Abstract:
:The short consensus/complement repeat (SCR) domain (also known as the complement control protein domain) is the most abundant domain type in the complement system. Crystal and NMR structures for proteins that contain single and multiple SCR domains have now been published. These contain inter-SCR linkers of between three and eight residues, and the structures show much variability in inter-SCR orientations. X-ray and neutron scattering, combined with analytical ultracentrifugation and constrained modelling based on known subunit structures will yield a medium-resolution structure for the protein of interest. The fewer parameters that are associated with the structure of interest, the more defined the structure of interest becomes. These solution studies have been applied to several SCR-containing proteins in the complement system, most notably Factor H with 20 SCR domains, a complement receptor type 2 fragment with two SCR domains, and rat complement receptor-related protein (Crry) which contains five SCR domains. The results show great conformational variability in the inter-SCR orientation, and these will be reviewed. Even though the rotational orientation cannot be modelled, it is nonetheless possible to measure the degree of extension of the multi-SCR proteins and, from this, to obtain functionally useful results.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Perkins SJ,Gilbert HE,Aslam M,Hannan J,Holers VM,Goodship THdoi
10.1042/bst0300996keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-11-01 00:00:00pages
996-1001issue
Pt 6eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752journal_volume
30pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::A general strategy is described for the amplified expression, purification and characterization in Escherichia coli of multidrug efflux proteins from Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Methanococcus janaschii and E. coli. They all catalyse drug/H(+) antiport of substrates such as quinolones and ethidium and exe...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (Snf1) protein kinase, a yeast homologue of mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase, plays a main role in transcriptional activation and repression of gene expression. In addition, Snf1 kinase has a broad role in the cellular response to several forms of stress, such as nutrient limitation, sal...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310178
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::NRs (nuclear receptors) regulate the expression of specific gene networks in target cells by recruiting cofactor complexes involved in chromatin remodelling and in the assembly of transcription complexes. The importance of activating gene expression, in metabolic tissues, is well established, but the contribution of t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0341103
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genes encoding an alpha-oxygenase, in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana, have been recently isolated. However, the reaction mechanism of the enzyme has not so far been elucidated. In this study, a cDNA encoding the fatty acid alpha-oxygenase gene in rice plants was isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence sh...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::HD (Huntington's disease) is caused by a polyQ (polyglutamine) expansion in the huntingtin protein, which leads to protein misfolding and aggregation of this protein. Abnormal copper accumulation in the HD brain was first reported more than 15 years ago. Recent findings show that copper-regulatory genes are induced du...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0380552
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work we present a probabilistic model to estimate summaries of Affymetrix GeneChip probe level data. Comparisons with two different models were made both on a publicly available dataset and on a study performed in our laboratory, showing that our model performs better for consistency of fold change. ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0311510
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased production of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and altered processing of tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death and cognitive and behavioural deficits. Neuroinflammation is also a prominent feature of AD brain and considerable evidence indicates that inflammatory event...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20140155
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important signalling enzymes in most cell types. Recent gene targeting studies have shed light on the importance of this family of lipid kinases in the immune system, and the complex mechanisms by which these kinases are regulated in vivo. We have recently reported a phenotype of...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310270
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::MNDs (motor neuron diseases) form a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons. More and more genetic factors associated with MND encode proteins that have a function in RNA metabolism, suggesting that disturbed RNA metabolism could be a common underlying problem ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130142
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron, copper and zinc are essential metals for cell metabolism. Plants have evolved different schemes to efficiently mobilize low-solubility nutrients such as metals from their environment and to transport them between organs. In this review we highlight the divergences and convergences of the iron, copper and zinc up...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0300766
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::As an ion channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein occupies a unique niche within the ABC family. Orthologues of CFTR are extant throughout the animal kingdom from sharks to platypods to sheep, where the osmoregulatory function of the protein has been applied to differing lifesty...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150081
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Invertebrates use a wide range of peptides as transmitters and hormones to regulate complex behaviour, physiology and development. These animals, especially those that are amenable to genetic study and are the subject of genome-sequencing projects, provide powerful model systems for understanding the functions of pept...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucus plays a vital role in protecting the lungs from environmental factors, but conversely, in muco-obstructive airway disease, mucus becomes pathologic. In its protective role, mucus entraps microbes and particles removing them from the lungs via the co-ordinated beating of motile cilia. This mechanism of lung defen...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20170402
更新日期:2018-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) mRNA is expressed in a panoply of tissues, including the brain, where it is widely distributed. In the mouse brain, it is expressed in the hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, dorsomedial, ventromedial and arcuate nuclei), the thalamus (submedius nucleus) and the brain-stem (dors...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/0300-5127:0290812
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance-exercise training results in a progressive increase in muscle mass and force production. Following an acute bout of resistance exercise, the rate of protein synthesis increases proportionally with the increase in protein degradation, correlating at 3 h in the starved state. Amino acids taken immediately bef...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351314
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Voltage-gated K(+) channels are key regulators of neuronal excitability. The Kv2.1 voltage-gated K(+) channel is the major delayed rectifier K(+) channel expressed in most central neurons, where it exists as a highly phosphorylated protein. Kv2.1 plays a critical role in homoeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal e...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351064
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have shown that yeast mutants with defects in the Ada adaptor proteins are defective in hormone-dependent gene activation by ectopically expressed human glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Others have shown that the Ada2 protein is required for physical interactions between some activation domains and TBP (TATA-binding p...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism in vitro of [1-(14)C]linoleate, [1-(14)C]linolenate and their 9(S)-hydroperoxides in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) was found to be under the control of 9-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase, and directed towards alpha-ketol, gamma-ketol and the novel compound (12Z)-10-oxo-11-hydroxy-12-octadecadienoic ac...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We study how mechanical forces integrate spatially and temporally with regulatory signals at the leading edge of migrating cells. To probe the dynamics of this system, we developed quantitative fluorescent speckle microscopy, which maps out actin cytoskeleton transport, assembly and disassembly with high spatial resol...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20051250
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have isolated a novel gene (GLELO) from Mortierella alpina and its homologue (CEELO1) from Caenorhabditis elegans and demonstrate the involvement of their encoded proteins in the elongation of C(18) polyunsaturated fatty acids. ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vibrational changes in the catalytic site of horseradish peroxidase were investigated by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy in the 1000-2500 cm(-1) range. Difference spectra were generated by photolysis of the haemII-CO compound at different pH/pD values. The spectra report on the fine structure around the...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330886
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The SERCA (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) is probably the most extensively studied membrane protein transporter. There is a vast array of diverse inhibitors for the Ca2+ pump, and many have proved significant in helping to elucidate both the mechanism of transport and gaining conformational structures...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0390789
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are eight members of the phosphoinositide family of phospholipids in eukaryotes; PI, PI3P, PI4P, PI5P, PI(4,5)P2, PI(3,4)P2, PI(3,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3. Receptor activation of Class I PI3Ks stimulates the phosphorylation of PI(4,5)P2 to form PI(3,4,5)P3. PI(3,4,5)P3 is an important messenger molecule that is part...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150248
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recruitment of the furanosidic scaffold of ribose as the crucial step for nucleotides and then for nucleic acids synthesis is presented. Based on the view that the selection of molecules to be used for relevant metabolic purposes must favor structurally well-defined molecules, the inadequacy of ribose as a prefere...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20190749
更新日期:2019-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Homologous recombination is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis in most sexual organisms. Meiotic recombination is initiated by the formation of DSBs (DNA double-strand breaks) made by the Spo11 protein. We review here recent findings pertaining to protein-protein interactions important for DS...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0340523
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sam68 (Src-associated in mitosis 68 kDa) is the prototypical member of the STAR (signal transducer and activator of RNA) family of RNA-binding proteins. Sam68 is implicated in a number of cellular processes including signal transduction, transcription, RNA metabolism, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. In the presen...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360505
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last 10 years, during the lifetime of the nitrogen cycle meetings, structural biology, coupled with spectroscopy, has had a major impact of our understanding enzymology of the nitrogen cycle. The three-dimensional structures for many of the key enzymes have now been resolved and have provided a wealth of info...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330113
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::IL (interleukin)-4 and IL-13 are key cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory disease. IL-4 and IL-13 share many functional properties as a result of their utilization of a common receptor complex comprising IL-13Ralpha1 (IL-13 receptor alpha-chain 1) and IL-4Ralpha. The second IL-13R (IL-13 receptor) ha...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370873
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::AWAP IV constitutes the C-terminal domain of the larger 81 kDa protein AWAK [Avian WAP (whey acidic protein) domain- and Kunitz domain-containing], which is predicted, through conserved domain database searching, to contain at least four WAP domains and one Kunitz domain. RT (reverse transcription)-PCR analyses reveal...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20060267
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is an important tumour-suppressor gene that encodes a 3-phosphatase. The major substrate of PTEN is PIP(3) (phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate) generated by the action of PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases). Hereditary mutation of PTEN causes tumour...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350172
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00