Abstract:
:Photosynthesis is fundamental to biomass production, but is a dynamic process sensitive to environmental constraints. In recent years, approaches to increase biomass and grain yield by altering photosynthetically related processes in the plant have received considerable attention. However, improving biomass yield requires a predictive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that allow photosynthesis to be adjusted. The important roles of metabolic reactions external to those directly involved in photosynthesis are highlighted in this review; however, our major focus is on the routes taken to improve photosynthetic carbon assimilation and to increase photosynthetic efficiency and consequently biomass yield.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Heyneke E,Fernie ARdoi
10.1042/BST20170296subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-17 00:00:00pages
321-328issue
2eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST20170296journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::We have shown that yeast mutants with defects in the Ada adaptor proteins are defective in hormone-dependent gene activation by ectopically expressed human glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Others have shown that the Ada2 protein is required for physical interactions between some activation domains and TBP (TATA-binding p...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing evidence supports the view that LDs (lipid droplets) are dynamic organelles that can serve both as an intracellular signalling compartment and as an organizing platform orchestrating many vital processes in eukaryotic cells. It has become clear that the LDs-confined deposition and lipolytic degradation of neut...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0371050
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::14-3-3 proteins are involved in signalling processes in neuronal cells. Using isoform-specific antibodies we have examined the variation in 14-3-3 isoform neurolocation in normal and scrapie-infected murine brain and show that in defined areas of the brain there are significant changes associated with the pathology of...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300387
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian vascular system consists of two distinct, but closely related, networks: the blood vasculature (itself divided into arterial and venous networks) and the lymphatic vasculature. EC (endothelial cell) lineage specification has been proposed to be determined during embryonic development, after which the ECs...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20110723
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The canonical structural motif for co-ordination of non-haem ferrous iron in metal-dependent oxygenases is a facial triad of two histidine residues and one aspartate or glutamate residue. This so-called 2-His-1-carboxylate metallocentre is often accommodated in a double-stranded beta-helix fold with the iron-co-ordina...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0361180
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Virtual screening is being routinely used as an integral part of today's hit-identification strategies for, on one hand, prioritizing large corporate screening collections and, on the other hand, to extend the scope of screening to external databases. A brief description of the essential elements required for virtual ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0300797
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) is an enzyme implicated in human disease, containing kinase and GTPase functions within the same multidomain open reading frame. Dominant mutations in the LRRK2 gene are the most common cause of familial PD (Parkinson's disease). Additionally, in genome-wide association studies, th...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120126
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing recognition that numerous neurodegenerative conditions have the same underlying pathogenetic mechanism, namely a change in protein conformation, where the beta-sheet content is increased. In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid deposition in the form of neuritic plaques and congophilic angiopathy is driven...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300574
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overall effects of oestrogen on the vasculature are beneficial as a result of its antioxidant properties and ability to enhance relaxation by modulating synthesis of endothelium-derived vasodilators and smooth-muscle cell Ca2+ signalling. Although the protective effects of oestrogen are well accepted, only limited...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0250040
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, I review three new structural studies from our laboratory. First, the crystal structure of RNA polymerase (Pol) II in complex with an RNA inhibitor revealed that this RNA blocks transcription initiation by preventing DNA loading into the active-centre cleft. Secondly, the structure of the SRI (Set2 Rpb1-interact...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0341058
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::BK (large conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium) channels are important determinants of physiological control in the nervous, endocrine and vascular systems with channel dysfunction associated with major disorders ranging from epilepsy to hypertension and obesity. Thus the mechanisms that control channe...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20120226
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional regulators exhibit changes in phosphorylation that are coincident with their roles in transcriptional activation. It is, however, unclear whether these changes occur as a cause of, or as a result of, transcriptional activation. In this paper, we explore the relationship between these t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0340794
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::CPPs (cell-penetrating peptides) have given rise to much interest for the delivery of biomolecules such as peptides, proteins or ONs (oligonucleotides). CPPs and their conjugates were initially thought to translocate through the cell membrane by a non-endocytotic mechanism which has recently been re-evaluated. Basic-a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350053
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::AD (Alzheimer's disease) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the abnormal hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of the microtubule-associated protein tau and the misfolding and deposition of Abeta peptide. The mechanisms by which tau and Abeta become abnormal is not clearly understood, neither is it known ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380988
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-free transcription-translation is an expanding field in synthetic biology as a rapid prototyping platform for blueprinting the design of synthetic biological devices. Exemplar efforts include translation of prototype designs into medical test kits for on-site identification of viruses (Zika and Ebola), while gene...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20170011
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The free energy landscape can provide a quantitative description of folding dynamics, if determined as a function of an optimally chosen reaction coordinate. The profile together with the optimal coordinate allows one to directly determine such basic properties of folding dynamics as the configurations of the minima a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140260
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inosine residues may be introduced into long dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) molecules by the action of a family of editing enzymes, ADARs (adenosine deaminases that act on RNA). Furthermore, hyperediting of dsRNA by ADARs may result in up to 50% of adenosine residues being converted into inosine. While the effect of hype...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0360534
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using the Edmonton protocol, a number of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus have remained insulin-independent for prolonged periods of time. In spite of this success, transplantation of islets from cadaver donors will remain a therapy for very few patients owing to a lack of donors. Thus, if cell therapy should be...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360272
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prelamin A is the precursor protein of lamin A, a major constituent of the nuclear lamina in higher eukaryotes. Increasing attention to prelamin A processing and function has been given after the discovery, from 2002 to 2004, of diseases caused by prelamin A accumulation. These diseases, belonging to the group of lami...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20110657
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Senescence is a tumour suppressor mechanism which is cell-intrinsically activated in the context of cellular stress. Senescence can further be propagated to neighbouring cells, a process called secondary senescence induction. Secondary senescence was initially shown as a paracrine response to the secretion of cytokine...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20190109
更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::The 'fusion peptides' of a group of enveloped viruses that includes influenza, paramyxo-, retro-and filo-viruses are N-terminal regions of their membrane fusion proteins generated by cleavage of non-functional precursors. For the influenza membrane fusion protein, haemagglutinin (HA), the three-dimensional structures ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0290623
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large single crystals (up to 1 mm in each dimension) of the B800-850 antenna complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050 have been grown in the presence of beta-octyl-glucoside. These crystals have the space group R32 and unit cell dimensions of a = b = 119.9 A and c = 297.0 A. Recently we have improved our ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0210039
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on those enzymes and electron-transfer proteins involved in the catabolism of 'C1' substrates in methylotrophic bacteria have provided a wealth of information concerning the transfer of electrons and hydrogen by quantum tunnelling mechanisms. With regard to H-transfer, studies with MADH have provided the first...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0270767
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing appreciation among researchers and clinicians of the value of investigating biology and pathobiology at the level of cellular kinase (kinome) activity. Kinome analysis provides valuable opportunity to gain insights into complex biology (including disease pathology), identify biomarkers of critical ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20160163
更新日期:2017-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family of lipid kinases regulate cell motility in diverse organisms and cell types. In mammals, the main PI3K enzyme activated by chemokine receptor signalling is the class IB isoform, p110gamma. Studies of p110gamma-knockout mice have shown an essential function for this isoform i...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351109
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::cAMP is an essential signalling molecule whose concentration in cells is regulated by a wide range of hormones. A large number of diseases, including cancer and asthma, are linked to improper regulation of the cAMP signalling system, and manipulation of cAMP levels by pharmaceutical agents has proven therapeutic benef...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20051327
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structural maintenance of chromosomes hinge domain containing protein 1 (SMCHD1) is a large multidomain protein involved in epigenetic gene silencing. Variations in the SMCHD1 gene are associated with two debilitating human disorders, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and Bosma arhinia microphthalmia s...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20200242
更新日期:2020-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Among the several signalling pathways regulated by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins, the one activating NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) is certainly one of the best characterized. The regulation of the activity of this transcription factor by members of the ubiquitin family occurs at various levels, imposing ov...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0360853
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein phosphatase-6 (PP6) is a member of the PPP family of Ser/Thr phosphatases involved in intracellular signaling. PP6 is conserved among all eukaryotes, and genetics in model organisms indicates it has non-redundant functions relative to other PPP phosphatases. PP6 functions in association with conserved SAPS sub...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20160169
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Many microalgae are known to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAGs), especially under nitrate starvation. Generally, these TAGs are predominantly constructed of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, the TAGs of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum are rich in arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 omega6) and eic...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00