Abstract：
:Mice devoid of the original uncoupling protein UCP1 have provided opportunities to delineate UCP1 function in a series of biochemical and physiological contexts. The isolated brown-fat mitochondria from such mice are fully coupled (without the addition of GDP), but still exhibit a depressed capacity for ATP synthesis. However, they only show a 2-fold decrease in sensitivity to the de-energizing effect of free fatty acids, compared with UCP1-containing mitochondria, whereas they possess a (UCP1-independent) 50-fold higher sensitivity than liver mitochondria; the fatty acid sensitivities in wild-type and UCP1-deficient mitochondria may, however, be of different natures. Despite the fact that brown-fat cells from UCP1-ablated mice cannot produce heat when stimulated by noradrenaline ('norepinephrine') or fatty acids, UCP1-ablated mice can be induced to tolerate extended cold exposure, but the heat then fully results from shivering thermogenesis. Recruitable or adaptive (by cold acclimation or adaptation to a cafeteria diet) adrenergically-stimulated thermogenesis does not exist in the UCP1-ablated animals, demonstrating the unique ability of UCP1 to mediate recruitable non-shivering thermogenesis. In addition to information on the function of UCP1, the UCP1-ablated mice can be used to gain information concerning the function of the UCP1 homologues. Thus whereas an uncoupling function of the UCP1 homologues cannot be excluded, UCP1-ablated animals clearly lack any ability to recruit any UCP1 homologue to functionally replace the loss of thermogenesis resulting from UCP1. UCP1 (thermogenin) thus remains the only protein the activity of which can be recruited for the purpose of facultative thermogenesis.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Nedergaard J,Golozoubova V,Matthias A,Shabalina I,Ohba K,Ohlson K,Jacobsson A,Cannon Bdoi
10.1042/0300-5127:0290756keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-11-01 00:00:00pages
756-63issue
Pt 6eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Protein biochips are emerging in two distinct formats. The first involves high-density immobilized arrays of recognition molecules (e.g. antibodies), where target binding is monitored indirectly (e.g. via fluorescence). This technology is in its infancy, being limited by the availability of suitable binding molecules ...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is an indispensable tool for elucidating the structure and dynamics of insoluble and non-crystalline biomolecules. The recent advances in the sensitivity-enhancing technique magic-angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization (MAS-DNP) have substantially expanded the territ...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST20191084
更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Allostery is a biological phenomenon of critical importance in metabolic regulation and cell signalling. The fundamental premise of classical models that describe allostery is that structure mediates 'action at a distance'. Recently, this paradigm has been challenged by the enrichment of IDPs (intrinsically disordered...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20120163
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The process of tRNA splicing entails removal of an intron by TSEN (tRNA-splicing endonuclease) and ligation of the resulting exon halves to generate functional tRNAs. In mammalian cells, the RNA kinase CLP1 (cleavage and polyadenylation factor I subunit) associates with TSEN and phosphorylates the 3' exon at the 5' en...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST20130025
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:TRP (transient receptor potential) channels comprise a superfamily of non-selective cation channels with at least seven subfamilies. The variety of subfamilies corresponds to the differences in the activation mechanisms and functions. TRPM3 (TRP melastatin 3) and TRPV4 (TRP vanilloid 3) have been characterized as cati...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0350091
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evolution of proteins is inseparably linked to their function. Because most biological processes involve a number of different proteins, it may become impossible to study the evolutionary properties of proteins in isolation. In the present article, we show how simple mechanistic models of biological processes can ...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST0370762
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipoprotein oxidation is thought to play a pivotal role in the evolution of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main source of oxidized lipid in the arterial wall. Oxidation of LDL alters its properties in a number of ways, making it more atherogenic, but oxidation of other lipoprotein classes may al...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/bst0311062
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Homologous recombination is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis in most sexual organisms. Meiotic recombination is initiated by the formation of DSBs (DNA double-strand breaks) made by the Spo11 protein. We review here recent findings pertaining to protein-protein interactions important for DS...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0340523
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The CPC (chromosomal passenger complex) performs essential roles in the regulation and co-ordination of chromosomal and cytoskeletal events during mitosis and meiosis. The first functional analyses showed evidence of a role of the CPC in the regulation of cytokinesis. In this review, I summarize what we have learned s...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0360367
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the discovery of the essential role of the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) for the membrane insertion of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) that are unrelated in sequence, members of this universally conserved family dominate discussions on OMP assembly in bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. However, several ...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20160003
更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The Rho/Rop small GTPase regulatory module is central for initiating exocytotically ACDs (active cortical domains) in plant cell cortex, and a growing array of Rop regulators and effectors are being discovered in plants. Structural membrane phospholipids are important constituents of cells as well as signals, and phos...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0380723
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:LRRK2 mutation is the most common inherited, autosomal dominant cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has also been observed in sporadic cases. Most mutations result in increased LRRK2 kinase activity. LRRK2 is highly expressed in brain regions that receive dense, convergent innervation by dopaminergic and glutamaterg...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20180468
更新日期：2018-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：:PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST0350281
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sorting of activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within the multivesicular body (MVB) is an essential step during the down-regulation of the receptor. The machinery that drives EGFR sorting attaches to the cytoplasmic face of the endosome and generates vesicles that bud in...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20170443
更新日期：2018-10-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Colon cancer in humans is influenced by both genetic and dietary risk factors. The majority of colon cancers have somatic mutations in the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) tumour-suppressor gene. Dietary arginine enhances the risk of APC-dependent colon carcinogenesis in mouse models by a mechanism involving NOS2 (nit...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST0350322
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) belongs to a family of three known betaine lipids. It is synthesized by a number of bacteria, fungi, brown, red and green algae, in addition to lichens, and is also found in higher plants Bryophyta, Equisetophyta and Polydiophyta. It has been determined that DGTS plants ...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 26S proteasome is a non-lysosomal protease in the cytosol and nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Its main function is to mediate ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The 26S proteasome is a multimeric complex composed by the 20S proteasome CP (core particle) and the 19S RPs (regulatory particles). Although the atomic struct...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST0380029
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have identified three groups of growth-constraint genes using mosaic genetic screens in Drosophila melanogaster, including PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes, Tsc1 and Tsc2. Our studies show that all three groups of genes participate in m...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/bst0310584
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:cAMP is an essential signalling molecule whose concentration in cells is regulated by a wide range of hormones. A large number of diseases, including cancer and asthma, are linked to improper regulation of the cAMP signalling system, and manipulation of cAMP levels by pharmaceutical agents has proven therapeutic benef...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20051327
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resistance-exercise training results in a progressive increase in muscle mass and force production. Following an acute bout of resistance exercise, the rate of protein synthesis increases proportionally with the increase in protein degradation, correlating at 3 h in the starved state. Amino acids taken immediately bef...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0351314
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling pathway functions as a nutrient sensor, both in individual cells and, more globally, in organs such as the fat body in Drosophila and the hypothalamus in the rat. The activity of placental amino acid transporters is decreased in IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction)...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0370295
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix is a dynamic process, mediated by a series of cell-surface and matrix-associated molecules that interact with each other in a spatially and temporally regulated manner. These interactions play a major role in tissue formation, cellular migration and the induction of ad...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0320416
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In plants, the spatial arrangement of cells within tissues and organs is a direct consequence of the positioning of the new cell walls during cell division. Since the nineteenth century, scientists have proposed rules to explain the orientation of plant cell divisions. Most of these rules predict the new wall will fol...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST20200529
更新日期：2020-12-18 00:00:00
abstract：:In plant and metazoan, Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins play key roles in regulating developmental processes by repression of gene expression. PcG proteins function as multi-protein complexes; among them the best characterized ones are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2. PRC2 catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 tri...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20170576
更新日期：2018-08-20 00:00:00
abstract：:The lack or excess of the protein tau can be deleterious for neurons. The absence of tau can result in retarded neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation, although adult mice deficient in tau are viable, probably because of the compensation of the loss of tau by other MAPs (microtubule-associated proteins). On the con...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20120006
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A novel strategy to treat anxiety and fear-related disorders such as phobias, panic and PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) is combining CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy), including extinction-based exposure therapy, with cognitive enhancers. By targeting and boosting mechanisms underlying learning, drug developme...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST20130233
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We study how mechanical forces integrate spatially and temporally with regulatory signals at the leading edge of migrating cells. To probe the dynamics of this system, we developed quantitative fluorescent speckle microscopy, which maps out actin cytoskeleton transport, assembly and disassembly with high spatial resol...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/BST20051250
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Copper chaperones, soluble copper-binding proteins, are essential for ensuring proper distribution of copper to cellular compartments and to proteins requiring copper prosthetic groups. They are found in all eukaryotic organisms. Orthologues of the three copper chaperones characterized in yeast, ATX1, CCS and COX17, a...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/bst0300732
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:RNase A (1 mM) was incubated with glucose (0.4 M) at 37 degrees C for up to 14 days in phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 7.4), digested with trypsin and analysed by LC-MS. The major sites of fructoselysine formation were Lys(1), Lys(7), Lys(37) and Lys(41). Three of these sites (Lys(7), Lys(37) and Lys(41)) were also the ma...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1042/bst0311426
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malaria during pregnancy is caused when parasite-infected erythrocytes accumulate within the placenta through interactions between the VAR2CSA protein on the infected erythrocyte surface and placental CSPGs (chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans). This interaction is the major target for therapeutics to treat or prevent p...
journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1042/BST0381337
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
