Abstract:
:Signalling by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is critical for protecting the host against pathogens. Disruption of these signalling pathways has been implicated in many diseases ranging from infection susceptibility to cancer and autoimmune disease. Understanding how PRRs signal is of critical importance due to their potential as therapeutic targets to ameliorate symptoms of inflammatory diseases. The recent advances in microscopy, such as the discovery of fluorescent proteins and the breaking of the diffraction limit of light, offer a unique opportunity to visualise receptor signalling at a single protein level within living cells. Many different microscopy techniques have been developed and used for dissecting different aspects of PRR signalling pathways. This review will provide an overview of the main microscopy techniques used for dissecting these pathways with a focus on Toll-like receptor and NOD-like receptor signalling.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Macleod C,Bryant CEdoi
10.1042/BST20160459subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-10-15 00:00:00pages
1077-1085issue
5eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST20160459journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350281
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advantages of Hansenula polymorpha as a new yeast expression system are discussed in terms of the powerful and regulatable methanol oxidase promoter and the organism's ability to grow on cheap carbon sources. The development of techniques for conventional genetic analysis is described. A total of 218 mutants have ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0161081a
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endoplasmic reticulum is traditionally perceived as the key compartment for regulating intracellular cholesterol metabolism. Increasing evidence suggests that the endocytic pathway provides an additional regulatory level governing intracellular cholesterol trafficking and homoeostasis. Sterols can enter, and appar...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0340392
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350508
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases share structural homology, while exhibiting substantial functional diversity. PKC isoforms are ubiquitously expressed in tissues which makes it difficult to define roles for individual isoforms, with complexity compounded by the finding that PKC iso...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140255
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inositol-depletion hypothesis was suggested to explain the therapeutic mechanism of mood-stabilizing drugs. Focus was previously on the phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway and on the regulatory roles of Ins(3,4,5)P(3) and DAG (diacylglycerol). Recent findings indicate that inositol and inositol-containing mole...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0371099
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the Gompertz formula accurately describes observed mortality distributions over most of their extent, their 'tail' is much longer than that of a Gompertz curve fitted to the whole data set. A simple candidate explanation is that the longest-lived subset of any population will necessarily be enriched in indivi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0310452
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350938
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330743
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0230795
更新日期:1995-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351109
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320496
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last 10 years, during the lifetime of the nitrogen cycle meetings, structural biology, coupled with spectroscopy, has had a major impact of our understanding enzymology of the nitrogen cycle. The three-dimensional structures for many of the key enzymes have now been resolved and have provided a wealth of info...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330113
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150127
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of macrophage cholesterol homoeostasis is of crucial importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, an underlying cause of heart attack and stroke. Several recent studies have revealed a critical role for the cytokine TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta), a key regulator of the immune and infl...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0341141
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotinic ACh (acetylcholine) and 5-HT3 (5-hydroxytryptamine type-3) receptors are cation-selective ion channels of the Cys-loop transmitter-gated ion channel superfamily. Numerous lines of evidence indicate that the channel lining domain of such receptors is formed by the alpha-helical M2 domain (second transmembrane...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0340882
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key regulator of cell growth, metabolism and survival. The frequent activation of the PI3K pathway in cancer has stimulated widespread interest in identifying potent and selective inhibitors of PI3K isoforms. The present paper highlights recent progress in identifying such molecul...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350245
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell-cell communication during development and reproduction in plants depends largely on a few phytohormones and many diverse classes of polymorphic secreted peptides. The peptide ligands are bound at the cell surface of target cells by their membranous interaction partners representing, in most cases, either receptor...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20130251
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150079
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
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doi:10.1042/BST20160085
更新日期:2016-10-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20120111
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0311010
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sorting of activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) within the multivesicular body (MVB) is an essential step during the down-regulation of the receptor. The machinery that drives EGFR sorting attaches to the cytoplasmic face of the endosome and generates vesicles that bud in...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20170443
更新日期:2018-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::NMDARs (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) are considered to be a target for the inhibitory actions of ethanol. While profound inhibition of both native and recombinant NMDARs can be observed following the application of high concentrations of ethanol the levels of inhibition seen with lower concentrations of ethanol are...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
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