New strategies for cartilage regeneration exploiting selected glycosaminoglycans to enhance cell fate determination.

abstract：:PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ito K

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD spectroscopy is an established and valuable technique for examining protein structure, dynamics and folding. Because of its ability to sensitively detect conformational changes, it has important potential for drug discovery, enabling screening for ligand and drug binding, and detection of potential candidates for n...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wallace BA,Janes RW

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The secretin receptor is prototypic of Class II GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors), based on its structural and functional characteristics and those of its natural agonist ligand. Secretin represents a linear 27-residue peptide with diffuse pharmacophoric domain. The secretin receptor includes the typical signature s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Miller LJ,Dong M,Harikumar KG,Gao F

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play crucial roles in cellular processes, such as nutrient uptake, drug resistance, cell-volume regulation and others. Despite their importance, all proposed molecular models for transport are based on indirect evidence, i.e. functional interpretation of static crystal structure...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Husada F,Gouridis G,Vietrov R,Schuurman-Wolters GK,Ploetz E,de Boer M,Poolman B,Cordes T

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribonucleic acids are driving a multitude of biological processes where they act alone or in complex with proteins (ribonucleoproteins, RNP). To understand these processes both structural and mechanistic information about RNA is necessary. Due to their conformational plasticity RNA pose a challenge for mainstream stru...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sreemantula AK,Marchanka A

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is the causative agent of chicken pox (varicella) and shingles (zoster). Although considered benign diseases, both varicella and zoster can cause complications. Zoster is painful and can lead to post herpetic neuralgia. VZV has also been linked to stroke, related to giant cell arteritis in...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Oliver SL,Zhou M,Arvin AM

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abnormal protein aggregation and intracellular or extracellular accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins are key events in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress and impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system probably contribute to neurodegenerat...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Haapasalo A,Viswanathan J,Bertram L,Soininen H,Tanzi RE,Hiltunen M

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tyrosine kinases are signaling molecules that are common to all metazoans and are involved in the regulation of many cellular processes such as proliferation and survival. While most attention has been devoted to tyrosine kinases signaling at the plasma membrane and the cytosol, very little attention has been dedicate...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Farhan H

更新日期：2020-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent findings that some 24 inherited diseases and anomalies are caused by defects in proteins of the NE (nuclear envelope) and lamina have resulted in a fundamental reassessment of the functions of the NE and underlying lamina. Instead of just regarding the NE and lamina as a molecular filtering device, regulating t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cohen TV,Hernandez L,Stewart CL

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With >800 members, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of cell-surface signalling proteins, and their activation mediates diverse physiological processes. GPCRs are ubiquitously distributed across all cell types, involved in many diseases and are major drug targets. However, GPCR drug discovery i...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ellisdon AM,Halls ML

更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological diversity in marine OMZs (oxygen minimum zones) is dominated by a complex community of bacteria and archaea whose anaerobic metabolisms mediate key steps in global nitrogen and carbon cycles. Molecular and physiological studies now confirm that OMZs also support diverse micro-organisms capable of utilizing ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Stewart FJ

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The overall effects of oestrogen on the vasculature are beneficial as a result of its antioxidant properties and ability to enhance relaxation by modulating synthesis of endothelium-derived vasodilators and smooth-muscle cell Ca2+ signalling. Although the protective effects of oestrogen are well accepted, only limited...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ruehlmann DO,Mann GE

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mRNA coding for FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor 2), a major angiogenic factor, is translated by an IRES (internal ribosome entry site)-dependent mechanism. We have studied the role of the IRES in the regulation of FGF-2 expression in vivo, under pathophysiological conditions, by creating transgenic mice lines expr...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gonzalez-Herrera IG,Prado-Lourenco L,Teshima-Kondo S,Kondo K,Cabon F,Arnal JF,Bayard F,Prats AC

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have described a large number of different mutations in the LPL gene that result in completely catalytically defective LPL protein. More recently exonic polymorphisms in the LPL gene have been described that do not result in the catalytic activity of LPL being significantly impaired. Furthermore we have recently de...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hayden MR,Kastelein JJ,Funke H,Brunzell JD,Ma Y

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Yeast cells rely on the SPS-sensing pathway to respond to extracellular amino acids. This nutrient-induced signal transduction pathway regulates gene expression by controlling the activity of two redundant transcription factors: Stp1 and Stp2. These factors are synthesized as latent cytoplasmic proteins with N-termina...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ljungdahl PO

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human prostate expresses very high concentrations of annexins 1, 4, and 5 and secretes high concentrations of annexins 1 and 5. Although the biological roles of these proteins in prostate secretions are not known, these studies emphasize the need to consider extracellular sites for physiological functions of annex...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Haigler HT,Christmas P

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vascular endothelium, adherens junctions between endothelial cells are composed of VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin), an adhesive receptor that is crucial for the proper assembly of vascular structures and the maintenance of vascular integrity. As a classical cadherin, VE-cadherin links endothelial cells ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Taveau JC,Dubois M,Le Bihan O,Trépout S,Almagro S,Hewat E,Durmort C,Heyraud S,Gulino-Debrac D,Lambert O

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix is a dynamic process, mediated by a series of cell-surface and matrix-associated molecules that interact with each other in a spatially and temporally regulated manner. These interactions play a major role in tissue formation, cellular migration and the induction of ad...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Zaidel-Bar R,Cohen M,Addadi L,Geiger B

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The collagens of vertebrates may be divided into three groups according to chain size and whether or not the helical domains are continuous. Present evidence suggests that, at least within one of these groups, similarity between collagens is reflected in the organization of the genes that encode them. Early evidence s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dalgleish R

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order for cells to divide in a proficient manner, they must first double their biomass, which is considered to be the main rate-limiting phase of cell proliferation. Cell growth requires an abundance of energy and biosynthetic precursors such as lipids and amino acids. Consequently, the energy and nutrient status o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dunlop EA,Tee AR

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells requires the kinesin-1/Kif5B-mediated transport of insulin granules along microtubules. 5'-AMPK (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase which is activated in beta-cells at low glucose concentrations, but inhibited as ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： McDonald A,Fogarty S,Leclerc I,Hill EV,Hardie DG,Rutter GA

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An extraordinary array of P450 (cytochrome P450) enzymes are encoded on the genome of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and in related mycobacteria and actinobacteria. These include the first characterized sterol 14alpha-demethylase P450 (CYP51), a known target for azole and triazole drugs in yeasts ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： McLean KJ,Dunford AJ,Sabri M,Neeli R,Girvan HM,Balding PR,Leys D,Seward HE,Marshall KR,Munro AW

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Invertebrates use a wide range of peptides as transmitters and hormones to regulate complex behaviour, physiology and development. These animals, especially those that are amenable to genetic study and are the subject of genome-sequencing projects, provide powerful model systems for understanding the functions of pept...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Isaac RE,Siviter RJ,Stancombe P,Coates D,Shirras AD

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocytosis of transmembrane receptors largely occurs via clathrin-coated vesicles that bud from the plasma membrane and deliver their cargo to the endosomal system for recycling or degradation. PIs (phosphoinositides) control the timing and localization of endocytic membrane trafficking by recruiting adaptors and oth...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Haucke V

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:14-3-3 proteins are involved in signalling processes in neuronal cells. Using isoform-specific antibodies we have examined the variation in 14-3-3 isoform neurolocation in normal and scrapie-infected murine brain and show that in defined areas of the brain there are significant changes associated with the pathology of...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Baxter HC,Fraser JR,Liu WG,Forster JL,Clokie S,Steinacker P,Otto M,Bahn E,Wiltfang J,Aitken A

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After years of setbacks, the perspective of neuroprotective stroke therapy has revived in light of recent study results. We outline in this review how a neuroprotective candidate drug should be developed, beginning with a thorough preclinical evaluation according to the STAIR (Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtab...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Schäbitz WR,Fisher M

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway is one of the commonest oncogenic events in human cancer. AKT is a key mediator of PI3K oncogenic function, and thus has been intensely pursued as a therapeutic target. Multiple AKT inhibitors, broadly classified as either ATP-competitive or allosteric, are currently in various ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lazaro G,Kostaras E,Vivanco I

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:High glucose inhibits mitochondrial respiration, known as the 'Crabtree effect', in cancer cells and possibly other cell types. The upstream pathways regulating this phenomenon are poorly understood. In diabetes, where glucose levels are elevated, the p90(RSK) (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) has received much attention as a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Redman EK,Brookes PS,Karcz MK

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4+ effector T cells effectuate T cell immune responses, producing cytokines to orchestrate the nature and type of immune responses. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase IL-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK), a mediator of T cell Receptor signaling, plays a critical role in tuning the development of these effector cells. In...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Elmore JP,McGee MC,Nidetz NF,Anannya O,Huang W,August A

更新日期：2020-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Colicins are protein antibiotics produced by Escherichia coli to kill closely related non-identical competing species. They have taken advantage of the promiscuity of several proteins in the cell envelope for entry into the bacterial cell. The Tol-Pal system comprises one such ensemble of periplasmic and membrane-asso...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Penfold CN,Li C,Zhang Y,Vankemmelbeke M,James R

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00