Characterizing diverse orthologues of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein for structural studies.

abstract：:Single-molecule fluorescence methods, particularly single-molecule FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer), have provided novel insights into the structure, interactions and dynamics of biological systems. ALEX (alternating-laser excitation) spectroscopy is a new method that extends single-molecule FRET by provi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Santoso Y,Hwang LC,Le Reste L,Kapanidis AN

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Colicins are protein antibiotics produced by Escherichia coli to kill closely related non-identical competing species. They have taken advantage of the promiscuity of several proteins in the cell envelope for entry into the bacterial cell. The Tol-Pal system comprises one such ensemble of periplasmic and membrane-asso...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Penfold CN,Li C,Zhang Y,Vankemmelbeke M,James R

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RAMPs (receptor activity-modifying proteins) are single-pass transmembrane proteins that associate with certain family-B GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors). Specifically for the CT (calcitonin) receptor-like receptor and the CT receptor, this results in profound changes in ligand binding and receptor pharmacology, al...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Conner AC,Simms J,Hay DL,Mahmoud K,Howitt SG,Wheatley M,Poyner DR

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In plant and metazoan, Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins play key roles in regulating developmental processes by repression of gene expression. PcG proteins function as multi-protein complexes; among them the best characterized ones are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2. PRC2 catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 tri...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wang Q,Shen WH

更新日期：2018-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Activated tyrosine kinase receptors acquire ubiquitin tags. Ubiquitination governs receptor down-regulation through interaction with components of the endosomal ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery that shepherds receptors into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies en route to the l...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Urbé S,McCullough J,Row P,Prior IA,Welchman R,Clague MJ

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA methylation at the fifth position of cytosine is a major epigenetic mark conserved in plants and mammals. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are dynamically controlled by integrated activities of establishment, maintenance, and removal. In both plants and mammals, a pattern of global DNA hypomethylation coupled ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Zhang H,Zhang K,Zhu JK

更新日期：2019-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Allostery is a biological phenomenon of critical importance in metabolic regulation and cell signalling. The fundamental premise of classical models that describe allostery is that structure mediates 'action at a distance'. Recently, this paradigm has been challenged by the enrichment of IDPs (intrinsically disordered...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Motlagh HN,Li J,Thompson EB,Hilser VJ

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas spontaneous point mutation operates on nucleotides individually, sexual recombination manipulates the set of nucleotides within an allele as an essentially particulate unit. In principle, these two different scales of variation enable selection to follow fitness gradients in two different spaces: in nucleotide...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Watson RA,Weinreich DM,Wakeley J

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unr (upstream of N-ras) is a eukaryotic RNA-binding protein that has a number of roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Originally identified as an activator of internal initiation of picornavirus translation, it has since been shown to act as an activator and inhibitor of cellular translatio...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ray S,Catnaigh PÓ,Anderson EC

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling pathways contribute to the regulation of diverse responses, including normal and pathological aspects of cell growth, division, differentiation and death. Their ubiquity and versatility raise the issue of how they achieve specific coupling of signal with cellular resp...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bardwell L

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is strong evidence for an important role for increased COX (cyclo-oxygenase)-2 expression and PG (prostaglandin) E2 production in colorectal tumorigenesis. PGE(2) acts through four E-prostanoid receptors (EP1-4). COX-2 has therefore become a target for the potential chemoprevention and therapy of colorectal canc...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chell S,Patsos HA,Qualtrough D,H-Zadeh AM,Hicks DJ,Kaidi A,Witherden IR,Williams AC,Paraskeva C

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate), has been with us for nearly 20 years and yet we still cannot fully agree on the identity of its target Ca2+-release channel. In spite of some recent robust challenges to the idea that two-pore channels (TPCs) represent the elu...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Morgan AJ,Davis LC,Ruas M,Galione A

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mucus plays a vital role in protecting the lungs from environmental factors, but conversely, in muco-obstructive airway disease, mucus becomes pathologic. In its protective role, mucus entraps microbes and particles removing them from the lungs via the co-ordinated beating of motile cilia. This mechanism of lung defen...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ridley C,Thornton DJ

更新日期：2018-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:NMDARs (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) are considered to be a target for the inhibitory actions of ethanol. While profound inhibition of both native and recombinant NMDARs can be observed following the application of high concentrations of ethanol the levels of inhibition seen with lower concentrations of ethanol are...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Otton HJ,Janssen A,Wyllie DJ

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The process of information exchange between two homologous DNA duplexes is known as homologous recombination (HR) or double-strand break repair (DSBR), depending on the context. HR is the fundamental process underlying the genome shuffling that expands genetic diversity (for example during meiosis in eukaryotes). DSBR...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： White MF

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has long been reported that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is capable of synthesizing the α-glucan glycogen. However, what makes this bacterium stand out is that it coats itself in a capsule that mainly consists of a glycogen-like α-glucan. This polymer helps the pathogen evade immune responses. In 2010, the biosynthes...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bornemann S

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In fluctuating environmental conditions, organisms must modulate their bioenergetic production in order to maintain cellular homeostasis for optimal fitness. Mitochondria are hubs for metabolite and energy generation. Mitochondria are also highly dynamic in their function: modulating their composition, size, density, ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Tsuboi T,Leff J,Zid BM

更新日期：2020-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Biophysical techniques developed during the last three decades have provided an increasingly detailed description of the internal processes associated with ligand capture and release by haem proteins. Myoglobin has long been the paradigm for these studies. More recently, cytochrome P450cam (the camphor-metabolizing cy...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lavalette D,Tétreau C,Mouawad L

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pantothenate (vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the synthesis of CoA and ACP (acyl-carrier protein, cofactors in energy yielding reactions including carbohydrate metabolism and fatty acid synthesis. Pantothenate is synthesized de novo by plants and micro-organisms; however, animals obtain the vitami...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Coxon KM,Chakauya E,Ottenhof HH,Whitney HM,Blundell TL,Abell C,Smith AG

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The oxidoreductase Trx-1 (thioredoxin 1) is highly conserved and found intra- and extra-cellularly in mammalian systems. There is increasing interest in its capacity to regulate immune function based on observations of altered distribution and expression during ageing and disease. We have investigated previously wheth...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Griffiths HR,Bennett SJ,Olofsson P,Dunston CR

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of complexes between growth factor receptors and members of a family of G-protein-coupled receptors whose natural ligands are S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) and LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) represents a new signalling entity. This receptor complex allows for integrated signalling in response to growth fact...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pyne NJ,Waters C,Moughal NA,Sambi BS,Pyne S

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the roles of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10)/PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) signalling pathway in vivo, we have generated a series of mutant mice with null or tissue-specific gene-targeted deletions of Pten. Here we present our investigations of Pten function in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Suzuki A,Sasaki T,Mak TW,Nakano T

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally taken as an established fact that mitochondrial respiration is associated with the generation of small amounts of ROS (reactive oxygen species). There are many arguments supporting this side activity. A major argument is the particular physico-chemical configuration of dioxygen, which prevents the tran...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Nohl H,Kozlov AV,Gille L,Staniek K

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IAPP has been postulated to have a role as a modulating factor in glucose homoeostasis and to be involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes. However, the normal physiological functions of the peptide remain obscure: exogenous IAPP acts on many experimental systems to modulate nutrient supply and metabolism but there ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Clark A,Charge SB,Badman MK,MacArthur DA,de Koning EJ

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified three groups of growth-constraint genes using mosaic genetic screens in Drosophila melanogaster, including PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes, Tsc1 and Tsc2. Our studies show that all three groups of genes participate in m...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Potter CJ,Pedraza LG,Huang H,Xu T

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial disorders are a group of genetic diseases affecting the energy-converting process of oxidative phosphorylation. The extreme variability of symptoms, organ involvement, and clinical course represent a challenge to the development of effective therapeutic interventions. However, new possibilities have rece...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Viscomi C

更新日期：2016-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein ubiquitination and protein phosphorylation are two fundamental regulatory post-translational modifications controlling intracellular signalling events. However, the ubiquitin system is vastly more complex compared with phosphorylation. This is due to the ability of ubiquitin to form polymers, i.e. ubiquitin ch...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Komander D

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seeds of rape (Brassica napus L.) were germinated at various NaCl concentrations up to 200 mM. Germinating levels, seedling growth, triacylglycerol mobilization and lipase activity were investigated. High salt concentrations resulted in retardation of seed germination. Seedling growth as measured by radicle length was...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ben Miled DD,Zarrouk M,Chérif A

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling pathway functions as a nutrient sensor, both in individual cells and, more globally, in organs such as the fat body in Drosophila and the hypothalamus in the rat. The activity of placental amino acid transporters is decreased in IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction)...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Roos S,Powell TL,Jansson T

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on those enzymes and electron-transfer proteins involved in the catabolism of 'C1' substrates in methylotrophic bacteria have provided a wealth of information concerning the transfer of electrons and hydrogen by quantum tunnelling mechanisms. With regard to H-transfer, studies with MADH have provided the first...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Scrutton NS

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00