The Escherichia coli cytochrome c maturation (Ccm) apparatus can mature cytochromes with an extra cysteine within or adjacent to the CXXCH motif.

abstract：:Senescence is a tumour suppressor mechanism which is cell-intrinsically activated in the context of cellular stress. Senescence can further be propagated to neighbouring cells, a process called secondary senescence induction. Secondary senescence was initially shown as a paracrine response to the secretion of cytokine...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kirschner K,Rattanavirotkul N,Quince MF,Chandra T

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Quinone oxidoreductases are a class of membrane enzymes that catalyse the oxidation or reduction of membrane-bound quinols/quinones. The conversion of quinone/quinol by these enzymes is difficult to study because of the hydrophobic nature of the enzymes and their substrates. We describe some biochemical properties of ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Weiss SA,Jeuken LJ

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation or inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress have often been associated, and thiol antioxidants, particularly glutathione, have often been seen as possible anti-inflammatory mediators. However, whereas several cytokine inhibitors have been approved for drug use in chronic inflammatory diseases, this has...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Coppo L,Ghezzi P

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptide-bond formation is the enzymatic activity of the ribosome. The catalytic site is made up of ribosomal RNA, indicating that the ribosome is a ribozyme. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the mechanism of peptide bond formation. The results of biochemical and kinetic experiments, mutagene...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rodnina MV,Beringer M,Bieling P

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delineating the molecular pathways underlying seizure-induced neuronal death may yield novel strategies for brain protection against prolonged or repetitive seizures. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and necrosis is a primary contributing mechanism but seizures also activate programmed (apoptotic) cell death pathways...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Henshall DC

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HD (Huntington's disease) is caused by a polyQ (polyglutamine) expansion in the huntingtin protein, which leads to protein misfolding and aggregation of this protein. Abnormal copper accumulation in the HD brain was first reported more than 15 years ago. Recent findings show that copper-regulatory genes are induced du...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hands SL,Mason R,Sajjad MU,Giorgini F,Wyttenbach A

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In T cell development, a pivotal decision-making stage, termed β-selection, integrates a TCRβ checkpoint to coordinate survival, proliferation and differentiation to an αβ T cell. Here, we review how transcriptional regulation coordinates fate determination in early T cell development to enable β-selection. Errors in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chann AS,Russell SM

更新日期：2019-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:BK (large conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium) channels are important determinants of physiological control in the nervous, endocrine and vascular systems with channel dysfunction associated with major disorders ranging from epilepsy to hypertension and obesity. Thus the mechanisms that control channe...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Shipston MJ

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal protein aggregation and intracellular or extracellular accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins are key events in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress and impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system probably contribute to neurodegenerat...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Haapasalo A,Viswanathan J,Bertram L,Soininen H,Tanzi RE,Hiltunen M

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The canonical structural motif for co-ordination of non-haem ferrous iron in metal-dependent oxygenases is a facial triad of two histidine residues and one aspartate or glutamate residue. This so-called 2-His-1-carboxylate metallocentre is often accommodated in a double-stranded beta-helix fold with the iron-co-ordina...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Leitgeb S,Nidetzky B

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Loss of barrier function in the vasculature promotes inflammatory signalling which in turn contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease. cAMP can protect against endothelial dysfunction through the effectors PKA (protein kinase A) and Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP). The present review o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Parnell E,Yarwood SJ

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolution of proteins is inseparably linked to their function. Because most biological processes involve a number of different proteins, it may become impossible to study the evolutionary properties of proteins in isolation. In the present article, we show how simple mechanistic models of biological processes can ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Huvet M,Toni T,Tan H,Jovanovic G,Engl C,Buck M,Stumpf MP

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 'fusion peptides' of a group of enveloped viruses that includes influenza, paramyxo-, retro-and filo-viruses are N-terminal regions of their membrane fusion proteins generated by cleavage of non-functional precursors. For the influenza membrane fusion protein, haemagglutinin (HA), the three-dimensional structures ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Skehel JJ,Cross K,Steinhauer D,Wiley DC

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ets family of eukaryotic transcription factors is based around the conserved Ets DNA-binding domain. Although their DNA-binding selectivity is biochemically and structurally well characterized, structures of homodimeric and ternary complexes point to Ets domains functioning as versatile protein-interaction modules...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cooper CD,Newman JA,Gileadi O

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal venoms are recognised as unique biological systems in which to study molecular evolution. Venom use has evolved numerous times among the insects, and insects today use venom to capture prey, defend themselves from predators, or to subdue and modulate host responses during parasitism. However, little is known ab...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Walker AA

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular bioenergetics deals with the construction, function and regulation of the powerhouses of life. The present overview sketches scenes and actors, farsighted goals and daring hypotheses, meticulous tool-making, painstaking benchwork, lucky discovery, serious scepticism, emphatic believing and strong characters ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Junge W

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much work has gone into understanding the physical basis of the enormous catalytic power of enzymes over the last 50 years or so. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanism used by Nature's catalysts to speed chemical transformations remains elusive. DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) has served as a paradigm to study the relat...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Allemann RK,Evans RM,Loveridge EJ

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In fluctuating environmental conditions, organisms must modulate their bioenergetic production in order to maintain cellular homeostasis for optimal fitness. Mitochondria are hubs for metabolite and energy generation. Mitochondria are also highly dynamic in their function: modulating their composition, size, density, ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Tsuboi T,Leff J,Zid BM

更新日期：2020-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Human adipose tissue has an important protein secretory function. Cytokines, hormones, prohormones and enzymes are secreted from fat cells and act in an endocrine or paracrine fashion. The production of several of these proteins is affected by obesity; normally there is an increase in the obese state. Protein producti...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Arner P

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glyoxals are reactive alpha-oxoaldehydes that are formed endogenously from sugars, the levels of which are increased in various pathological conditions associated with hyperglycaemia and thiamine deficiency. However, the molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of glyoxal are not known. Results presented here and in the other s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Shangari N,Bruce WR,Poon R,O'Brien PJ

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapid interphase chromosome territory repositioning appears to function through the action of nuclear myosin and actin, in a nuclear motor complex. We have found that chromosome repositioning when cells leave the cell cycle is not apparent in cells that have mutant lamin A or that are lacking emerin. We discuss the po...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mehta IS,Elcock LS,Amira M,Kill IR,Bridger JM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To maintain genomic stability, despite constant exposure to agents that damage DNA, eukaryotic cells have developed elaborate and highly conserved pathways of DNA damage sensing, signalling and repair. In this review, we concentrate mainly on what we know about DNA damage sensing with particular reference to Lcd1p, a ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bradbury JM,Jackson SP

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although heat-shock (cell stress) proteins are commonly considered as being intracellular molecular chaperones that undertake a number of cytoprotective and cellular housekeeping functions, there is now a wealth of evidence to indicate that these proteins can be released by cells via active processes. Many molecular c...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pockley AG,Henderson B,Multhoff G

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tyrosine kinases are signaling molecules that are common to all metazoans and are involved in the regulation of many cellular processes such as proliferation and survival. While most attention has been devoted to tyrosine kinases signaling at the plasma membrane and the cytosol, very little attention has been dedicate...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Farhan H

更新日期：2020-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic experiments have indicated that succinoglycan (EPS I), the acidic Calcofluor-binding exopolysaccharide, of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhizobium meliloti strain Rm1021 is required for nodule invasion and possibly for later events in nodule development on alfalfa and other hosts. Fourteen exo loci on the seco...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Reuber TL,Reed J,Glazebrook J,Glucksmann MA,Ahmann D,Marra A,Walker GC

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Similar changes in glycosylation occur in the colonic epithelium in inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and also in colon cancer and precancerous adenomatous polyps. They include reduced length of O-glycans, reduced sulfation, increased sialylation and increased expression of oncofet...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rhodes JM,Campbell BJ,Yu LG

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peroxisomes are arguably the most biochemically versatile of all eukaryotic organelles. Their metabolic functions vary between different organisms, between different tissue types of the same organism and even between different developmental stages or in response to changed environmental conditions. New functions for p...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Baker A,Carrier DJ,Schaedler T,Waterham HR,van Roermund CW,Theodoulou FL

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas we have a profound understanding about the function and biogenesis of the protein constituents in the lumen of the lysosomal compartment, much less is known about the functions of proteins of the lysosomal membrane. Proteomic analyses of the lysosomal membrane suggest that, apart from the well-known lysosomal ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Saftig P,Schröder B,Blanz J

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose 6-phosphate is an intermediate of pathways of glucose utilization and production as well as a regulator of enzyme activity and gene expression. Studies on the latter functions are in part based on measurement of the glucose 6-phosphate content in a whole-cell extract. Several studies have suggested that there ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Agius L,Centelles J,Cascante M

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The olfactory system is unique in that the sensory input is in the form of molecular information carried in a vast variety of odorants. Nearly 1000 types of odorant receptors mediate the initial detection and discrimination of odorants at the molecular-feature level. The discrimination at the molecular level is conver...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mori K

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00