The complex matter of DNA double-strand break detection.

Abstract:

:To maintain genomic stability, despite constant exposure to agents that damage DNA, eukaryotic cells have developed elaborate and highly conserved pathways of DNA damage sensing, signalling and repair. In this review, we concentrate mainly on what we know about DNA damage sensing with particular reference to Lcd1p, a yeast protein that functions early in DNA damage signalling, and MDC1 (mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1), a recently identified human protein that may be involved in recruiting the MRE11 complex to radiation-induced nuclear foci. We describe a model for the DNA damage response in which factors are recruited sequentially to sites of DNA damage to form complexes that can amplify the original signal and propagate it to the multitude of response pathways necessary for genome stability.

journal_name

Biochem Soc Trans

authors

Bradbury JM,Jackson SP

doi

10.1042/bst0310040

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2003-02-01 00:00:00

pages

40-4

issue

Pt 1

eissn

0300-5127

issn

1470-8752

journal_volume

31

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Phenotypic variation of mutations in the human lipoprotein-lipase gene.

    abstract::We have described a large number of different mutations in the LPL gene that result in completely catalytically defective LPL protein. More recently exonic polymorphisms in the LPL gene have been described that do not result in the catalytic activity of LPL being significantly impaired. Furthermore we have recently de...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0210506

    authors: Hayden MR,Kastelein JJ,Funke H,Brunzell JD,Ma Y

    更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00

  • Emerging evidence of signalling roles for PI(3,4)P2 in Class I and II PI3K-regulated pathways.

    abstract::There are eight members of the phosphoinositide family of phospholipids in eukaryotes; PI, PI3P, PI4P, PI5P, PI(4,5)P2, PI(3,4)P2, PI(3,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3. Receptor activation of Class I PI3Ks stimulates the phosphorylation of PI(4,5)P2 to form PI(3,4,5)P3. PI(3,4,5)P3 is an important messenger molecule that is part...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20150248

    authors: Hawkins PT,Stephens LR

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • Developing chemokine mutants with improved proteoglycan affinity and knocked-out GPCR activity as anti-inflammatory recombinant drugs.

    abstract::The interaction of chemokines and GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) on endothelial surfaces is a crucial step for establishing a chemotactic gradient which leads to the functional presentation of chemokines to their GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) and thus to activation of approaching leucocytes. Based on molecular modell...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0340435

    authors: Potzinger H,Geretti E,Brandner B,Wabitsch V,Piccinini AM,Rek A,Kungl AJ

    更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00

  • Like mother, like microbe: human milk oligosaccharide mediated microbiome symbiosis.

    abstract::Starting shortly after parturition, and continuing throughout our lifetime, the gut microbiota coevolves with our metabolic and neurological programming. This symbiosis is regulated by a complex interplay between the host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Not surprisingly, the development of thi...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST20191144

    authors: Chambers SA,Townsend SD

    更新日期:2020-06-29 00:00:00

  • Keratin genes, epidermal differentiation and animal models for the study of human skin diseases.

    abstract::The examples shown here illustrate the power of gene targeting to the epidermis as a means of developing animal models for the study of human skin diseases. In this short review, I have focused on contributions which stem predominantly from my own laboratory [31, 32, 34, 37, 47]. However, other laboratories have also ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0191112

    authors: Fuchs E

    更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00

  • Novel structural determinants of single-channel conductance in nicotinic acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 receptors.

    abstract::Nicotinic ACh (acetylcholine) and 5-HT3 (5-hydroxytryptamine type-3) receptors are cation-selective ion channels of the Cys-loop transmitter-gated ion channel superfamily. Numerous lines of evidence indicate that the channel lining domain of such receptors is formed by the alpha-helical M2 domain (second transmembrane...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST0340882

    authors: Peters JA,Carland JE,Cooper MA,Livesey MR,Deeb TZ,Hales TG,Lambert JJ

    更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • Computational discovery and modeling of novel gene expression rules encoded in the mRNA.

    abstract::The transcript is populated with numerous overlapping codes that regulate all steps of gene expression. Deciphering these codes is very challenging due to the large number of variables involved, the non-modular nature of the codes, biases and limitations in current experimental approaches, our limited knowledge in gen...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST20191048

    authors: Bahiri-Elitzur S,Tuller T

    更新日期:2020-08-28 00:00:00

  • A progress report on the crystallographic studies on the B800-850 antenna complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050.

    abstract::Large single crystals (up to 1 mm in each dimension) of the B800-850 antenna complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050 have been grown in the presence of beta-octyl-glucoside. These crystals have the space group R32 and unit cell dimensions of a = b = 119.9 A and c = 297.0 A. Recently we have improved our ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/bst0210039

    authors: Cogdell RJ,Halloren E,Hawthornthwaite AM,Thunnissen MM,Freer AA,McDermott G,Guthrie N,Isaacs N,Lindsay JG,Papiz M

    更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00

  • An additional glucose dehydrogenase from Sulfolobus solfataricus: fine-tuning of sugar degradation?

    abstract::Within the SulfoSYS (Sulfolobus Systems Biology) project, the effect of temperature on a metabolic network is investigated at the systems level. Sulfolobus solfataricus utilizes an unusual branched ED (Entner-Doudoroff) pathway for sugar degradation that is promiscuous for glucose and galactose. In the course of metab...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST0390077

    authors: Haferkamp P,Kutschki S,Treichel J,Hemeda H,Sewczyk K,Hoffmann D,Zaparty M,Siebers B

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Polyphosphate and acidocalcisomes.

    abstract::Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) accumulates in acidocalcisomes, acidic calcium stores that have been found from bacteria to human cells. Proton pumps, such as the vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase (V-H(+)-PPase or VP1), the vacuolar proton ATPase (V-H(+)-ATPase) or both, maintain their acidity. A vacuolar transporter ch...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20150193

    authors: Lander N,Cordeiro C,Huang G,Docampo R

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • Control of growth factor receptor dynamics by reversible ubiquitination.

    abstract::Activated tyrosine kinase receptors acquire ubiquitin tags. Ubiquitination governs receptor down-regulation through interaction with components of the endosomal ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery that shepherds receptors into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies en route to the l...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST0340754

    authors: Urbé S,McCullough J,Row P,Prior IA,Welchman R,Clague MJ

    更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • Exosomes as a novel way of interneuronal communication.

    abstract::Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles which stem from endosomes fusing with the plasma membrane; they contain lipids, proteins and RNAs that are able to modify receiving cells. Functioning of the brain relies on synapses, and certain patterns of synaptic activity can change the strength of responses at sparse grou...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20120266

    authors: Chivet M,Javalet C,Hemming F,Pernet-Gallay K,Laulagnier K,Fraboulet S,Sadoul R

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Regulation of large conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels by S-palmitoylation.

    abstract::BK (large conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium) channels are important determinants of physiological control in the nervous, endocrine and vascular systems with channel dysfunction associated with major disorders ranging from epilepsy to hypertension and obesity. Thus the mechanisms that control channe...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST20120226

    authors: Shipston MJ

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Mitogenic stimulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III.

    abstract::Regulation of protein synthesis is an important aspect of growth control. RNA polymerase (pol) III plays a key role in this process by catalysing production of tRNA and 5 S rRNA. Growth factors trigger a rapid increase in pol III activity and this is essential for cell proliferation. The transcription factor TFIIIB pl...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0320976

    authors: Mauger E,Scott PH

    更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00

  • Chemically targeting the PI3K family.

    abstract::PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key regulator of cell growth, metabolism and survival. The frequent activation of the PI3K pathway in cancer has stimulated widespread interest in identifying potent and selective inhibitors of PI3K isoforms. The present paper highlights recent progress in identifying such molecul...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST0350245

    authors: Knight ZA,Shokat KM

    更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00

  • Glyoxalase I--structure, function and a critical role in the enzymatic defence against glycation.

    abstract::Glyoxalase I is part of the glyoxalase system present in the cytosol of cells. The glyoxalase system catalyses the conversion of reactive, acyclic alpha-oxoaldehydes into the corresponding alpha-hydroxyacids. Glyoxalase I catalyses the isomerization of the hemithioacetal, formed spontaneously from alpha-oxoaldehyde an...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0311343

    authors: Thornalley PJ

    更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00

  • Tryptophan oxygenation: mechanistic considerations.

    abstract::From a protein structural viewpoint, tryptophan is often considered an inert structural amino acid, playing a role as a hydrophobic anchor in membrane proteins or as part of the hydrophobic core of soluble proteins. However, tryptophan is the only polyaromatic amino acid and, from a chemical viewpoint, possesses uniqu...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20120073

    authors: Naismith JH

    更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00

  • SLPI and trappin-2 as therapeutic agents to target airway serine proteases in inflammatory lung diseases: current and future directions.

    abstract::It is now clear that NSPs (neutrophil serine proteases), including elastase, Pr3 (proteinase 3) and CatG (cathepsin G) are major pathogenic determinants in chronic inflammatory disorders of the lungs. Two unglycosylated natural protease inhibitors, SLPI (secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor) and elafin, and its prec...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0391441

    authors: Zani ML,Tanga A,Saidi A,Serrano H,Dallet-Choisy S,Baranger K,Moreau T

    更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00

  • The role of IRES trans-acting factors in regulating translation initiation.

    abstract::The majority of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells are translated via a method that is dependent upon the recognition of, and binding to, the methylguanosine cap at the 5' end of the mRNA, by a set of protein factors termed eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors). However, many of the eIFs involved in this process are modified an...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST0381581

    authors: King HA,Cobbold LC,Willis AE

    更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00

  • Beta galactosidases in Arabidopsis and tomato - a mini review.

    abstract::Beta galactosidases (BGALs) are glycosyl hydrolases that remove terminal β-D-galactosyl residues from β-D-galactosides. There are 17 predicted BGAL genes in the genomes of both Arabidopsis (BGAL1-17) and tomato (TBG1-17). All tested BGALs have BGAL activity but their distinct expression profiles and ancient phylogenet...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20150217

    authors: Chandrasekar B,van der Hoorn RA

    更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00

  • The activation of the CGRP receptor.

    abstract::The CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) receptor is a family B GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor). It consists of a GPCR, CLR (calcitonin receptor-like receptor) and an accessory protein, RAMP1 (receptor activity modifying protein 1). RAMP1 is needed for CGRP binding and also cell-surface expression of CLR. CLR is a...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20120251

    authors: Barwell J,Wheatley M,Conner AC,Taddese B,Vohra S,Reynolds CA,Poyner DR

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Tetraspanin CD9 in cell migration.

    abstract::Tetraspanin CD9 is associated with integrin adhesion receptors and it was reported that CD9 regulates integrin-dependent cell migration and invasion. Pro- and anti-migratory effects of CD9 have been linked to adhesion-dependent signalling pathways, including phosphorylation of FAK (focal adhesion kinase) and activatio...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0390563

    authors: Powner D,Kopp PM,Monkley SJ,Critchley DR,Berditchevski F

    更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00

  • Regulation of plant gene expression by alternative splicing.

    abstract::AS (alternative splicing) is a post-transcriptional process which regulates gene expression through increasing protein complexity and modulating mRNA transcript levels. Regulation of AS depends on interactions between trans-acting protein factors and cis-acting signals in the pre-mRNA (precursor mRNA) transcripts, ter...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0380667

    authors: Simpson CG,Manthri S,Raczynska KD,Kalyna M,Lewandowska D,Kusenda B,Maronova M,Szweykowska-Kulinska Z,Jarmolowski A,Barta A,Brown JW

    更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00

  • Neuropilin signalling in angiogenesis.

    abstract::VEGFs (vascular endothelial growth factors) are master regulators of vascular development and of blood and lymphatic vessel function during health and disease in adults. This family of five mammalian ligands acts through three RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases). In addition, co-receptors such as NRPs (neuropilins) assoc...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20110689

    authors: Koch S

    更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00

  • Role of the phosphoinositide pathway in the light-dependent C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase phosphorylation cascade in Digitaria sanguinalis protoplasts.

    abstract::Stimulus-response coupling in animal cells frequently involves the hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) which is catalysed by phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). There is an increasing body of evidence for PI-PLC-based signalling in plant cells; however, the physiological role of this system remains poorly do...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Coursol S,Pierre JN,Vidal J

    更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00

  • The role of LRRK2 in cytoskeletal dynamics.

    abstract::Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a complex kinase/GTPase mutated in Parkinson's disease, has been shown to physically and functionally interact with cytoskeletal-related components in different brain cells. Neurons greatly rely on a functional cytoskeleton for many homeostatic processes such as local and long-dis...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20180469

    authors: Civiero L,Cogo S,Biosa A,Greggio E

    更新日期:2018-12-17 00:00:00

  • Regulation of gene expression by the RNA-binding protein Sam68 in cancer.

    abstract::Sam68 (Src-associated in mitosis 68 kDa) is the prototypical member of the STAR (signal transducer and activator of RNA) family of RNA-binding proteins. Sam68 is implicated in a number of cellular processes including signal transduction, transcription, RNA metabolism, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. In the presen...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0360505

    authors: Rajan P,Gaughan L,Dalgliesh C,El-Sherif A,Robson CN,Leung HY,Elliott DJ

    更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00

  • Subnanometer-scale imaging of nanobio-interfaces by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy.

    abstract::Recently, there have been significant advancements in dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) for biological applications. With frequency modulation AFM (FM-AFM), subnanometer-scale surface structures of biomolecules such as secondary structures of proteins, phosphate groups of DNAs, and lipid-ion complexes have be...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST20200155

    authors: Fukuma T

    更新日期:2020-08-28 00:00:00

  • The role of stem cells in vein graft remodelling.

    abstract::The vessel wall is a dynamic tissue that undergoes positive remodelling in response to altered mechanical stress. A typical example is vein graft remodelling, because veins do not develop arteriosclerosis until a vein segment is grafted on to arteries. In this process, it was observed that vascular endothelial and smo...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0350895

    authors: Xu Q

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • Daxx mediates SUMO-dependent transcriptional control and subnuclear compartmentalization.

    abstract::SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) modification is emerging as an important post-translational control in transcription. In general, SUMO modification is associated with transcriptional repression. Although many SUMO-modified transcription factors and co-activators have been identified, little is known about the ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0351397

    authors: Shih HM,Chang CC,Kuo HY,Lin DY

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00