Chloroplast lipid synthesis and lipid trafficking through ER-plastid membrane contact sites.

abstract：:Studies of the DNA-replication machinery of Archaea have revealed striking similarities to that of eukaryotes. Indeed, it appears that in most cases Archaea possess a simplified version of the eukaryotic replication apparatus. Studies of Archaea are therefore shedding light on the fundamental processes of DNA replicat...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dionne I,Robinson NP,McGeoch AT,Marsh VL,Reddish A,Bell SD

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic fibrosis, one of the major human inherited diseases, is caused by defects in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), a cell-membrane protein. CFTR acts as a chloride channel which can be opened by ATP. Low-resolution structural studies of purified recombinant human CFTR are described in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Awayn NH,Rosenberg MF,Kamis AB,Aleksandrov LA,Riordan JR,Ford RC

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family signalling pathway. Similar to TGF-β, the complex roles of BMPs in development and disease are demonstrated by their dichotomous roles in various cancers and cancer stages. Although early studies implicated BMP signalling in t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jiramongkolchai P,Owens P,Hong CC

更新日期：2016-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In the intracellular microenvironment of active muscle tissue, high rates of respiration are maintained at near-limiting oxygen concentrations. The respiration of isolated heart mitochondria is a hyperbolic function of oxygen concentration and half-maximal rates were obtained at 0.4 and 0.7 microM O(2) with substrates...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gnaiger E,Kuznetsov AV

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA damage is one of the most acute threats to cellular homeostasis and life. The cell responds to such damage by activating a vast array of responses, ranging from DNA repair to numerous signalling pathways, which temporarily slow down the cellular life cycle while the damage is being repaired. Sophisticated relays c...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Shiloh Y

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene are the primary cause of the severe autism spectrum disorder RTT (Rett syndrome). Deletion of Mecp2 in mice recapitulates many of the overt neurological features seen in humans, and the delayed onset of symptoms is accompanied by deficits in neuronal morphology and synaptic physiol...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cobb S,Guy J,Bird A

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTB (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) is an abundant and widely expressed RNA-binding protein with four RRM (RNA recognition motif) domains. PTB is involved in numerous post-transcriptional steps in gene expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, but has been best characterized as a regulatory repressor of som...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kafasla P,Mickleburgh I,Llorian M,Coelho M,Gooding C,Cherny D,Joshi A,Kotik-Kogan O,Curry S,Eperon IC,Jackson RJ,Smith CW

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:SOEs (sulfite-oxidizing enzymes) are physiologically vital and occur in all forms of life. During the catalytic cycle, the five-co-ordinate square pyramidal oxo-molybdenum active site passes through the Mo(V) state, and intimate details of the structure can be obtained from variable frequency pulsed EPR spectroscopy t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Enemark JH,Astashkin AV,Raitsimring AM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeting of estrogen receptor is commonly used as a first-line treatment for hormone-positive breast cancer patients, and is considered as a keystone of systemic cancer therapy. Likewise, HER2-targeted therapy significantly improved the survival of HER2-positive breast cancer patients, indicating that targeted therap...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lev S

更新日期：2020-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the progress of a personal endeavour to develop chromatography as a quantitative procedure for the determination of reaction stoichiometries and equilibrium constants governing protein interactions. As well as affording insight into an aspect of chromatography with which many protein chemists are ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Winzor DJ

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice devoid of the original uncoupling protein UCP1 have provided opportunities to delineate UCP1 function in a series of biochemical and physiological contexts. The isolated brown-fat mitochondria from such mice are fully coupled (without the addition of GDP), but still exhibit a depressed capacity for ATP synthesis....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Nedergaard J,Golozoubova V,Matthias A,Shabalina I,Ohba K,Ohlson K,Jacobsson A,Cannon B

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD) with autosomal dominant inheritance. Accordingly, LRRK2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for disease modification in PD. Since the first discovery of LRRK2 mutations some 12 years ago,...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Islam MS,Moore DJ

更新日期：2017-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The IRF [IFN (interferon) regulatory factor] family of transcription factors control many cellular processes, including induction of key antiviral cytokines, type I IFNs, following viral infection. Recent studies have revealed several endogenous and viral proteins involved in ubiquitin-mediated regulation of IRF activ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Higgs R,Jefferies CA

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The action of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is essential to maintain proper endothelial and vascular function. VEGF stimulates virtually all aspects of endothelial function, namely proliferation, migration, permeability and nitric oxide production and release. In addition, the action of VEGF makes the endo...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Waltenberger J

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many microalgae are known to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAGs), especially under nitrate starvation. Generally, these TAGs are predominantly constructed of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, the TAGs of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum are rich in arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 omega6) and eic...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cohen Z,Khozin-Goldberg I,Adlerstein D,Bigogno C

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ito K

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular membranes communicate extensively via contact sites that form between two membranes. Such sites allow exchange of specific ions, lipids or proteins between two compartments without content mixing, thereby preserving organellar architecture during the transfer process. Even though the molecular compositions of...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Raiborg C,Wenzel EM,Pedersen NM,Stenmark H

更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein aggregation is being found to be associated with an increasing number of human diseases. Aggregation can lead to a loss of function (lack of active protein) or to a toxic gain of function (cytotoxicity associated with protein aggregates). Although potentially harmful, protein sequences predisposed to aggregati...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sanchez de Groot N,Torrent M,Villar-Piqué A,Lang B,Ventura S,Gsponer J,Babu MM

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the roles of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10)/PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) signalling pathway in vivo, we have generated a series of mutant mice with null or tissue-specific gene-targeted deletions of Pten. Here we present our investigations of Pten function in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Suzuki A,Sasaki T,Mak TW,Nakano T

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased production of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and altered processing of tau in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death and cognitive and behavioural deficits. Neuroinflammation is also a prominent feature of AD brain and considerable evidence indicates that inflammatory event...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Phillips EC,Croft CL,Kurbatskaya K,O'Neill MJ,Hutton ML,Hanger DP,Garwood CJ,Noble W

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PABPs [poly(A)-binding proteins] bind to the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNAs and are conserved in species ranging from yeast to human. The prototypical cytoplasmic member, PABP1, is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein with roles in global and mRNA-specific translation and stability, consistent with a function as a ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Smith RW,Blee TK,Gray NK

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Breast cancer heterogeneity demands that prognostic models must be biologically driven and recent clinical evidence indicates that future prognostic signatures need evaluation in the context of early compared with late metastatic risk prediction. In pre-clinical studies, we and others have shown that various protein-p...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Weitsman G,Lawler K,Kelleher MT,Barrett JE,Barber PR,Shamil E,Festy F,Patel G,Fruhwirth GO,Huang L,Tullis ID,Woodman N,Ofo E,Ameer-Beg SM,Irshad S,Condeelis J,Gillett CE,Ellis PA,Vojnovic B,Coolen AC,Ng T

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trafficking within eukaryotic cells is a complex and highly regulated process; events such as recycling of plasma membrane receptors, formation of multivesicular bodies, regulated release of hormones and delivery of proteins to membranes all require directionality and specificity. The underpinning processes, including...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Laidlaw KME,Livingstone R,Al-Tobi M,Bryant NJ,Gould GW

更新日期：2017-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Most research strategies for cartilage tissue engineering use extended culture with complex media loaded with costly GFs (growth factors) to drive tissue assembly and yet they result in the production of cartilage with inferior mechanical and structural properties compared with the natural tissue. Recent evidence sugg...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ayerst BI,Day AJ,Nurcombe V,Cool SM,Merry CL

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An RNA world has been placed centre stage for explaining the origin of life. Indeed, RNA is the most plausible molecule able to form both a (self)-replicator and to inherit information, necessities for initiating genetics. However, in parallel with self-replication, the proto-organism had to obtain the ability to cata...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ralser M

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mass spectrometry (MS) provides an impressive array of information about the structure, function and interactions of proteins. In recent years, many new developments have been in the field of native MS and these exemplify a new coming of age of this field. In this mini review, we connect the latest methodological and ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Allison TM,Bechara C

更新日期：2019-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Here, we describe a recently discovered O-GlcNAc transferase termed EOGT for EGF domain-specific O-GlcNAc transferase. EOGT transfers GlcNAc (N-acetylglucosamine) to Ser or Thr in secreted and membrane proteins that contain one or more epidermal growth factor-like repeats with a specific consensus sequence. Thus, EOGT...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Varshney S,Stanley P

更新日期：2017-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Phagocytosis and phagosome maturation are crucial processes in biology. Phagocytosis and the subsequent digestion of phagocytosed particles occur across a huge diversity of eukaryotes and can be achieved by many different cells within one organism. In parallel, diverse groups of pathogens have evolved mechanisms to av...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Smith LM,May RC

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Wilms' tumour-suppressor gene (WT1), encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that is critical for the development of several organs, including the kidneys, gonads and spleen. Despite its identification as a tumour suppressor that plays a crucial role in the formation of a paediatric malignancy of the kidneys (W...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hartkamp J,Roberts SG

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Co-ordinated myocyte handling of calcium is essential for efficient excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. The calcium cycling activity can be modulated by adrenergic stimulation and subsequent phosphorylation. Important functional consequences of phosphorylation include a greater influx of calcium through the ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lygren B,Taskén K

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00