Inductive activity of recombinant human growth and differentiation factor-5.

abstract：:Collaborative communication lies at the centre of multicellular life. Gap junctions (GJs) are surface membrane structures that allow direct communication between cells. They were discovered in the 1960s following the convergence of the detection of low-resistance electrical interactions between cells and anatomical st...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Evans WH

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of small lipid-enclosed structures with myriad roles in physiology and disease. The recent surge of interest in EVs has led to greater understanding of their biology and appreciation of how they might be utilised as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. There remain, ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Clemmens H,Lambert DW

更新日期：2018-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Horses and other equids are unusual in producing protein-rich sweat for thermoregulation, a major component of which is latherin, a highly surface-active, non-glycosylated protein that is a member of the PLUNC (palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone) family. Latherin produces a significant reduction in water surface ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kennedy MW

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapid interphase chromosome territory repositioning appears to function through the action of nuclear myosin and actin, in a nuclear motor complex. We have found that chromosome repositioning when cells leave the cell cycle is not apparent in cells that have mutant lamin A or that are lacking emerin. We discuss the po...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mehta IS,Elcock LS,Amira M,Kill IR,Bridger JM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolation and purification of the [NiFe] hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F under aerobic conditions leads to a mixture of two states, Ni-A (unready) and Ni-B (ready). The two states are distinguished by different activation times and different EPR spectra. HYSCORE and ENDOR data and DFT calculations sho...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： van Gastel M,Fichtner C,Neese F,Lubitz W

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The FG (female gametophyte) of flowering plants (angiosperms) is a simple highly polar structure composed of only a few cell types. The FG develops from a single cell through mitotic divisions to generate, depending on the species, four to 16 nuclei in a syncytium. These nuclei are then partitioned into three or four ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lituiev DS,Grossniklaus U

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Photoreaction centres are Nature's solar batteries. These nanometre-scale power producers are responsible for transducing the energy of sunlight into a form that can be used by biological systems, thereby powering most of the biological activity on the planet. Although to the layman the word 'photosynthesis' is usuall...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jones MR

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:FtsK is a multifunctional protein, which, in Escherichia coli, co-ordinates the essential functions of cell division, DNA unlinking and chromosome segregation. Its C-terminus is a DNA translocase, the fastest yet characterized, which acts as a septum-localized DNA pump. FtsK's C-terminus also interacts with the XerCD ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Grainge I

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ito K

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzymes of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate/2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathway are targets for new herbicides and antibacterial drugs. Until now, no inhibitors for the DOXP synthase have been known of. We show that one of the breakdown products of the herbicide clomazone affects the DOXP synthase. O...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mueller C,Schwender J,Zeidler J,Lichtenthaler HK

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA; 1-acyl-3-phosphoglycerol) exerts its biological activity through both extracellular and intracellular targets. Receptor targets include the cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors LPA(1-4) and the nuclear PPAR-gamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma). Enzyme targets include...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Parrill AL

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The progression of Type 2 diabetes is accompanied by diminishing islet β-cell mass and function. It has been proposed that β-cells are lost not only through apoptosis, but also by dedifferentiating into progenitor-like cells. There is therefore much interest in the mechanisms which define and maintain β-cell identity....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pullen TJ,Rutter GA

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AS (alternative splicing) is a post-transcriptional process which regulates gene expression through increasing protein complexity and modulating mRNA transcript levels. Regulation of AS depends on interactions between trans-acting protein factors and cis-acting signals in the pre-mRNA (precursor mRNA) transcripts, ter...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Simpson CG,Manthri S,Raczynska KD,Kalyna M,Lewandowska D,Kusenda B,Maronova M,Szweykowska-Kulinska Z,Jarmolowski A,Barta A,Brown JW

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Loss of barrier function in the vasculature promotes inflammatory signalling which in turn contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease. cAMP can protect against endothelial dysfunction through the effectors PKA (protein kinase A) and Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP). The present review o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Parnell E,Yarwood SJ

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microscopes are used to characterize small objects with the help of probes that interact with the specimen, such as photons and electrons in optical and electron microscopies, respectively. In atomic force microscopy (AFM), the probe is a nanometric tip located at the end of a microcantilever which palpates the specim...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Moreno-Madrid F,Martín-González N,Llauró A,Ortega-Esteban A,Hernando-Pérez M,Douglas T,Schaap IA,de Pablo PJ

更新日期：2017-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The fission yeast septation initiation network, or SIN, is a signal transduction network that is required for septum formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Its activity is tightly regulated through the cell cycle, to ensure proper co-ordination of mitosis and cytokinesis. SIN signalling requires three protein kinases...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Krapp A,Simanis V

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vessel wall is a dynamic tissue that undergoes positive remodelling in response to altered mechanical stress. A typical example is vein graft remodelling, because veins do not develop arteriosclerosis until a vein segment is grafted on to arteries. In this process, it was observed that vascular endothelial and smo...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Xu Q

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AD (Alzheimer's disease) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the abnormal hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau and the misfolding and deposition of Abeta peptide. The mechanisms by which tau and Abeta become abnormal is not clearly understood, neither is it known ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cowan CM,Shepherd D,Mudher A

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After years of setbacks, the perspective of neuroprotective stroke therapy has revived in light of recent study results. We outline in this review how a neuroprotective candidate drug should be developed, beginning with a thorough preclinical evaluation according to the STAIR (Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtab...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Schäbitz WR,Fisher M

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The thermoacidophile crenarchaeote Sulfolobus ssp. is one of the best-studied Archaea. Cryptic and conjugative plasmids as well as viruses have been described for this genus. For the majority of the genetic elements only the genome sequence and the basic characteristics were determined. In contrast the fusellovirus SS...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lipps G

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trim25 is a member of the tripartite motif family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. It plays major roles in innate immunity and defence against viral infection, control of cell proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Recent work identified Trim25 as being able to bind to RNA and to regulate Lin28a-mediated uridylation of ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Heikel G,Choudhury NR,Michlewski G

更新日期：2016-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The MEK5 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase 5]/ERK5 pathway is the least well studied MAPK signalling module. It has been proposed to play a role in the pathology of cancer. In the present paper, we review the role of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway using the 'hallmarks o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lochhead PA,Gilley R,Cook SJ

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA degradation is a vital post-transcriptional process which ensures that transcripts are maintained at the correct level within the cell. DIS3L2 and XRN1 are conserved exoribonucleases that are critical for the degradation of cytoplasmic RNAs. Although the molecular mechanisms of RNA degradation by DIS3L2 and XRN1 h...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pashler AL,Towler BP,Jones CI,Newbury SF

更新日期：2016-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Diverse aetiologies result in significant deviation from homoeostasis in the kidney, leading to CKD (chronic kidney disease). CKD progresses to end-stage renal disease principally as a result of renal fibrosis, although the molecular mechanisms underlying this fibrotic process are still poorly understood. miRNAs (micr...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Jenkins RH,Martin J,Phillips AO,Bowen T,Fraser DJ

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a cobalt-containing modified tetrapyrrole that is an essential nutrient for higher animals. Its biosynthesis is restricted to certain bacteria and requires approximately 30 enzymatic steps for its complete de novo construction. Remarkably, two distinct biosynthetic pathways exist, which are ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Moore SJ,Warren MJ

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biophysical techniques developed during the last three decades have provided an increasingly detailed description of the internal processes associated with ligand capture and release by haem proteins. Myoglobin has long been the paradigm for these studies. More recently, cytochrome P450cam (the camphor-metabolizing cy...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lavalette D,Tétreau C,Mouawad L

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are subcellular regions where the membranes of distinct organelles come into close apposition. These specialized areas of the cell, which are involved in inter-organelle metabolite exchange, are scaffolded by specific complexes. STARD3 [StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein)-relate...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wilhelm LP,Tomasetto C,Alpy F

更新日期：2016-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a sediment organism capable of dissimilatory reduction of insoluble metal compounds such as those of Fe(II) and Mn(IV). This bacterium has been used as a model organism for potential applications in bioremediation of contaminated environments and in the production of energy in microbial f...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Louro RO,Paquete CM

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synapses, points of contact between axons and dendrites, are conduits for the flow of information in the circuitry of the central nervous system. The strength of synaptic transmission reflects the interconnectedness of the axons and dendrites at synapses; synaptic strength in turn is modified by the frequency with whi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Richter JD

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crystal structure data for Escherichia coli beta-ketoacyl synthase (KAS) I with C(10) and C(12) fatty acid substrates bound in conjunction with results from mutagenizing residues in the active site leads to a model for catalysis. Differences from and similarities to the other Claisen enzymes carrying out decarboxylati...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： von Wettstein-Knowles P,Olsen J,Arnvig Mcguire K,Larsen S

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00