Electrodes modified with lipid membranes to study quinone oxidoreductases.

abstract：:PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ito K

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anaphase B spindle elongation plays an important role in chromosome segregation. In the present paper, we discuss our model for anaphase B in Drosophila syncytial embryos, in which spindle elongation depends on an ip (interpolar) MT (microtubule) sliding filament mechanism generated by homotetrameric kinesin-5 motors ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Brust-Mascher I,Scholey JM

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intellectual disability (ID) affects at least 1% of the population, and typically presents in the first few years of life. ID is characterized by impairments in cognition and adaptive behavior and is often accompanied by further delays in language and motor skills, as seen in many neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). R...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Weil D,Piton A,Lessel D,Standart N

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple alignments and phylogenetic tree constructions are established techniques for examining the evolutionary history of protease sequences in organisms such as humans, mice, fruitflies, nematode worms and yeast. They also facilitate the mapping of those conserved positions that are important for structure and cat...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Southan C

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The yeast Sir2 (silent information regulator-2) protein functions as an NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase to silence gene expression from the mating-type locus, tolomeres and rDNA and also promotes longevity and genome stability in response to calorie restriction. Homologues of yeast Sir2 have been identified in th...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Marmorstein R

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TRP (transient receptor potential) channels comprise a superfamily of non-selective cation channels with at least seven subfamilies. The variety of subfamilies corresponds to the differences in the activation mechanisms and functions. TRPM3 (TRP melastatin 3) and TRPV4 (TRP vanilloid 3) have been characterized as cati...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Harteneck C,Reiter B

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invertebrates use a wide range of peptides as transmitters and hormones to regulate complex behaviour, physiology and development. These animals, especially those that are amenable to genetic study and are the subject of genome-sequencing projects, provide powerful model systems for understanding the functions of pept...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Isaac RE,Siviter RJ,Stancombe P,Coates D,Shirras AD

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The analysis of deep sequencing data allows for a genome-wide overview of all the small RNA molecules (the 'sRNome') that are present in a single organism. In the present paper, we review the processing of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) RNA, C/D box sRNA (small non-coding RNA) and t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Richter H,Mohr S,Randau L

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid) receptor trafficking is a fundamental mechanism for regulating synaptic strength, and hence may underlie cellular processes involved in learning and memory. PICK1 (protein that interacts with protein C-kinase) has recently emerged as a key regulator of AM...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hanley JG

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The production of dihydrogen by Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae is one of the classic features of mixed-acid fermentation. Synthesis of the multicomponent, membrane-associated FHL (formate hydrogenlyase) enzyme complex, which disproportionates formate into CO(2) and H(2), has an absolute r...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sawers RG

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) modification is emerging as an important post-translational control in transcription. In general, SUMO modification is associated with transcriptional repression. Although many SUMO-modified transcription factors and co-activators have been identified, little is known about the ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Shih HM,Chang CC,Kuo HY,Lin DY

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is now well established that PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key enzyme in several intracellular processes, there are still relatively few reports that precisely identify the specific isoforms of PI3K actually involved in such events. The lack of specific inhibitors has made it particularly difficult...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Falasca M,Maffucci T

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:cAMP is an essential signalling molecule whose concentration in cells is regulated by a wide range of hormones. A large number of diseases, including cancer and asthma, are linked to improper regulation of the cAMP signalling system, and manipulation of cAMP levels by pharmaceutical agents has proven therapeutic benef...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Yarwood SJ

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a cobalt-containing modified tetrapyrrole that is an essential nutrient for higher animals. Its biosynthesis is restricted to certain bacteria and requires approximately 30 enzymatic steps for its complete de novo construction. Remarkably, two distinct biosynthetic pathways exist, which are ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Moore SJ,Warren MJ

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleosomes are actively positioned along DNA by ATP-dependent, chromatin remodelling factors. A structural model for the ISW1a chromatin remodelling factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in complex with a dinucleosome substrate was constructed from the X-ray structures of ISW1a (ΔATPase) with and without DNA bound, tw...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Richmond TJ

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has long been reported that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is capable of synthesizing the α-glucan glycogen. However, what makes this bacterium stand out is that it coats itself in a capsule that mainly consists of a glycogen-like α-glucan. This polymer helps the pathogen evade immune responses. In 2010, the biosynthes...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bornemann S

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biophysical characteristics of vascular tissues are dependent largely on the properties of fibrillar collagens. Considering the predominant structural component, collagen type I, the present review describes the mechanisms of formation and maturation of lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-linking, leading to an understan...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Robins SP

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cultured pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine. Considerable efforts have been invested into the refinement and definition of improved culture systems that sustain self-renewal and avoid differentiation of pluripotent cells in vitro. Recent studies have, however, found that the choice of ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： McEwen KR,Leitch HG,Amouroux R,Hajkova P

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vibrational changes in the catalytic site of horseradish peroxidase were investigated by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy in the 1000-2500 cm(-1) range. Difference spectra were generated by photolysis of the haemII-CO compound at different pH/pD values. The spectra report on the fine structure around the...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ingledew WJ,Rich PR

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reciprocal biochemical and biophysical interactions between tumor cells, stromal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) result in a unique tumor microenvironment that determines disease outcome. The cellular component of the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor growth by providing nutrients, assisting in the ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Johan MZ,Samuel MS

更新日期：2019-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:A decline in mitochondrial function has long been shown to exist in neurodegenerative disease. Whether this decline is a secondary consequence of other factors or whether it causes the eventual death of a cell is unknown. In this review, we will discuss some of the major evidence surrounding mitochondrial DNA mutation...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Krishnan KJ,Reeve AK,Turnbull DM

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlorophyll metabolism is probably the most visible manifestation of life. In spite of this, chlorophyll catabolism has remained something of a mystery until about 10 years ago. At that time, the first non-green tetrapyrrolic chlorophyll breakdown products from higher plants were discovered, and the structure of the f...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kräutler B

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many quinone-reactive enzyme complexes that are part of membrane-integral eukaryotic or prokaryotic respiratory electron transport chains contain one or more haem b molecules embedded in the membrane. In recent years, various novel proteins have emerged that are devoid of haem b but are thought to fulfil a similar fun...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Simon J,Kern M

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family of lipid kinases regulate cell motility in diverse organisms and cell types. In mammals, the main PI3K enzyme activated by chemokine receptor signalling is the class IB isoform, p110gamma. Studies of p110gamma-knockout mice have shown an essential function for this isoform i...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Oak JS,Matheu MP,Parker I,Cahalan MD,Fruman DA

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biochemical features of renin have been studied. Determination of the amino acid sequence and catalytically essential groups in the active sites of mouse submandibular gland revealed the similarity of renin with acid proteases. Yet stringent substrate specificity, neutral pH optimum of its enzyme activity and the uniq...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Inagami T,Misono KS,Chang JJ,Takii Y

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a regulator of cellular metabolism in response to changes in the energy status of the cells. AMPK was known to shut down energy-consuming pathways in response to a fall in the ATP/AMP ratio by phosphorylating key enzymes of intermediate metabolism. Here we will discuss the recent...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Leclerc I,Viollet B,da Silva Xavier G,Kahn A,Rutter GA

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolism in vitro of [1-(14)C]linoleate, [1-(14)C]linolenate and their 9(S)-hydroperoxides in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) was found to be under the control of 9-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase, and directed towards alpha-ketol, gamma-ketol and the novel compound (12Z)-10-oxo-11-hydroxy-12-octadecadienoic ac...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Grechkin AN,Mukhtarova LS,Hamberg M

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CYP74C3 (cytochrome P450 subfamily 74C3), an HPL (hydroperoxide lyase) from Medicago truncatula (barrel medic), and CYP74A1, an AOS (allene oxide synthase) from Arabidopsis thaliana, are key membrane-associated P450 enzymes in plant oxylipin metabolism. Both recombinant detergent-free enzymes are monomeric proteins wi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hughes RK,Belfield EJ,Casey R

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High glucose inhibits mitochondrial respiration, known as the 'Crabtree effect', in cancer cells and possibly other cell types. The upstream pathways regulating this phenomenon are poorly understood. In diabetes, where glucose levels are elevated, the p90(RSK) (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) has received much attention as a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Redman EK,Brookes PS,Karcz MK

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The giant cytoskeletal kinases of the titin-like family are emerging as key mediators of stretch-sensing in muscle. It is thought that their elastic conformational deformation during muscle function regulates both their catalysis and the recruitment of regulatory proteins to signalosomes that assemble in their vicinit...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mayans O,Benian GM,Simkovic F,Rigden DJ

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00