Ten remarks on peptide bond formation on the ribosome.

abstract：:ESR1 is frequently silenced by CGI (CpG island) methylation, both in human colorectal tumours and, in an age-dependent manner, in healthy mucosa. It is not clear, however, whether methylation of individual cytosines occurs randomly within the epithelial genome, or preferentially within individual cells as an 'all-or-n...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Belshaw NJ,Elliott GO,Williams EA,Mathers JC,Buckley L,Bahari B,Johnson IT

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes represent a large superfamily that displays extraordinarily diverse substrate specificities. After a concise review about CYPs of the CYP1A subfamily, which plays a crucial role in procarcinogen activation, this paper presents segment-directed mutagenesis. This approach generates a librar...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Urban P,Jobert AS,Lainé R,Pompon D

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular pathogens survive in eukaryotic cells by evading a variety of host defences. To avoid degradation through the endocytic pathway, intracellular bacteria must adapt their phagosomes into protective compartments that promote bacterial replication. Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii are Gram-negati...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hardiman CA,McDonough JA,Newton HJ,Roy CR

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver disorders in industrialized countries. NAFLD develops in the absence of alcohol abuse and encompasses a wide spectrum of disorders ranging from benign fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH often leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cano A,Alonso C

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ets family of eukaryotic transcription factors is based around the conserved Ets DNA-binding domain. Although their DNA-binding selectivity is biochemically and structurally well characterized, structures of homodimeric and ternary complexes point to Ets domains functioning as versatile protein-interaction modules...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cooper CD,Newman JA,Gileadi O

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of regulated exocytosis uniquely allows the direct measurement of intracellular membrane fusion events in real time. We have exploited this to examine factors that regulate not only the extent but also the dynamics of single fusion/release events. The general strategy used has been to assess exocytosis in tr...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Burgoyne RD,Fisher RJ,Graham ME,Haynes LP,Morgan A

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene-poor human chromosomes are reproducibly found at the nuclear periphery in proliferating cells. There are a number of inner nuclear envelope proteins that may have roles in chromosome location and anchorage, e.g. emerin and A-type lamins. In the last decade, a number of diseases associated with tissue degeneration...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Meaburn KJ,Levy N,Toniolo D,Bridger JM

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As intracellular pathogens, enveloped viruses must usurp the host cell machinery for many stages of the viral life cycle in order to produce a new generation of infectious virions. In one of the less understood steps of viral assembly, viral components including the transmembrane glycoproteins, structural proteins and...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bruce EA,Stuart A,McCaffrey MW,Digard P

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown in glucose have larger average size than cells grown in ethanol. Besides, yeast must reach a carbon source-modulated critical cell size in order to enter S phase at Start. This control is of outmost physiological relevance, since it allows us to coordinate cell growth with cell cyc...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Vanoni M,Rossi RL,Querin L,Zinzalla V,Alberghina L

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial disorders are a group of genetic diseases affecting the energy-converting process of oxidative phosphorylation. The extreme variability of symptoms, organ involvement, and clinical course represent a challenge to the development of effective therapeutic interventions. However, new possibilities have rece...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Viscomi C

更新日期：2016-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the major goals of modern plant biotechnology is to manipulate lipid metabolism in oilseed crops to produce new and improved edible and industrial vegetable oils. Lipids constitute the structural components of cellular membranes and act as sources of energy for the germinating seed and are therefore essential t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Schnurr JA,Shockey J,Browse J

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ESCs (embryonic stem cells) are derived from the inner cell mass of pre-implantation embryos and are pluripotent, meaning they can differentiate into all of the cells that make up the adult organism. This property of pluripotency makes ESCs attractive as a model system for studying early development and for the genera...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Welham MJ,Kingham E,Sanchez-Ripoll Y,Kumpfmueller B,Storm M,Bone H

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present paper, we describe multiple levels of cross-talk between the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt and Ras/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling pathways. Experimental data and computer simulations demonstrate that cross-talk is context-dependent and that both pathways can activate or inhibi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Aksamitiene E,Kiyatkin A,Kholodenko BN

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activated tyrosine kinase receptors acquire ubiquitin tags. Ubiquitination governs receptor down-regulation through interaction with components of the endosomal ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery that shepherds receptors into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies en route to the l...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Urbé S,McCullough J,Row P,Prior IA,Welchman R,Clague MJ

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolism in vitro of [1-(14)C]linoleate, [1-(14)C]linolenate and their 9(S)-hydroperoxides in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) was found to be under the control of 9-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase, and directed towards alpha-ketol, gamma-ketol and the novel compound (12Z)-10-oxo-11-hydroxy-12-octadecadienoic ac...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Grechkin AN,Mukhtarova LS,Hamberg M

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mitotic spindle is the macromolecular machine utilized to accurately segregate chromosomes in cells. How this self-organized structure assembles is a key aspect of understanding spindle morphogenesis. In the present review, we focus on understanding mechanisms of spindle self-assembly and address how subcellular s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Weaver LN,Walczak CE

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sister-chromatid cohesion, thought to be primarily mediated by the cohesin complex, is essential for chromosome segregation. The forces holding the two sisters resist the tendency of microtubules to prematurely pull sister DNAs apart and thereby prevent random segregation of the genome during mitosis, and consequent a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Oliveira RA,Nasmyth K

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In interphase plant cells, the actin cytoskeleton is essential for intracellular transport and organization. To fully understand how the actin cytoskeleton functions as the structural basis for cytoplasmic organization, both molecular and physical aspects of the actin organization have to be considered. In the present...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ketelaar T,van der Honing HS,Emons AM

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is an important tumour-suppressor gene that encodes a 3-phosphatase. The major substrate of PTEN is PIP(3) (phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate) generated by the action of PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases). Hereditary mutation of PTEN causes tumour...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Suzuki A,Hamada K,Sasaki T,Mak TW,Nakano T

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proline-rich cell-penetrating peptides, particularly the SAP (sweet arrow peptide), (VRLPPP)(3), have been proposed to be useful intracellular delivery vectors, as a result of their lack of cytotoxicity combined with their capacity to be internalized by cells. A common limitation of the therapeutic use of peptides is ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pujals S,Sabidó E,Tarragó T,Giralt E

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fission yeast septation initiation network, or SIN, is a signal transduction network that is required for septum formation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Its activity is tightly regulated through the cell cycle, to ensure proper co-ordination of mitosis and cytokinesis. SIN signalling requires three protein kinases...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Krapp A,Simanis V

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) has been successfully used to modify seed lipids in oilseed crops like soybean, canola and sunflower. Conventionally, PTGS has been induced by transforming the plants with either antisense or co-suppression constructs targeted against key seed lipid biosynthesis genes. A majo...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Singh S,Green A,Stoutjesdijk P,Liu Q

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein ubiquitination and protein phosphorylation are two fundamental regulatory post-translational modifications controlling intracellular signalling events. However, the ubiquitin system is vastly more complex compared with phosphorylation. This is due to the ability of ubiquitin to form polymers, i.e. ubiquitin ch...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Komander D

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ito K

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurotrophins nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, NT-3 (neurotrophin 3) and NT-4 are known for regulating neuron development, function and survival. Beyond this, neurotrophins were found to exert multiple effects on non-neuronal cells such as immune cells, smooth muscle and epithelial cells. In...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rochlitzer S,Nassenstein C,Braun A

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagosomes form in eukaryotic cells in response to starvation or to other stress conditions brought about by the unwanted presence in the cytosol of pathogens, damaged organelles or aggregated protein assemblies. The uniqueness of autophagosomes is that they form de novo and that they are the only double-membraned...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ktistakis NT,Karanasios E,Manifava M

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The completely sequenced genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 contains several open reading frames, of which the deduced amino acid sequences show similarities to proteins known to be involved in FeS cluster synthesis of nitrogenase (Nif proteins) and other FeS proteins (Isc proteins). In this article, ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Seidler A,Jaschkowitz K,Wollenberg M

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most research strategies for cartilage tissue engineering use extended culture with complex media loaded with costly GFs (growth factors) to drive tissue assembly and yet they result in the production of cartilage with inferior mechanical and structural properties compared with the natural tissue. Recent evidence sugg...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ayerst BI,Day AJ,Nurcombe V,Cool SM,Merry CL

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The canonical structural motif for co-ordination of non-haem ferrous iron in metal-dependent oxygenases is a facial triad of two histidine residues and one aspartate or glutamate residue. This so-called 2-His-1-carboxylate metallocentre is often accommodated in a double-stranded beta-helix fold with the iron-co-ordina...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Leitgeb S,Nidetzky B

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seeds of rape (Brassica napus L.) were germinated at various NaCl concentrations up to 200 mM. Germinating levels, seedling growth, triacylglycerol mobilization and lipase activity were investigated. High salt concentrations resulted in retardation of seed germination. Seedling growth as measured by radicle length was...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ben Miled DD,Zarrouk M,Chérif A

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00