Abstract:
:Protein phosphatase-6 (PP6) is a member of the PPP family of Ser/Thr phosphatases involved in intracellular signaling. PP6 is conserved among all eukaryotes, and genetics in model organisms indicates it has non-redundant functions relative to other PPP phosphatases. PP6 functions in association with conserved SAPS subunits and, in vertebrate species, forms heterotrimers with Ankrd subunits. Multiple studies have demonstrated how PP6 exerts negative control at different steps of nuclear factor kappaB signaling. Expression of PP6 catalytic subunit and the PPP6R1 subunit is especially high in hematopoietic cells and lymphoid tissues. Recent efforts at conditionally knocking out genes for PP6c or PP6R1 (SAPS1) have revealed distinctive effects on development of and signaling in lymphocytes.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Ziembik MA,Bender TP,Larner JM,Brautigan DLdoi
10.1042/BST20160169subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-15 00:00:00pages
693-701issue
3eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST20160169journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Gene-poor human chromosomes are reproducibly found at the nuclear periphery in proliferating cells. There are a number of inner nuclear envelope proteins that may have roles in chromosome location and anchorage, e.g. emerin and A-type lamins. In the last decade, a number of diseases associated with tissue degeneration...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20051438
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have identified two basic residues that are important for the recognition of secretin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) by their respective receptors. These two peptides containing an Asp residue at position 3 interacted with an arginine residue in transmembrane helix 2 (TM2) of the receptor, and the lysine r...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300437
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most research strategies for cartilage tissue engineering use extended culture with complex media loaded with costly GFs (growth factors) to drive tissue assembly and yet they result in the production of cartilage with inferior mechanical and structural properties compared with the natural tissue. Recent evidence sugg...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20140031
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enzymes of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate/2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathway are targets for new herbicides and antibacterial drugs. Until now, no inhibitors for the DOXP synthase have been known of. We show that one of the breakdown products of the herbicide clomazone affects the DOXP synthase. O...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-cell communication during development and reproduction in plants depends largely on a few phytohormones and many diverse classes of polymorphic secreted peptides. The peptide ligands are bound at the cell surface of target cells by their membranous interaction partners representing, in most cases, either receptor...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130251
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proline-rich cell-penetrating peptides, particularly the SAP (sweet arrow peptide), (VRLPPP)(3), have been proposed to be useful intracellular delivery vectors, as a result of their lack of cytotoxicity combined with their capacity to be internalized by cells. A common limitation of the therapeutic use of peptides is ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350794
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synapses, points of contact between axons and dendrites, are conduits for the flow of information in the circuitry of the central nervous system. The strength of synaptic transmission reflects the interconnectedness of the axons and dendrites at synapses; synaptic strength in turn is modified by the frequency with whi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0381527
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The analysis of deep sequencing data allows for a genome-wide overview of all the small RNA molecules (the 'sRNome') that are present in a single organism. In the present paper, we review the processing of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) RNA, C/D box sRNA (small non-coding RNA) and t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120276
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human heparan sulphate N-deacetylase/N-sulphotransferase 1 sulphates the NH(3) (+) group of the glucosamine moiety of the heparan chain in heparan sulphate/heparin biosynthesis. An open cleft that runs perpendicular to the sulphate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulphate may constitute the acceptor substrate-bind...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310331
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family of lipid kinases regulate cell motility in diverse organisms and cell types. In mammals, the main PI3K enzyme activated by chemokine receptor signalling is the class IB isoform, p110gamma. Studies of p110gamma-knockout mice have shown an essential function for this isoform i...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351109
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent progress in understanding the plant NE (nuclear envelope) has resulted from significant advances in identifying and characterizing the protein constituents of the membranes and nuclear pores. Here, we review recent findings on the membrane integral and membrane-associated proteins of the key domains of the NE, ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380307
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PDC (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) plays a central role in the maintenance of glucose homoeostasis in mammals. The carbon flux through the PDC is meticulously controlled by elaborate mechanisms involving post-translational (short-term) phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and transcriptional (long-term) controls. T...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20060217
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, is a precursor of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and related compounds that have important roles as mediators and regulators of inflammation. Consuming increased amounts of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (found in oily fish and fish oils) results in a par...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330423
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The overall effects of oestrogen on the vasculature are beneficial as a result of its antioxidant properties and ability to enhance relaxation by modulating synthesis of endothelium-derived vasodilators and smooth-muscle cell Ca2+ signalling. Although the protective effects of oestrogen are well accepted, only limited...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0250040
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Drosophila melanogaster flightless I protein and its homologues in higher eukaryotes (FliI) are conserved members of the gelsolin family of actin-binding proteins. Members of the gelsolin family generally contain three or six copies of a 125-amino-acid residue gelsolin-related repeating unit, and may contain addit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320940
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are a large family of structurally related proteins, which mediate their effects by coupling with G-proteins. Despite responding to a range of very diverse stimuli, these receptors exhibit a conserved tertiary structure comprising a bundle of seven TM (transmembrane) helices linked ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0321048
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Higher eukaryotes rely on AS (alternative splicing) of pre-mRNAs (mRNA precursors) to generate more than one protein product from a single gene and to regulate mRNA stability and translational activity. An important example of the latter function involves an interplay between AS and NMD (nonsense-mediated decay), a cy...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140066
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The respiratory complex I (electrogenic NADH:quinone oxidoreductase) has been considered to act exclusively as a H+ pump. This was questioned when the search for the NADH-driven respiratory Na+ pump in Klebsiella pneumoniae initiated by Peter Dimroth led to the discovery of a Na+-translocating complex in this enteroba...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130024
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is now well established that PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key enzyme in several intracellular processes, there are still relatively few reports that precisely identify the specific isoforms of PI3K actually involved in such events. The lack of specific inhibitors has made it particularly difficult...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350211
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phagocytosis and phagosome maturation are crucial processes in biology. Phagocytosis and the subsequent digestion of phagocytosed particles occur across a huge diversity of eukaryotes and can be achieved by many different cells within one organism. In parallel, diverse groups of pathogens have evolved mechanisms to av...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130014
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sam68 (Src-associated in mitosis 68 kDa) is the prototypical member of the STAR (signal transducer and activator of RNA) family of RNA-binding proteins. Sam68 is implicated in a number of cellular processes including signal transduction, transcription, RNA metabolism, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. In the presen...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360505
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The collagens of vertebrates may be divided into three groups according to chain size and whether or not the helical domains are continuous. Present evidence suggests that, at least within one of these groups, similarity between collagens is reflected in the organization of the genes that encode them. Early evidence s...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0160661
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::PGs (prostaglandins) are synthesized through the cyclo-oxygenase (COX-1 and -2) pathway in a variety of cells in response to various physiological stimuli. All cells require at least one pathway for apoptosis, and mitochondrial play a central role in regulation of apoptosis. In a previous study, incubation of A549 cel...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0321078
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas spontaneous point mutation operates on nucleotides individually, sexual recombination manipulates the set of nucleotides within an allele as an essentially particulate unit. In principle, these two different scales of variation enable selection to follow fitness gradients in two different spaces: in nucleotide...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0340560
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are highly conserved chromatin-modifying complexes that implement gene silencing in higher eukaryotes. Thousands of genes and multiple developmental processes are regulated by PcG proteins. As the first chromatin modifier been identified in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the methyltran...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20200192
更新日期:2020-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Much work has gone into understanding the physical basis of the enormous catalytic power of enzymes over the last 50 years or so. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanism used by Nature's catalysts to speed chemical transformations remains elusive. DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) has served as a paradigm to study the relat...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370349
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seeds of rape (Brassica napus L.) were germinated at various NaCl concentrations up to 200 mM. Germinating levels, seedling growth, triacylglycerol mobilization and lipase activity were investigated. High salt concentrations resulted in retardation of seed germination. Seedling growth as measured by radicle length was...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human colonic microbiota degrades dietary substrates that are indigestible in the upper GIT (gastrointestinal tract), releasing bacterial metabolites, some of which are important for gut health. Advances in molecular biology techniques have facilitated detailed analyses of the composition of the bacterial communit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0391073
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vitamin E is an important nutrient with antioxidant and non-antioxidant functions, and certain evidence suggests that it has a cardiovascular protective role. It is therefore important to maintain an optimal vitamin E status. In the present paper, a number of MS applications to monitor vitamin E status and its interac...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0361066
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulating evidence indicates that beta-cells die by apoptosis in T1DM (Type 1 diabetes mellitus). Apoptosis is an active gene-directed process, and recent observations suggest that beta-cell apoptosis depends on the parallel and/or sequential up- and down-regulation of hundreds of genes controlled by key transcript...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360321
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00