Spatial gradients controlling spindle assembly.

abstract：:Molecular bioenergetics deals with the construction, function and regulation of the powerhouses of life. The present overview sketches scenes and actors, farsighted goals and daring hypotheses, meticulous tool-making, painstaking benchwork, lucky discovery, serious scepticism, emphatic believing and strong characters ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Junge W

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quinone oxidoreductases are a class of membrane enzymes that catalyse the oxidation or reduction of membrane-bound quinols/quinones. The conversion of quinone/quinol by these enzymes is difficult to study because of the hydrophobic nature of the enzymes and their substrates. We describe some biochemical properties of ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Weiss SA,Jeuken LJ

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of the DNA-replication machinery of Archaea have revealed striking similarities to that of eukaryotes. Indeed, it appears that in most cases Archaea possess a simplified version of the eukaryotic replication apparatus. Studies of Archaea are therefore shedding light on the fundamental processes of DNA replicat...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dionne I,Robinson NP,McGeoch AT,Marsh VL,Reddish A,Bell SD

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipoprotein oxidation is thought to play a pivotal role in the evolution of atherosclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main source of oxidized lipid in the arterial wall. Oxidation of LDL alters its properties in a number of ways, making it more atherogenic, but oxidation of other lipoprotein classes may al...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Young IS,McFarlane C,McEneny J

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In cruciferous plants, the primary pre-rRNA cleavage site (P site) is immediately downstream of four similar, highly conserved sequences (A(1), A(2), A(3) and B) located within the 5'-ETS (5'-external transcribed spacer). In the present study, we describe the characterization of a plant NF D (nuclear factor D) that bi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sáez-Vasquez J,Caparros-Ruiz D,Barneche F,Echeverría M

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS) belongs to a family of three known betaine lipids. It is synthesized by a number of bacteria, fungi, brown, red and green algae, in addition to lichens, and is also found in higher plants Bryophyta, Equisetophyta and Polydiophyta. It has been determined that DGTS plants ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rozentsvet OA,Saksonov SV

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biochemical features of renin have been studied. Determination of the amino acid sequence and catalytically essential groups in the active sites of mouse submandibular gland revealed the similarity of renin with acid proteases. Yet stringent substrate specificity, neutral pH optimum of its enzyme activity and the uniq...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Inagami T,Misono KS,Chang JJ,Takii Y

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various investigators have identified the major domain organization of LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), which includes a GTPase ROC (Ras of complex proteins) domain followed by a COR (C-terminal of ROC) domain and a protein kinase domain. In addition, there are four domains composed of structural repeat motifs li...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mills RD,Mulhern TD,Cheng HC,Culvenor JG

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rapid interphase chromosome territory repositioning appears to function through the action of nuclear myosin and actin, in a nuclear motor complex. We have found that chromosome repositioning when cells leave the cell cycle is not apparent in cells that have mutant lamin A or that are lacking emerin. We discuss the po...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mehta IS,Elcock LS,Amira M,Kill IR,Bridger JM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:LRRK2 mutation is the most common inherited, autosomal dominant cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) and has also been observed in sporadic cases. Most mutations result in increased LRRK2 kinase activity. LRRK2 is highly expressed in brain regions that receive dense, convergent innervation by dopaminergic and glutamaterg...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Benson DL,Matikainen-Ankney BA,Hussein A,Huntley GW

更新日期：2018-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The examples shown here illustrate the power of gene targeting to the epidermis as a means of developing animal models for the study of human skin diseases. In this short review, I have focused on contributions which stem predominantly from my own laboratory [31, 32, 34, 37, 47]. However, other laboratories have also ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Fuchs E

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anaphase B spindle elongation plays an important role in chromosome segregation. In the present paper, we discuss our model for anaphase B in Drosophila syncytial embryos, in which spindle elongation depends on an ip (interpolar) MT (microtubule) sliding filament mechanism generated by homotetrameric kinesin-5 motors ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Brust-Mascher I,Scholey JM

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Starting shortly after parturition, and continuing throughout our lifetime, the gut microbiota coevolves with our metabolic and neurological programming. This symbiosis is regulated by a complex interplay between the host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Not surprisingly, the development of thi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chambers SA,Townsend SD

更新日期：2020-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the major goals of modern plant biotechnology is to manipulate lipid metabolism in oilseed crops to produce new and improved edible and industrial vegetable oils. Lipids constitute the structural components of cellular membranes and act as sources of energy for the germinating seed and are therefore essential t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Schnurr JA,Shockey J,Browse J

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The PDE4 (phosphodiesterase-4) enzyme family consists of a distinct array of N-terminal splice variant isoforms arising from four subfamily genes (4A, 4B, 4C and 4D). These all hydrolyse specifically the intracellular second messenger cAMP. Although identical in catalytic function, each isoform appears to serve a non-...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lynch MJ,Baillie GS,Houslay MD

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a novel, highly sensitive and selective method for the detection and quantification of acyl-CoA esters from Arabidopsis thaliana. Extracted acyl-CoA esters were derived to their fluorescent acyl-etheno-CoA esters, separated by ion-paired reversed-phase HPLC, and detected fluorometrically. We report the compo...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Larson TR,Graham IA

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:XRCC4 (X-ray cross-complementation group 4) and XLF (XRCC4-like factor) are two essential interacting proteins in the human NHEJ (non-homologous end-joining) pathway that repairs DNA DSBs (double-strand breaks). The individual crystal structures show that the dimeric proteins are homologues with protomers containing h...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wu Q,Ochi T,Matak-Vinkovic D,Robinson CV,Chirgadze DY,Blundell TL

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleosomes are actively positioned along DNA by ATP-dependent, chromatin remodelling factors. A structural model for the ISW1a chromatin remodelling factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in complex with a dinucleosome substrate was constructed from the X-ray structures of ISW1a (ΔATPase) with and without DNA bound, tw...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Richmond TJ

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeting of estrogen receptor is commonly used as a first-line treatment for hormone-positive breast cancer patients, and is considered as a keystone of systemic cancer therapy. Likewise, HER2-targeted therapy significantly improved the survival of HER2-positive breast cancer patients, indicating that targeted therap...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lev S

更新日期：2020-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ito K

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Beta galactosidases (BGALs) are glycosyl hydrolases that remove terminal β-D-galactosyl residues from β-D-galactosides. There are 17 predicted BGAL genes in the genomes of both Arabidopsis (BGAL1-17) and tomato (TBG1-17). All tested BGALs have BGAL activity but their distinct expression profiles and ancient phylogenet...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chandrasekar B,van der Hoorn RA

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PLUNC (palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone) proteins make up the largest branch of the BPI (bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein)/LBP (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) family of lipid-transfer proteins. PLUNCs make up one of the most rapidly evolving mammalian protein families and exhibit low levels of ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bingle CD,Bingle L,Craven CJ

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A combination of EXAFS, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray was used to conduct a molecular and atomic analysis of the uranium complexes formed by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The results demonstrate that this bacterium accumulates uranium as phosphate compounds. We suggest that at toxic le...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Merroun M,Hennig C,Rossberg A,Geipel G,Reich T,Selenska-Pobell S

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 26S proteasome is a non-lysosomal protease in the cytosol and nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Its main function is to mediate ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The 26S proteasome is a multimeric complex composed by the 20S proteasome CP (core particle) and the 19S RPs (regulatory particles). Although the atomic struct...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Matias AC,Ramos PC,Dohmen RJ

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proline-rich cell-penetrating peptides, particularly the SAP (sweet arrow peptide), (VRLPPP)(3), have been proposed to be useful intracellular delivery vectors, as a result of their lack of cytotoxicity combined with their capacity to be internalized by cells. A common limitation of the therapeutic use of peptides is ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pujals S,Sabidó E,Tarragó T,Giralt E

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated a novel gene (GLELO) from Mortierella alpina and its homologue (CEELO1) from Caenorhabditis elegans and demonstrate the involvement of their encoded proteins in the elongation of C(18) polyunsaturated fatty acids. ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Das T,Thurmond JM,Bobik E,Leonard AE,Parker-Barnes JM,Huang YS,Mukerji P

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human CD4 T helper lymphocytes can be subdivided into at least three distinct functional subsets on the basis of their cytokine secretion profiles. One type of CD4+ lymphocyte, T helper 1 (Th1), produces interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor beta, a second type (Th2) produces interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 an...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Piccinni MP,Maggi E,Romagnani S

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The most striking example of a complex prokaryotic intracytoplasmic organization can be found in the members of the phylum Planctomycetes. Among them are the anammox (anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing) bacteria, which possess a unique cell compartment with an unprecedented function in bacteria: the anammoxosome is a prokar...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Neumann S,Jetten MS,van Niftrik L

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently showed that transport of ergosterol from the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) to the sterol-enriched PM (plasma membrane) in yeast occurs by a non-vesicular (Sec18p-independent) mechanism that results in the equilibration of sterol pools in the two organelles [Baumann, Sullivan, Ohvo-Rekilä, Simonot, Pottekat, K...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sullivan DP,Ohvo-Rekilä H,Baumann NA,Beh CT,Menon AK

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a cellular energy sensor that monitors the ratio of AMP/ATP, and possibly also ADP/ATP, inside cells. Once activated by falling cellular energy levels, it acts to restore energy homoeostasis by switching on catabolic pathways that generate ATP, while switching off anabolic pathwa...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gowans GJ,Hardie DG

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00