Compartmentalized cAMP signalling is important in the regulation of Ca(2+) cycling in the heart.

abstract：:With >800 members, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of cell-surface signalling proteins, and their activation mediates diverse physiological processes. GPCRs are ubiquitously distributed across all cell types, involved in many diseases and are major drug targets. However, GPCR drug discovery i...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ellisdon AM,Halls ML

更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Activated tyrosine kinase receptors acquire ubiquitin tags. Ubiquitination governs receptor down-regulation through interaction with components of the endosomal ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery that shepherds receptors into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies en route to the l...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Urbé S,McCullough J,Row P,Prior IA,Welchman R,Clague MJ

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTB (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) is a repressive regulator of alternative splicing. We have investigated the role of PTB in three model alternative splicing systems. In the alpha-actinin gene, PTB represses the SM (smooth muscle) exon by binding to key sites in the polypyrimidine tract. Repressive binding to...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Spellman R,Rideau A,Matlin A,Gooding C,Robinson F,McGlincy N,Grellscheid SN,Southby J,Wollerton M,Smith CW

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple alignments and phylogenetic tree constructions are established techniques for examining the evolutionary history of protease sequences in organisms such as humans, mice, fruitflies, nematode worms and yeast. They also facilitate the mapping of those conserved positions that are important for structure and cat...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Southan C

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GRIF-1 [GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid(A)) receptor interacting factor-1] is a member of a coiled-coil family of proteins thought to function as adaptors in the anterograde trafficking of organelles utilizing the kinesin-1 motor proteins to synapses. To study in more detail the molecular interaction between GRIF-1 a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pozo K,Stephenson FA

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sister-chromatid cohesion, thought to be primarily mediated by the cohesin complex, is essential for chromosome segregation. The forces holding the two sisters resist the tendency of microtubules to prematurely pull sister DNAs apart and thereby prevent random segregation of the genome during mitosis, and consequent a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Oliveira RA,Nasmyth K

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancreatic cancer is the fourth most common cause of death from cancer in the world and the sixth in Europe. Pancreatic cancer is more frequent in males than females. Worldwide, following diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, <2% of patients survive for 5 years, 8% survive for 2 years and <50% survive for only approx. 3 mon...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Szajda SD,Waszkiewicz N,Chojnowska S,Zwierz K

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a cellular energy sensor that monitors the ratio of AMP/ATP, and possibly also ADP/ATP, inside cells. Once activated by falling cellular energy levels, it acts to restore energy homoeostasis by switching on catabolic pathways that generate ATP, while switching off anabolic pathwa...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gowans GJ,Hardie DG

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CoA (coenzyme A) and its derivatives have a critical role in regulating cardiac energy metabolism. This includes a key role as a substrate and product in the energy metabolic pathways, as well as serving as an allosteric regulator of cardiac energy metabolism. In addition, the CoA ester malonyl-CoA has an important ro...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Abo Alrob O,Lopaschuk GD

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Horses and other equids are unusual in producing protein-rich sweat for thermoregulation, a major component of which is latherin, a highly surface-active, non-glycosylated protein that is a member of the PLUNC (palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone) family. Latherin produces a significant reduction in water surface ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kennedy MW

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biophysical techniques developed during the last three decades have provided an increasingly detailed description of the internal processes associated with ligand capture and release by haem proteins. Myoglobin has long been the paradigm for these studies. More recently, cytochrome P450cam (the camphor-metabolizing cy...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lavalette D,Tétreau C,Mouawad L

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ets family of eukaryotic transcription factors is based around the conserved Ets DNA-binding domain. Although their DNA-binding selectivity is biochemically and structurally well characterized, structures of homodimeric and ternary complexes point to Ets domains functioning as versatile protein-interaction modules...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cooper CD,Newman JA,Gileadi O

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High glucose inhibits mitochondrial respiration, known as the 'Crabtree effect', in cancer cells and possibly other cell types. The upstream pathways regulating this phenomenon are poorly understood. In diabetes, where glucose levels are elevated, the p90(RSK) (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) has received much attention as a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Redman EK,Brookes PS,Karcz MK

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating evidence indicates that beta-cells die by apoptosis in T1DM (Type 1 diabetes mellitus). Apoptosis is an active gene-directed process, and recent observations suggest that beta-cell apoptosis depends on the parallel and/or sequential up- and down-regulation of hundreds of genes controlled by key transcript...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Eizirik DL,Moore F,Flamez D,Ortis F

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of the zDHHC family of S-acyltransferase enzymes has been one of the major breakthroughs in the S-acylation field. Now, more than a decade since their discovery, major questions centre on profiling the substrates of individual zDHHC enzymes (there are 24 ZDHHC genes and several hundred S-acylated protein...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lemonidis K,Werno MW,Greaves J,Diez-Ardanuy C,Sanchez-Perez MC,Salaun C,Thomson DM,Chamberlain LH

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitogenic tyrosine kinase receptors such as the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) are endocytosed once they are activated at the cell surface. After reaching the early endosome, they are ubiquitinated within their cytosolic domain and are consequently sorted away from recycling receptors. They are then incorpora...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Woodman P

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lack or excess of the protein tau can be deleterious for neurons. The absence of tau can result in retarded neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation, although adult mice deficient in tau are viable, probably because of the compensation of the loss of tau by other MAPs (microtubule-associated proteins). On the con...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Avila J,de Barreda EG,Fuster-Matanzo A,Simón D,Llorens-Martín M,Engel T,Lucas JJ,Díaz-Hernández M,Hernández F

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene-poor human chromosomes are reproducibly found at the nuclear periphery in proliferating cells. There are a number of inner nuclear envelope proteins that may have roles in chromosome location and anchorage, e.g. emerin and A-type lamins. In the last decade, a number of diseases associated with tissue degeneration...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Meaburn KJ,Levy N,Toniolo D,Bridger JM

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Site-specific recombinases are enzymes that promote precise rearrangements of DNA sequences. They do this by cutting and rejoining the DNA strands at specific positions within a pair of target sites recognized and bound by the recombinase. One group of these enzymes, the serine recombinases, initiates strand exchange ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Marshall Stark W,Boocock MR,Olorunniji FJ,Rowland SJ

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The EMLs are a conserved family of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). The founding member was discovered in sea urchins as a 77-kDa polypeptide that co-purified with microtubules. This protein, termed EMAP for echinoderm MAP, was the major non-tubulin component present in purified microtubule preparations made fr...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Fry AM,O'Regan L,Montgomery J,Adib R,Bayliss R

更新日期：2016-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The CPC (chromosomal passenger complex) performs essential roles in the regulation and co-ordination of chromosomal and cytoskeletal events during mitosis and meiosis. The first functional analyses showed evidence of a role of the CPC in the regulation of cytokinesis. In this review, I summarize what we have learned s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Carmena M

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitochondrial outer membrane separates the intermembrane space from the cytosol. The whole exchange of metabolites, cations and information between mitochondria and the cell occurs through the outer membrane. Experimental evidence is reviewed supporting the hypothesis of dynamic ADP compartmentation within the int...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gellerich FN,Trumbeckaite S,Opalka JR,Seppet E,Rasmussen HN,Neuhoff C,Zierz S

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The driving force of the cell cycle is the activities of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Key steps in the regulation of the cell cycle therefore must impinge upon the activities of the CDKs. CDKs exert their functions when bound to cyclins that are expressed cyclically during the cell cycle. Polyamine biosynthesis va...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Oredsson SM

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microvilli are found on the apical surface of epithelial cells. Recent studies on the microvillar proteins ezrin and EBP50 (ezrin/radixin/moesin-binding phosphoprotein of 50 kDa) have revealed both the dynamics and the regulation of microvillar components, and how a dynamic ezrin phosphocycle is necessary to confine m...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Viswanatha R,Bretscher A,Garbett D

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The production of dihydrogen by Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae is one of the classic features of mixed-acid fermentation. Synthesis of the multicomponent, membrane-associated FHL (formate hydrogenlyase) enzyme complex, which disproportionates formate into CO(2) and H(2), has an absolute r...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sawers RG

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas we have a profound understanding about the function and biogenesis of the protein constituents in the lumen of the lysosomal compartment, much less is known about the functions of proteins of the lysosomal membrane. Proteomic analyses of the lysosomal membrane suggest that, apart from the well-known lysosomal ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Saftig P,Schröder B,Blanz J

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The MEK5 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase 5]/ERK5 pathway is the least well studied MAPK signalling module. It has been proposed to play a role in the pathology of cancer. In the present paper, we review the role of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway using the 'hallmarks o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lochhead PA,Gilley R,Cook SJ

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In interphase plant cells, the actin cytoskeleton is essential for intracellular transport and organization. To fully understand how the actin cytoskeleton functions as the structural basis for cytoplasmic organization, both molecular and physical aspects of the actin organization have to be considered. In the present...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ketelaar T,van der Honing HS,Emons AM

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the amyloidogenic pathway, the APP (amyloid precursor protein) is proteolytically processed by the beta- and gamma-secretases to release the Abeta (amyloid-beta) peptide that is neurotoxic and aggregates in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. In the non-amyloidogenic pathway, APP is cleaved b...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hooper NM

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To maintain genomic stability, despite constant exposure to agents that damage DNA, eukaryotic cells have developed elaborate and highly conserved pathways of DNA damage sensing, signalling and repair. In this review, we concentrate mainly on what we know about DNA damage sensing with particular reference to Lcd1p, a ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bradbury JM,Jackson SP

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00