Plasticity of the alpha4betadelta GABAA receptor.

Abstract:

:The GABAR [GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid type A) receptor], which mediates most inhibition in the brain, is regulated homoeostatically to maintain an optimal level of neuronal excitability. In particular, the alpha(4)betadelta subtype of the GABAR plays a pivotal role in this regulation. This receptor, which is expressed extrasynaptically on the dendrites, normally has low expression in the brain, but displays a remarkable degree of plasticity. It can also be a sensitive target for endogenous neurosteroids such as THP (3alpha-hydroxy-5[alpha]beta-pregnan-20-one (allo-pregnanolone); a neurosteroid and positive modulator of the GABAR), which is released during stress, although the effect of the steroid is polarity-dependent, such that it increases inward current, but decreases outward current, at alpha(4)beta(2)delta GABAR. Expression of alpha(4)beta(2)delta GABAR in CA1 hippocampus is also tightly regulated by fluctuating levels of neurosteroids, as seen at the onset of puberty. Declining levels of inhibition resulting from the decrease in THP at puberty are compensated for by an increase in alpha(4)betadelta GABAR along the apical dendrites of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells, which reduces neuronal excitability by decreasing the input resistance. However, excessive decrease of neuronal function is averted when THP levels rise, as would occur during stress, because this steroid decreases the outward GABAergic tonic current via inhibition of alpha(4)beta(2)delta GABAR, thereby restoring measures of neuronal excitability to pre-pubertal levels. Thus the homoeostatic regulation of alpha(4)betadelta GABAR expression plays an important role in maintaining ambient levels of neuronal excitability at puberty.

journal_name

Biochem Soc Trans

authors

Shen H,Smith SS

doi

10.1042/BST0371378

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2009-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1378-84

issue

Pt 6

eissn

0300-5127

issn

1470-8752

pii

BST0371378

journal_volume

37

pub_type

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