Mechanistic and functional diversity in the mechanosensory kinases of the titin-like family.

abstract：:Microvesicles are shed constitutively, or upon activation, from both normal and malignant cells. The process is dependent on an increase in cytosolic Ca2+, which activates different enzymes, resulting in depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and release of the vesicles. Drug resistance can be defined as the abili...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jorfi S,Inal JM

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The short consensus/complement repeat (SCR) domain (also known as the complement control protein domain) is the most abundant domain type in the complement system. Crystal and NMR structures for proteins that contain single and multiple SCR domains have now been published. These contain inter-SCR linkers of between th...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Perkins SJ,Gilbert HE,Aslam M,Hannan J,Holers VM,Goodship TH

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide is an intermediate of denitrification, and is one of the radical species deployed by macrophages against invading pathogens, therefore bacterial responses to NO are of considerable importance. The Escherichia coli flavorubredoxin and its associated oxidoreductase reduce NO to nitrous oxide under anaerobic...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Tucker N,D'autréaux B,Spiro S,Dixon R

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTB (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) is a repressive regulator of alternative splicing. We have investigated the role of PTB in three model alternative splicing systems. In the alpha-actinin gene, PTB represses the SM (smooth muscle) exon by binding to key sites in the polypyrimidine tract. Repressive binding to...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Spellman R,Rideau A,Matlin A,Gooding C,Robinson F,McGlincy N,Grellscheid SN,Southby J,Wollerton M,Smith CW

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic DNA is constantly under threat from intracellular and environmental factors that damage its chemical structure. Uncorrected DNA damage may impede cellular propagation or even result in cell death, making it critical to restore genomic integrity. Decades of research have revealed a wide range of mechanisms thro...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ghodke H,Ho H,van Oijen AM

更新日期：2018-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The action of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is essential to maintain proper endothelial and vascular function. VEGF stimulates virtually all aspects of endothelial function, namely proliferation, migration, permeability and nitric oxide production and release. In addition, the action of VEGF makes the endo...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Waltenberger J

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous RNA molecules with new catalytic properties have been isolated from synthetic combinatorial libraries. A broad range of chemical reactions is catalysed, and nucleic acids can accelerate bond formation between small organic substrates. This review focuses on carbon-carbon bond formation accelerated by in vitro...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jäschke A,Stuhlmann F,Bebenroth D,Keiper S,Wombacher R

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The thermoacidophile crenarchaeote Sulfolobus ssp. is one of the best-studied Archaea. Cryptic and conjugative plasmids as well as viruses have been described for this genus. For the majority of the genetic elements only the genome sequence and the basic characteristics were determined. In contrast the fusellovirus SS...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lipps G

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The process of information exchange between two homologous DNA duplexes is known as homologous recombination (HR) or double-strand break repair (DSBR), depending on the context. HR is the fundamental process underlying the genome shuffling that expands genetic diversity (for example during meiosis in eukaryotes). DSBR...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： White MF

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AWAP IV constitutes the C-terminal domain of the larger 81 kDa protein AWAK [Avian WAP (whey acidic protein) domain- and Kunitz domain-containing], which is predicted, through conserved domain database searching, to contain at least four WAP domains and one Kunitz domain. RT (reverse transcription)-PCR analyses reveal...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Townes CL,Milona P,Hall J

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown that yeast mutants with defects in the Ada adaptor proteins are defective in hormone-dependent gene activation by ectopically expressed human glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Others have shown that the Ada2 protein is required for physical interactions between some activation domains and TBP (TATA-binding p...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wallberg AE,Flinn EM,Gustafsson JA,Wright AP

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inosine residues may be introduced into long dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) molecules by the action of a family of editing enzymes, ADARs (adenosine deaminases that act on RNA). Furthermore, hyperediting of dsRNA by ADARs may result in up to 50% of adenosine residues being converted into inosine. While the effect of hype...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Scadden AD

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The oxidoreductase Trx-1 (thioredoxin 1) is highly conserved and found intra- and extra-cellularly in mammalian systems. There is increasing interest in its capacity to regulate immune function based on observations of altered distribution and expression during ageing and disease. We have investigated previously wheth...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Griffiths HR,Bennett SJ,Olofsson P,Dunston CR

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex biological machines arise from self-assembly on the basis of structural features programmed into sequence-specific macromolecules (i.e. polypeptides and polynucleotides) at the molecular level. As a consequence of the near-absolute control of macromolecular architecture that results from such sequence specific...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dublin S,Zimenkov Y,Conticello VP

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many quinone-reactive enzyme complexes that are part of membrane-integral eukaryotic or prokaryotic respiratory electron transport chains contain one or more haem b molecules embedded in the membrane. In recent years, various novel proteins have emerged that are devoid of haem b but are thought to fulfil a similar fun...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Simon J,Kern M

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Squalene epoxidase (Erg1p) is an essential enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in yeast. For its enzymatic activity, Erg1p requires molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H and FAD. Amino acid analysis and sequence alignment with other squalene epoxidases revealed two highly conserved FAD-binding domains, FAD I and FAD II....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ruckenstuhl C,Eidenberger A,Lang S,Turnowsky F

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscles are responsible for generating the forces required for the movement of multicellular organisms. Microscopically, these forces arise as a consequence of motor proteins (myosin) pulling and sliding along actin filaments. Current knowledge states that the molecular forces between actin and myosin are linear in na...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Nielsen BG

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Along with the development of several large-scale methods such as mass spectrometry or micro arrays, genome wide models became not only a possibility but an obvious tool for theoretical biologists to integrate and analyse complex biological data. Nevertheless, incorporating the dynamics of photosynthesis remains one o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Matuszyńska A,Ebenhöh O

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are a large family of structurally related proteins, which mediate their effects by coupling with G-proteins. Despite responding to a range of very diverse stimuli, these receptors exhibit a conserved tertiary structure comprising a bundle of seven TM (transmembrane) helices linked ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lawson Z,Wheatley M

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitination is a fundamental post-translational modification that regulates almost all aspects of cellular signalling and is ultimately catalysed by the action of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The RING-between-RING (RBR) family of E3 ligases encompasses 14 distinct human enzymes that are defined by a unique domain organisa...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cotton TR,Lechtenberg BC

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the Edmonton protocol, a number of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus have remained insulin-independent for prolonged periods of time. In spite of this success, transplantation of islets from cadaver donors will remain a therapy for very few patients owing to a lack of donors. Thus, if cell therapy should be...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Semb H

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A modification of the Structure Alignment Program (SAP), combined with a novel automatic method for the definition of structural elements, correctly identified the core folds of a variety of small beta/alpha proteins when compared with a series of ideal architectures. This approach opens the possibility of not just de...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Taylor WR

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biochemical, biophysical and biological studies of oligonucleotides containing lesions at defined sites provide a molecular basis for the effects of DNA lesions. dG (deoxyguanosine) is the most easily oxidized of the four native nucleotides. The chemical reactivity of dG correlates with compilations of mutations, whic...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Greenberg MM

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of the translation initiation complex represents the rate-limiting step in protein synthesis. Translation initiation in the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus depends on several translation IFs (initiation factors), some of which have eukaryal but no bacterial counterparts. In the present paper, we rev...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： La Teana A,Benelli D,Londei P,Bläsi U

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An RNA world has been placed centre stage for explaining the origin of life. Indeed, RNA is the most plausible molecule able to form both a (self)-replicator and to inherit information, necessities for initiating genetics. However, in parallel with self-replication, the proto-organism had to obtain the ability to cata...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ralser M

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutation of the ACN1 (acetate non-utilizing 1) locus of Arabidopsis results in altered acetate assimilation into gluconeogenic sugars and anapleurotic amino acids and leads to an overall depression in primary metabolite levels by approx. 50% during seedling development. Levels of acetyl-CoA were higher in acn1 compare...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hooks MA,Allen E,Wattis JA

更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) were labelled in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells expressing fluorescent chimaeric 'cargo' proteins that were targeted to these secretory vesicles. When the cells were stimulated with nicotine 48 h after transduction, the fractional loss of fluorescent LDCVs was much greater t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wiegand UK,Duncan RR,Greaves J,Chow RH,Shipston MJ,Apps DK

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorus is one of the most important macronutrients and is indispensable for all organisms as a critical structural component as well as participating in intracellular signalling and energy metabolism. Sensing and signalling of phosphate (Pi) has been extensively studied and is well understood in single-cellular or...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Qi W,Baldwin SA,Muench SP,Baker A

更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of the effects of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) are mediated by the stimulation of the NO-sensitive GC (guanylate cyclase) and the subsequent increase in cGMP formation. The enzyme contains a prosthetic haem group, which mediates NO stimulation. In addition to the physiological activator NO, NO-sensit...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Koesling D,Mullershausen F,Lange A,Friebe A,Mergia E,Wagner C,Russwurm M

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:cAMP is an essential signalling molecule whose concentration in cells is regulated by a wide range of hormones. A large number of diseases, including cancer and asthma, are linked to improper regulation of the cAMP signalling system, and manipulation of cAMP levels by pharmaceutical agents has proven therapeutic benef...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Yarwood SJ

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00