all forms of life. During the catalytic cycle, the five-co-ordinate square pyramidal oxo-molybdenum active site passes through the Mo(V) state, and intimate details of the structure can be obtained from variable frequency pulsed EPR spectroscopy t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Enemark JH,Astashkin AV,Raitsimring AM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Photoreaction centres are Nature's solar batteries. These nanometre-scale power producers are responsible for transducing the energy of sunlight into a form that can be used by biological systems, thereby powering most of the biological activity on the planet. Although to the layman the word 'photosynthesis' is usuall...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jones MR

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intellectual disability (ID) affects at least 1% of the population, and typically presents in the first few years of life. ID is characterized by impairments in cognition and adaptive behavior and is often accompanied by further delays in language and motor skills, as seen in many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). R...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Weil D,Piton A,Lessel D,Standart N

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a cellular energy sensor that monitors the ratio of AMP/ATP, and possibly also ADP/ATP, inside cells. Once activated by falling cellular energy levels, it acts to restore energy homoeostasis by switching on catabolic pathways that generate ATP, while switching off anabolic pathwa...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gowans GJ,Hardie DG

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glyoxalase- and methylglyoxal-related research has required the development of quantitative and reliable techniques for the measurement of methylglyoxal-derived glycation adducts of protein and DNA. There are also other glycation adducts, oxidation adducts and nitration adducts of proteins and oxidation adducts of DNA...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rabbani N,Shaheen F,Anwar A,Masania J,Thornalley PJ

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are becoming an increasingly powerful model organism to study the role of metabolism in disease. Since its inception, the zebrafish model has relied on unique attributes such as the transparency of embryos, high fecundity and conservation with higher vertebrates, to perform phenotype-driven che...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Salmi TM,Tan VWT,Cox AG

更新日期：2019-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:African trypanosomes have plastic genomes with extensive variability at the chromosome ends. The genes encoding the expressed major surface protein of the infective bloodstream form stages of Trypanosoma brucei and are located at telomeres. These telomeric expression-site transcription units are turning out to be surp...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rudenko G

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alkalithermophiles are an exciting subset of extremophilic organisms and represent extremophiles that are adapted to two extreme conditions, i.e. to a combination of alkaline and thermobiotic growth conditions. Among the anaerobic alkalithermophiles are representatives of both Bacteria and Archaea within a wide variet...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wiegel J,Kevbrin VV

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The olfactory system is unique in that the sensory input is in the form of molecular information carried in a vast variety of odorants. Nearly 1000 types of odorant receptors mediate the initial detection and discrimination of odorants at the molecular-feature level. The discrimination at the molecular level is conver...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mori K

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4+ effector T cells effectuate T cell immune responses, producing cytokines to orchestrate the nature and type of immune responses. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase IL-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK), a mediator of T cell Receptor signaling, plays a critical role in tuning the development of these effector cells. In...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Elmore JP,McGee MC,Nidetz NF,Anannya O,Huang W,August A

更新日期：2020-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Bloom's syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by genomic instability and cancer predisposition. The underlying genetic defect is mutation of the BLM gene, producing deficiency in the RecQ helicase BLM (Bloom's syndrome protein). The present article begins by introducing BLM and its binding...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Payne M,Hickson ID

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:FtsK is a multifunctional protein, which, in Escherichia coli, co-ordinates the essential functions of cell division, DNA unlinking and chromosome segregation. Its C-terminus is a DNA translocase, the fastest yet characterized, which acts as a septum-localized DNA pump. FtsK's C-terminus also interacts with the XerCD ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Grainge I

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of the effects of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) are mediated by the stimulation of the NO-sensitive GC (guanylate cyclase) and the subsequent increase in cGMP formation. The enzyme contains a prosthetic haem group, which mediates NO stimulation. In addition to the physiological activator NO, NO-sensit...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Koesling D,Mullershausen F,Lange A,Friebe A,Mergia E,Wagner C,Russwurm M

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:VEGFs (vascular endothelial growth factors) are master regulators of vascular development and of blood and lymphatic vessel function during health and disease in adults. This family of five mammalian ligands acts through three RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases). In addition, co-receptors such as NRPs (neuropilins) assoc...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Koch S

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocytosis of transmembrane receptors largely occurs via clathrin-coated vesicles that bud from the plasma membrane and deliver their cargo to the endosomal system for recycling or degradation. PIs (phosphoinositides) control the timing and localization of endocytic membrane trafficking by recruiting adaptors and oth...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Haucke V

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In T cell development, a pivotal decision-making stage, termed β-selection, integrates a TCRβ checkpoint to coordinate survival, proliferation and differentiation to an αβ T cell. Here, we review how transcriptional regulation coordinates fate determination in early T cell development to enable β-selection. Errors in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chann AS,Russell SM

更新日期：2019-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) with predicted molecular mass of 56.9. kDa (BnDGAT1) was examined using microspore-derived cell suspension cultures of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv Jet Neuf). As well, a recombinant histidine-tagged N-terminal fragment of BnDGAT1 [BnDGAT1((1-11...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Weselake RJ,Nykiforuk CL,Laroche A,Patterson NA,Wiehler WB,Szarka SJ,Moloney MM,Tari LW,Derekh U

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Beta galactosidases (BGALs) are glycosyl hydrolases that remove terminal β-D-galactosyl residues from β-D-galactosides. There are 17 predicted BGAL genes in the genomes of both Arabidopsis (BGAL1-17) and tomato (TBG1-17). All tested BGALs have BGAL activity but their distinct expression profiles and ancient phylogenet...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chandrasekar B,van der Hoorn RA

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:JAK (Janus kinase) 2 plays a critical role in signal transduction through several cytokine receptors. JAKs contain a typical tyrosine kinase domain preceded by a pseudokinase [JH2 (JAK homology 2)] domain which has been considered to be catalytically inactive. Identification of activating mutations in the JH2 domain o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Silvennoinen O,Ungureanu D,Niranjan Y,Hammaren H,Bandaranayake R,Hubbard SR

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is found in all living organisms. The known polyP functions in eukaryotes range from osmoregulation and virulence in parasitic protozoa to modulating blood coagulation, inflammation, bone mineralization and cellular signalling in mammals. However mechanisms of regulation and even the id...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gerasimaitė R,Mayer A

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological diversity in marine OMZs (oxygen minimum zones) is dominated by a complex community of bacteria and archaea whose anaerobic metabolisms mediate key steps in global nitrogen and carbon cycles. Molecular and physiological studies now confirm that OMZs also support diverse micro-organisms capable of utilizing ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Stewart FJ

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many microalgae are known to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAGs), especially under nitrate starvation. Generally, these TAGs are predominantly constructed of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, the TAGs of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum are rich in arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 omega6) and eic...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cohen Z,Khozin-Goldberg I,Adlerstein D,Bigogno C

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seeds of rape (Brassica napus L.) were germinated at various NaCl concentrations up to 200 mM. Germinating levels, seedling growth, triacylglycerol mobilization and lipase activity were investigated. High salt concentrations resulted in retardation of seed germination. Seedling growth as measured by radicle length was...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ben Miled DD,Zarrouk M,Chérif A

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The giant cytoskeletal kinases of the titin-like family are emerging as key mediators of stretch-sensing in muscle. It is thought that their elastic conformational deformation during muscle function regulates both their catalysis and the recruitment of regulatory proteins to signalosomes that assemble in their vicinit...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mayans O,Benian GM,Simkovic F,Rigden DJ

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order for cells to divide in a proficient manner, they must first double their biomass, which is considered to be the main rate-limiting phase of cell proliferation. Cell growth requires an abundance of energy and biosynthetic precursors such as lipids and amino acids. Consequently, the energy and nutrient status o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dunlop EA,Tee AR

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00