Abstract:
:Homologous recombination is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis in most sexual organisms. Meiotic recombination is initiated by the formation of DSBs (DNA double-strand breaks) made by the Spo11 protein. We review here recent findings pertaining to protein-protein interactions important for DSB formation, the mechanism of an early step in the processing of Spo11-generated DSBs, and regulation of DSB formation by protein kinases.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Keeney S,Neale MJdoi
10.1042/BST0340523subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-08-01 00:00:00pages
523-5issue
Pt 4eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST0340523journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The interaction of chemokines and GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) on endothelial surfaces is a crucial step for establishing a chemotactic gradient which leads to the functional presentation of chemokines to their GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) and thus to activation of approaching leucocytes. Based on molecular modell...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0340435
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies of some proteins involved in the formation of focal adhesions are described. These include fibronectin, integrins, talin, Dok1 and filamin. Emphasis is placed on features that facilitate regulated assembly of complexes; these include a modular construction and flexible regions that provide interaction s...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360263
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) superfamily that is required for proper skeletal patterning and development in the vertebrate limb. Based on the homology of GDF-5 with other bone-inducing BMP family members, the i...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::14-3-3 proteins are involved in signalling processes in neuronal cells. Using isoform-specific antibodies we have examined the variation in 14-3-3 isoform neurolocation in normal and scrapie-infected murine brain and show that in defined areas of the brain there are significant changes associated with the pathology of...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300387
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant chloroplasts contain an intricate photosynthetic membrane system, the thylakoids, and are surrounded by two envelope membranes at which thylakoid lipids are assembled. The glycoglycerolipids mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol as well as phosphatidylglycerol, are present in th...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20110752
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sucrose non-fermenting 1 (Snf1) protein kinase, a yeast homologue of mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase, plays a main role in transcriptional activation and repression of gene expression. In addition, Snf1 kinase has a broad role in the cellular response to several forms of stress, such as nutrient limitation, sal...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310178
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The revolution of genomics and growth of systems biology urged the creation of synthetic biology, an engineering discipline aiming at recreating and reprogramming cellular functions for industrial needs. There has been a huge effort in synthetic biology to develop versatile and programmable genetic regulators that wou...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20190173
更新日期:2019-10-31 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0390077
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sister-chromatid cohesion, thought to be primarily mediated by the cohesin complex, is essential for chromosome segregation. The forces holding the two sisters resist the tendency of microtubules to prematurely pull sister DNAs apart and thereby prevent random segregation of the genome during mitosis, and consequent a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0381639
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350369
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::SOEs (sulfite-oxidizing enzymes) are physiologically vital and occur in all forms of life. During the catalytic cycle, the five-co-ordinate square pyramidal oxo-molybdenum active site passes through the Mo(V) state, and intimate details of the structure can be obtained from variable frequency pulsed EPR spectroscopy t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0361129
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery consists of a number of cytosolic proteins that make up three functional subcomplexes: ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III. These proteins function in multivesicular body formation and cell division and are co-opted by enveloped retroviruses to facilit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370195
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biochemical, biophysical and biological studies of oligonucleotides containing lesions at defined sites provide a molecular basis for the effects of DNA lesions. dG (deoxyguanosine) is the most easily oxidized of the four native nucleotides. The chemical reactivity of dG correlates with compilations of mutations, whic...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0320046
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single-molecule fluorescence methods, particularly single-molecule FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer), have provided novel insights into the structure, interactions and dynamics of biological systems. ALEX (alternating-laser excitation) spectroscopy is a new method that extends single-molecule FRET by provi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0360738
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a cobalt-containing modified tetrapyrrole that is an essential nutrient for higher animals. Its biosynthesis is restricted to certain bacteria and requires approximately 30 enzymatic steps for its complete de novo construction. Remarkably, two distinct biosynthetic pathways exist, which are ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120066
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Malaria during pregnancy is caused when parasite-infected erythrocytes accumulate within the placenta through interactions between the VAR2CSA protein on the infected erythrocyte surface and placental CSPGs (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans). This interaction is the major target for therapeutics to treat or prevent p...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0381337
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how cognitive processes including learning, memory, decision making and ideation are encoded by the genome is a key question in biology. Identification of sets of genes underlying human mental disorders is a path towards this objective. Schizophrenia is a common disease with cognitive symptoms, high heri...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0380445
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The avascular nature of the human intervertebral disc is thought to reduce the ability of resident disc cells to maintain their extracellular matrix, rendering the tissue susceptible to degeneration. It has also been suggested that the lack of a blood supply may result in disc cell death via nutrient deprivation. Ther...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350680
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many microalgae are known to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAGs), especially under nitrate starvation. Generally, these TAGs are predominantly constructed of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, the TAGs of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum are rich in arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 omega6) and eic...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) is activated by ssRNAs (single-stranded RNAs) and synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds that resemble purines and have immunostimulatory activity. TLR8 agonists are particularly effective at inducing Th1-polarizing responses from human monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, with the magnitud...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351485
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pantothenate (vitamin B5) is a water-soluble vitamin essential for the synthesis of CoA and ACP (acyl-carrier protein, cofactors in energy yielding reactions including carbohydrate metabolism and fatty acid synthesis. Pantothenate is synthesized de novo by plants and micro-organisms; however, animals obtain the vitami...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330743
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex brains have developed specialized mechanisms for the grouping of principal cells into temporal coalitions of local or distant networks: the inhibitory interneuron 'clocking' networks. They consist of GABAergic (where GABA is gamma-aminobutyric acid) interneurons of a rich diversity. In cortical circuits, these...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0371328
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Wilms' tumour-suppressor gene (WT1), encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that is critical for the development of several organs, including the kidneys, gonads and spleen. Despite its identification as a tumour suppressor that plays a crucial role in the formation of a paediatric malignancy of the kidneys (W...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360629
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the roles of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10)/PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) signalling pathway in vivo, we have generated a series of mutant mice with null or tissue-specific gene-targeted deletions of Pten. Here we present our investigations of Pten function in ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0320362
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Luteinizing hormone (LH) interacts with its plasma membrane receptor to activate the formation of cyclic AMP via the regulatory GTP binding protein (Gs). This is followed by a desensitization of that same hormonal response which is caused by an uncoupling of the LH receptor from Gs. The coupling between Gs and the ade...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0170633
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD) with autosomal dominant inheritance. Accordingly, LRRK2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for disease modification in PD. Since the first discovery of LRRK2 mutations some 12 years ago,...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20160264
更新日期:2017-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::The action of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is essential to maintain proper endothelial and vascular function. VEGF stimulates virtually all aspects of endothelial function, namely proliferation, migration, permeability and nitric oxide production and release. In addition, the action of VEGF makes the endo...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0371167
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitogenic tyrosine kinase receptors such as the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) are endocytosed once they are activated at the cell surface. After reaching the early endosome, they are ubiquitinated within their cytosolic domain and are consequently sorted away from recycling receptors. They are then incorpora...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370146
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is an unusual protein serine/threonine kinase that, unlike most of its 500-odd relatives in the genome, is active under resting conditions and is inactivated upon cell stimulation. The two mammalian isoforms, GSK-3alpha and beta, play largely overlapping roles and have been implicated in a v...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320803
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43) is an hnRNP (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein) protein whose role in cellular processes has come to the forefront of neurodegeneration research after the observation that it is the main component of brain inclusions in ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and FTLD (frontotempo...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130186
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00