Insulin and cognitive function in humans: experimental data and therapeutic considerations.

abstract：:The n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, is a precursor of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and related compounds that have important roles as mediators and regulators of inflammation. Consuming increased amounts of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (found in oily fish and fish oils) results in a par...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Calder PC

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The avascular nature of the human intervertebral disc is thought to reduce the ability of resident disc cells to maintain their extracellular matrix, rendering the tissue susceptible to degeneration. It has also been suggested that the lack of a blood supply may result in disc cell death via nutrient deprivation. Ther...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Johnson WE,Roberts S

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The continuous battle for survival in the environment has led to the development or acquisition of sophisticated defence systems in bacteria. These defence systems have contributed to the survival of the bacterial species in the environment for millions of years. Some systems appear to have evolved in a number of path...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Louwen R,van Baarlen P

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For a disease such as cancer, where a number of alterations to normal cell function accumulate over time, there are several opportunities to inhibit, slow down or even reverse the process. Many of the changes which drive the disease process occur in cell-signalling pathways that regulate proliferation and apoptosis. A...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Manson MM,Holloway KA,Howells LM,Hudson EA,Plummer SM,Squires MS,Prigent SA

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spliceosome is a macromolecular machine that carries out the excision of introns from eukaryotic pre-mRNAs and splicing together of exons. Four large RNA-protein complexes, called the U1, U2, U4/U6 and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs), and some non-snRNP proteins assemble around three short co...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Nagai K,Muto Y,Pomeranz Krummel DA,Kambach C,Ignjatovic T,Walke S,Kuglstatter A

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review focuses on recent insights into the mechanisms and the biological functions of the proteasome. This large ATP-dependent proteolytic complex is the main site for protein degradation in mammalian cells and catalyses the rapid degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, and is the source of most antigenic peptides...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Goldberg AL

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Actin polymerization is harnessed by cells to generate lamellipodia for movement and by a subclass of pathogens to facilitate invasion of their infected hosts. Using electron tomography (ET), we have shown that lamellipodia are formed via the generation of subsets of actin filaments joined by branch junctions. Image a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Small JV

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ribosome is the macromolecular machinery in the host cell for which all viruses have to compete. Early in infection, the viral mRNAs have to compete with the host for both the ribosomes and for the limited pool of eukaryotic initiation factors that are needed to facilitate the recruitment of ribosomes to both vira...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sarnow P,Cevallos RC,Jan E

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas spontaneous point mutation operates on nucleotides individually, sexual recombination manipulates the set of nucleotides within an allele as an essentially particulate unit. In principle, these two different scales of variation enable selection to follow fitness gradients in two different spaces: in nucleotide...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Watson RA,Weinreich DM,Wakeley J

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is strong evidence for an important role for increased COX (cyclo-oxygenase)-2 expression and PG (prostaglandin) E2 production in colorectal tumorigenesis. PGE(2) acts through four E-prostanoid receptors (EP1-4). COX-2 has therefore become a target for the potential chemoprevention and therapy of colorectal canc...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chell S,Patsos HA,Qualtrough D,H-Zadeh AM,Hicks DJ,Kaidi A,Witherden IR,Williams AC,Paraskeva C

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular membranes communicate extensively via contact sites that form between two membranes. Such sites allow exchange of specific ions, lipids or proteins between two compartments without content mixing, thereby preserving organellar architecture during the transfer process. Even though the molecular compositions of...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Raiborg C,Wenzel EM,Pedersen NM,Stenmark H

更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Mass spectrometry (MS) provides an impressive array of information about the structure, function and interactions of proteins. In recent years, many new developments have been in the field of native MS and these exemplify a new coming of age of this field. In this mini review, we connect the latest methodological and ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Allison TM,Bechara C

更新日期：2019-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA methylation at the fifth position of cytosine is a major epigenetic mark conserved in plants and mammals. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are dynamically controlled by integrated activities of establishment, maintenance, and removal. In both plants and mammals, a pattern of global DNA hypomethylation coupled ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Zhang H,Zhang K,Zhu JK

更新日期：2019-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We have been analysing the signalling systems that couple to receptors of the TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) family, which signal through a common cytoplasm region; the TIR domain. These systems are of both practical and fundamental biological significance, being central to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dower SK,Qwarnstrom EE

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding the nuclear intermediate filaments the A-type lamins, result in a wide variety of diseases known as laminopathies. Some of them, such as familial partial lipodystrophy of Dunnigan and metabolic laminopathies, are characterized by lipodystrophic syndromes with altered fat distributi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bidault G,Vatier C,Capeau J,Vigouroux C,Béréziat V

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The revolution of genomics and growth of systems biology urged the creation of synthetic biology, an engineering discipline aiming at recreating and reprogramming cellular functions for industrial needs. There has been a huge effort in synthetic biology to develop versatile and programmable genetic regulators that wou...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Apura P,Domingues S,Viegas SC,Arraiano CM

更新日期：2019-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:As an ion channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein occupies a unique niche within the ABC family. Orthologues of CFTR are extant throughout the animal kingdom from sharks to platypods to sheep, where the osmoregulatory function of the protein has been applied to differing lifesty...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pollock NL,Rimington TL,Ford RC

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inosine residues may be introduced into long dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) molecules by the action of a family of editing enzymes, ADARs (adenosine deaminases that act on RNA). Furthermore, hyperediting of dsRNA by ADARs may result in up to 50% of adenosine residues being converted into inosine. While the effect of hype...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Scadden AD

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The steroid hormone progesterone regulates many critical aspects of vertebrate physiology. The nuclear receptor for progesterone functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor, directly regulating gene expression. This type of signalling is referred to as the 'genomic' pathway. Nevertheless, progesterone also st...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Moussatche P,Lyons TJ

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:VEGFs (vascular endothelial growth factors) are master regulators of vascular development and of blood and lymphatic vessel function during health and disease in adults. This family of five mammalian ligands acts through three RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases). In addition, co-receptors such as NRPs (neuropilins) assoc...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Koch S

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The GABAR [GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid type A) receptor], which mediates most inhibition in the brain, is regulated homoeostatically to maintain an optimal level of neuronal excitability. In particular, the alpha(4)betadelta subtype of the GABAR plays a pivotal role in this regulation. This receptor, which is exp...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Shen H,Smith SS

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inability of the human heart to effectively repair itself after acute ischaemic injury has driven the search for efficacious means of promoting cardiac regenerative growth. Central to this has been the emergence of cell-based strategies to stimulate and augment both myocardial regeneration and neovascularization. ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Riley PR,Smart N

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance-exercise training results in a progressive increase in muscle mass and force production. Following an acute bout of resistance exercise, the rate of protein synthesis increases proportionally with the increase in protein degradation, correlating at 3 h in the starved state. Amino acids taken immediately bef...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mackenzie MG,Hamilton DL,Murray JT,Baar K

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The binding sites of the oestrogen receptors alpha and beta have a structural requirement for ligands with two oxygen atoms (one of which is phenolic) spaced 11-12 A apart. They are open to many non-steroidal compounds, such as those from plants and the chemical industry. The importance of this interaction is the subj...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Barnes S

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The FG (female gametophyte) of flowering plants (angiosperms) is a simple highly polar structure composed of only a few cell types. The FG develops from a single cell through mitotic divisions to generate, depending on the species, four to 16 nuclei in a syncytium. These nuclei are then partitioned into three or four ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lituiev DS,Grossniklaus U

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Blood vessel formation during vertebrate development relies on a process called angiogenesis and is essential for organ growth and tissue viability. In addition, angiogenesis leads to pathological blood vessel growth in diseases with tissue ischaemia, such as neovascular eye disease and cancer. Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lampropoulou A,Ruhrberg C

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polarized transport of the plant hormone auxin influences multiple growth processes in plants and is regulated by plasma-membrane-localized efflux and uptake carriers. The PGP (P-glycoprotein) ABC transporters (ATP-binding-cassette transporters), PIN (pin-formed) subfamily of major facilitator proteins and members of ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bandyopadhyay A,Blakeslee JJ,Lee OR,Mravec J,Sauer M,Titapiwatanakun B,Makam SN,Bouchard R,Geisler M,Martinoia E,Friml J,Peer WA,Murphy AS

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Photosynthesis is fundamental to biomass production, but is a dynamic process sensitive to environmental constraints. In recent years, approaches to increase biomass and grain yield by altering photosynthetically related processes in the plant have received considerable attention. However, improving biomass yield requ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Heyneke E,Fernie AR

更新日期：2018-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The availability of entire genome sequences and the wealth of literature on gene regulation have enabled researchers to model an organism's transcriptional regulation system in the form of a network. In such a network, TFs (transcription factors) and TGs (target genes) are represented as nodes and regulatory interacti...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Babu MM

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:c-Type cytochromes are characterized by covalent attachment of haem to protein through thioether bonds between the vinyl groups of the haem and the thiols of a Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys-His motif. Proteins of this type play crucial roles in the biochemistry of the nitrogen cycle. Many Gram-negative bacteria use the Ccm (cytochr...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Allen JW,Ferguson SJ

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00