Use of a systems biology approach to understand pancreatic beta-cell death in Type 1 diabetes.

abstract：:Biophysical techniques developed during the last three decades have provided an increasingly detailed description of the internal processes associated with ligand capture and release by haem proteins. Myoglobin has long been the paradigm for these studies. More recently, cytochrome P450cam (the camphor-metabolizing cy...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lavalette D,Tétreau C,Mouawad L

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Classical tissue engineering is aimed mainly at producing anatomically and physiologically realistic replacements for normal human tissues. It is done either by encouraging cellular colonization of manufactured matrices or cellular recolonization of decellularized natural extracellular matrices from donor organs, or b...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Davies JA,Cachat E

更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Bioprocess monitoring is used to track the progress of a cell culture and ensure that the product quality is maintained. Current schemes for monitoring metabolism rely on offline measurements of samples of the extracellular medium. However, in the era of synthetic biology, it is now possible to design and implement bi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Constantinou A,Polizzi KM

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:JAK (Janus kinase) 2 plays a critical role in signal transduction through several cytokine receptors. JAKs contain a typical tyrosine kinase domain preceded by a pseudokinase [JH2 (JAK homology 2)] domain which has been considered to be catalytically inactive. Identification of activating mutations in the JH2 domain o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Silvennoinen O,Ungureanu D,Niranjan Y,Hammaren H,Bandaranayake R,Hubbard SR

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, there have been significant advancements in dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) for biological applications. With frequency modulation AFM (FM-AFM), subnanometer-scale surface structures of biomolecules such as secondary structures of proteins, phosphate groups of DNAs, and lipid-ion complexes have be...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Fukuma T

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Assembly of ribonucleoprotein complexes is a facilitated quality-controlled process that typically includes modification to the RNA component from precursor to mature form. The SRP (signal recognition particle) is a cytosolic ribonucleoprotein that catalyses protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum. Assembly of ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Leung E,Brown JD

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ubiquitination is a fundamental post-translational modification that regulates almost all aspects of cellular signalling and is ultimately catalysed by the action of E3 ubiquitin ligases. The RING-between-RING (RBR) family of E3 ligases encompasses 14 distinct human enzymes that are defined by a unique domain organisa...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cotton TR,Lechtenberg BC

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein ubiquitination and protein phosphorylation are two fundamental regulatory post-translational modifications controlling intracellular signalling events. However, the ubiquitin system is vastly more complex compared with phosphorylation. This is due to the ability of ubiquitin to form polymers, i.e. ubiquitin ch...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Komander D

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many plant viral RNAs lack the 5'-cap structure that is required on all host mRNAs for interacting with essential translation initiation factors. Instead, uncapped viral RNAs take over the host translation machinery by harbouring sequences that functionally replace the 5'-cap. Recent reports reveal at least eight diff...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Miller WA,Wang Z,Treder K

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial cellular metabolism is renowned for its metabolic diversity and adaptability. However, certain environments present particular challenges. Aerobic metabolism of highly reduced carbon substrates by soil bacteria such as Paracoccus pantotrophus presents one such challenge since it may result in excessive elect...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gates AJ,Butler CS,Richardson DJ,Butt JN

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interaction of chemokines and GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) on endothelial surfaces is a crucial step for establishing a chemotactic gradient which leads to the functional presentation of chemokines to their GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) and thus to activation of approaching leucocytes. Based on molecular modell...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Potzinger H,Geretti E,Brandner B,Wabitsch V,Piccinini AM,Rek A,Kungl AJ

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is an unusual protein serine/threonine kinase that, unlike most of its 500-odd relatives in the genome, is active under resting conditions and is inactivated upon cell stimulation. The two mammalian isoforms, GSK-3alpha and beta, play largely overlapping roles and have been implicated in a v...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Patel S,Doble B,Woodgett JR

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human CD4 T helper lymphocytes can be subdivided into at least three distinct functional subsets on the basis of their cytokine secretion profiles. One type of CD4+ lymphocyte, T helper 1 (Th1), produces interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor beta, a second type (Th2) produces interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 an...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Piccinni MP,Maggi E,Romagnani S

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Squalene epoxidase (Erg1p) is an essential enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in yeast. For its enzymatic activity, Erg1p requires molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H and FAD. Amino acid analysis and sequence alignment with other squalene epoxidases revealed two highly conserved FAD-binding domains, FAD I and FAD II....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ruckenstuhl C,Eidenberger A,Lang S,Turnowsky F

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipoprotein oxidation is thought to play a pivotal role in the evolution of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main source of oxidized lipid in the arterial wall. Oxidation of LDL alters its properties in a number of ways, making it more atherogenic, but oxidation of other lipoprotein classes may al...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Young IS,McFarlane C,McEneny J

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated serum chemokines for their suitability as markers of atherosclerosis development in apoE (apolipoprotein E)-deficient ((-/-)) mice. Female C3H apoE(-/-) and C57BL apoE(-/-) mice were fed on either diet W (Western diet; 6 weeks) or normal rodent diet (12 weeks). Serum lipids (0, 6 and 12 weeks) and...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Parkin SL,Pritchett JP,Grimsditch DC,Bruckdorfer KR,Sahota PK,Lloyd A,Overend P,Benson GM

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:FtsK is a multifunctional protein, which, in Escherichia coli, co-ordinates the essential functions of cell division, DNA unlinking and chromosome segregation. Its C-terminus is a DNA translocase, the fastest yet characterized, which acts as a septum-localized DNA pump. FtsK's C-terminus also interacts with the XerCD ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Grainge I

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Virtual screening is being routinely used as an integral part of today's hit-identification strategies for, on one hand, prioritizing large corporate screening collections and, on the other hand, to extend the scope of screening to external databases. A brief description of the essential elements required for virtual ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mestres J

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), present in the extracellular matrix, are exploited by numerous, distinct microbes for cellular attachment, adhesion, invasion and evasion of the host immune system. Glycosaminoglycans, including the widely used, clinical anticoagulant heparin and semi-synthetic analogues thereof, have been r...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mycroft-West CJ,Yates EA,Skidmore MA

更新日期：2018-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Findings from gene expression profiling studies are leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that can be applied in medical practice, especially in the field of oncology. Promising results of gene expression profiling of the peripheral blood in patients with ischaemic stroke have been obtained in recent pi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Baird AE

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NMDARs (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) are considered to be a target for the inhibitory actions of ethanol. While profound inhibition of both native and recombinant NMDARs can be observed following the application of high concentrations of ethanol the levels of inhibition seen with lower concentrations of ethanol are...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Otton HJ,Janssen A,Wyllie DJ

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unr (upstream of N-ras) is a eukaryotic RNA-binding protein that has a number of roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Originally identified as an activator of internal initiation of picornavirus translation, it has since been shown to act as an activator and inhibitor of cellular translatio...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ray S,Catnaigh PÓ,Anderson EC

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delineating the molecular pathways underlying seizure-induced neuronal death may yield novel strategies for brain protection against prolonged or repetitive seizures. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and necrosis is a primary contributing mechanism but seizures also activate programmed (apoptotic) cell death pathways...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Henshall DC

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After years of setbacks, the perspective of neuroprotective stroke therapy has revived in light of recent study results. We outline in this review how a neuroprotective candidate drug should be developed, beginning with a thorough preclinical evaluation according to the STAIR (Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtab...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Schäbitz WR,Fisher M

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Copper chaperones, soluble copper-binding proteins, are essential for ensuring proper distribution of copper to cellular compartments and to proteins requiring copper prosthetic groups. They are found in all eukaryotic organisms. Orthologues of the three copper chaperones characterized in yeast, ATX1, CCS and COX17, a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wintz H,Vulpe C

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is strong evidence for an important role for increased COX (cyclo-oxygenase)-2 expression and PG (prostaglandin) E2 production in colorectal tumorigenesis. PGE(2) acts through four E-prostanoid receptors (EP1-4). COX-2 has therefore become a target for the potential chemoprevention and therapy of colorectal canc...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chell S,Patsos HA,Qualtrough D,H-Zadeh AM,Hicks DJ,Kaidi A,Witherden IR,Williams AC,Paraskeva C

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Congenital malformations are major causes of disease and death during the first years of life and, most of the time, functional replacement of the missing or damaged organs remains an unmet clinical need. Particularly relevant for the treatment of congenital malformation would be to collect the stem cells at diagnosis...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： De Coppi P

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphorylation by protein kinases is a fundamental mechanism of signal transduction. Many kinase families contain one or several members that, although evolutionarily conserved, lack the residues required for catalytic activity. Studies combining structural, biochemical, and functional approaches revealed that these ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Elías-Villalobos A,Fort P,Helmlinger D

更新日期：2019-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The respiratory complex I (electrogenic NADH:quinone oxidoreductase) has been considered to act exclusively as a H+ pump. This was questioned when the search for the NADH-driven respiratory Na+ pump in Klebsiella pneumoniae initiated by Peter Dimroth led to the discovery of a Na+-translocating complex in this enteroba...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Steffen W,Steuber J

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PABPs [poly(A)-binding proteins] bind to the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNAs and are conserved in species ranging from yeast to human. The prototypical cytoplasmic member, PABP1, is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein with roles in global and mRNA-specific translation and stability, consistent with a function as a ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Smith RW,Blee TK,Gray NK

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00