Insulin or increased concentration of zinc in liver, kidney or muscle does not alter the phosphoglucomutase activity in vivo.

abstract：:No clinical data are available on the acute cutaneous toxicity of spin traps which are frequently used in combination with the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique for detection of free radicals and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute dermatotoxicity of the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fuchs J,Groth N,Herrling T

更新日期：2000-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the ability of alachlor to cause DNA damage by measuring single-strand breaks (SSB) in DNA, after metabolic activation by freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Incubation of different concentrations of alachlor with rat hepatocytes led to numerous metabolites. The majority, isolated and identified by GC-MS...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bonfanti M,Taverna P,Chiappetta L,Villa P,D'Incalci M,Bagnati R,Fanelli R

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hesperidin (HDN) is a flavanone glycoside abundantly found in citrus fruits. HDN has been reported to possess significant activities against allergy, haemorrhoids, hormonal disorders and ulcers. Other reported activities include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and free r...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kaur G,Tirkey N,Chopra K

更新日期：2006-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Leflunomide, used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has been reported to cause severe liver problems and liver failure; however, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we used multiple approaches including genomic analysis to investigate and characterize the possible molecular mechanisms of t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ren Z,Chen S,Qing T,Xuan J,Couch L,Yu D,Ning B,Shi L,Guo L

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The safety of an açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp enriched fruit and berry juice, MonaVie Active®, fortified with the functional ingredient, glucosamine, was studied. The beverage was found not to be mutagenic, clastogenic, cytotoxic, or genotoxic, as determined by the bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Schauss AG,Clewell A,Balogh L,Szakonyi IP,Financsek I,Horváth J,Thuroczy J,Béres E,Vértesi A,Hirka G

更新日期：2010-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Unfortunately, the principal routine toxicology methods employed for the safety assessment of new products are over 40 years old and rely primarily on histopathological evaluation. It is difficult to introduce newer immunotoxicology or molecular toxicology methods into toxicity assessment without extensive and time co...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Dean JH

更新日期：1997-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase assay (MLA) has been optimized to quantitatively determine the in vitro mutagenicity of cigarette mainstream smoke particulate phase. To test whether the MLA is able to discriminate between different cigarette types, specially constructed cigarettes each containing a single tobacco ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Schramke H,Meisgen TJ,Tewes FJ,Gomm W,Roemer E

更新日期：2006-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity reflects damage to hepatocytes and is considered to be a highly sensitive and fairly specific preclinical and clinical biomarker of hepatotoxicity. However, an increase in serum ALT activity level has also been associated with other organ toxicities, thus, ind...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ozer J,Ratner M,Shaw M,Bailey W,Schomaker S

更新日期：2008-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Intratracheal injection of zinc oxide dust, a component of many cosmetic preparations caused elevation of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and lung of guinea pigs. Clearance of zinc oxide dust from lungs through zinc-carrying proteins was evident. ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gupta S,Pandey SD,Misra V,Viswanathan PN

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely believed that the nigrostriatal toxicity of MPTP is due to its oxidation by brain monoamine oxidase first to MPDP+, and eventually to MPP+. Following uptake by the synaptic dopamine reuptake system, it is concentrated in the matrix of striatal mitochondria by an energy-dependent carrier, energized by the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Singer TP,Ramsay RR,McKeown K,Trevor A,Castagnoli NE Jr

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a model for the treatment of data of concentration of brain neurotransmitters (particularly serotonin and the catecholamines), in which the changes induced by any given treatment on the neurotransmitter (NT) and its main metabolite (ME) are converted into 2 new parameters named S and U, that are rela...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Artigas F,Martínez E,Camón L,Rodríguez Farré E

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gordonia axillaris (Roxb.) Dietrich (Theaceae) is a native to Taiwan and the leaves have been used as an astringent folk medicine. Camelliin B (CB), a macrocyclic hydrolyzable tannin, was isolated from G. axillaris and showed cytotoxic effects in human carcinoma cells. Among the target cells (SKHep-1, Ha-22T, DU-145, ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang CC,Chen LG,Yang LL

更新日期：2001-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of daily subcutaneously applied 500 mg/kg N-methylformamide (NMF) during a period of 8 days in female CD-mice was ameliorated when 100 mg/kg sodium ascorbate, 60 mg/kg menadione bisulfite or 80 mg/kg pyridoxal hydrochloride were applied simultaneously. The comparison of the daily s.c. application of 360 m...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Osswald H,Herrmann R,Youssef M

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intravenous LD50 of cefuroxime sodium for mice was 10.4 g/kg. The maximum dosage administered in other acute toxicity tests was well tolerated by mice (10 g/kg, subcutaneous), by rats (4 g/kg, intravenous, 5 g/kg, subcutaneous) and by cats, dogs and monkeys (2 g/kg, intramuscularly). Cefuroxime sodium was administ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Capel-Edwards K,Atkinson RM,Pratt DA

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the effect of repeated ozone exposure on the respiratory system in mice, sensitized with ovalbumin (OA). OA-sensitized mice and saline-treated control mice were exposed to 1.0 ppm ozone or clean air for 6 h daily and five days weekly for five weeks. Subsequently, these mice were exposed to 1.0 ppm ozone fo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Funabashi H,Shima M,Kuwaki T,Hiroshima K,Kuriyama T

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an attempt to assess the effect of ethanol on cadmium accumulation, metallothionein (MT) synthesis, Cd-binding capacity and lipid peroxidation, rats were administered either Cd, ethanol or their combination for a period of 4 weeks. A significant increase in Cd accumulation was observed in all the organs of rats und...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sharma G,Nath R,Gill KD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), 2-mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) and dithiothreitol (DTT) on the metabolism and toxicity of acetaminophen (APAP) were examined in isolated mouse hepatocytes maintained in primary culture on collagen-coated dishes. Both NAC and MPG increased the formation of the glutathione and su...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Harman AW,Self G

更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were exposed to isopropanol by inhalation of 200,2000 and 8000 ppm for 2 weeks with a daily exposure of 6 h. A pilot group exposed to 8000 ppm was given a recovery period of 4 weeks. Kidney and liver microsomal metabolism of n-hexane was investigated in vitro concomitant with activities of cytochrome P-450 and GS...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zahlsen K,Aarstad K,Nilsen OG

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aluminum (Al) is recognized worldwide as serious inorganic contaminants. Exposure to Al is associated with low BMD and an increased risk of osteoporosis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms remains unclear. Thus, in this study, rats were orally exposed to 0 (control group, CG) and 0.4g/L AlCl3 (AlCl3 treated gro...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sun X,Liu J,Zhuang C,Yang X,Han Y,Shao B,Song M,Li Y,Zhu Y

更新日期：2016-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The activity of the haem biosynthetic enzymes delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase (ALA.S) and delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA.D) were measured in the peripheral blood of a group of lead workers and control subjects. The haem precursor delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) was measured in blood and urine, whil...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Meredith PA,Moore MR,Campbell BC,Thompson GG,Goldberg A

更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of nitric oxide (NO) in acute renal failure (ARF) is debatable. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acute administration of NO donor, Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), L-Arginine (L-Arg) and NO synthase inhibitor, N(omega)-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in Fe-NTA induced renal toxicity. Rats were ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gupta A,Chander V,Sharma S,Chopra K

更新日期：2007-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The teratogenicity of antiepilepsy drug valproic acid (VPA) mostly is found in genetic and somatic levels, causing teratogenesis involving neurotubular defects (NTDs), anencephaly, lumbosacral meningomyelocele, and leg dysfunction due to spina bifida aperta. A diversity of nutraceutics have been tried to alleviate the...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hsieh CL,Wang HE,Tsai WJ,Peng CC,Peng RY

更新日期：2012-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:BHK21 fibroblastic cells were exposed in vitro to lead microparticles produced by pyrolysis of the organic lead used as an antiknock agent in gasoline. Although non-cytolethal, 10 micrograms of lead/10(6) cells rapidly inhibited cell growth kinetics as well as [3H]thymidine and L-[3H]leucine incorporation by the BHK21...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Dubreuil A,Hollande E,Bouley G,Boudene C

更新日期：1979-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) could induce testicular developmental toxicity in adults. The present study aims to confirm its intrauterine origination, and to explore its potential intrauterine programming mechanism. The pregnant rats were respectively injected subcutaneously with 0.2 and 0.8 mg/kg d dexametha...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Liu M,Chen B,Pei L,Zhang Q,Zou Y,Xiao H,Zhou J,Chen L,Wang H

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vapour pressures of 30 N-nitrosamines between 0 and 40 degrees C are calculated by means of well-known and experimentally proven formulae. The saturation concentration of the nitrosamines in air is presented as mmHg, ppm and mg/m3. For N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosopyrrol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Klein RG

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pilinskaya showed that the fungicide ziram induced chrocosome aberrations in the lymphocytes of exposed industrial workers and also in lymphocyte cultures treated in vitro. Ziram is chemically similar to the drug Antabuse (disulfirm) which is used in the treatment of alcoholics. To establish whether disulfirm can also...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lilly LJ

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental work in rodents suggest that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent environmental toxicant, is associated with incidence of heart disease. Although TCDD toxicity depends by and large on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the role of the...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kurita H,Carreira VS,Fan Y,Jiang M,Naticchioni M,Koch S,Rubinstein J,Puga A

更新日期：2016-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a matter of global concern. Arsenic intake impairs immune responses and leads to a variety of pathological conditions including cancer. In order to understand the intricate tuning of immune responses elicited by chronic exposure to arsenic, a mouse model was established by su...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Choudhury S,Gupta P,Ghosh S,Mukherjee S,Chakraborty P,Chatterji U,Chattopadhyay S

更新日期：2016-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis due to dicyclanil (DC), an insect growth regulator for sheep, histopathological and molecular biological analyses were performed in the liver of male ICR mice fed on a diet containing 1500 ppm of DC for 2 weeks (Experiment I; Exp. I). In gene expression analyses usi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moto M,Okamura M,Muto T,Kashida Y,Machida N,Mistumori K

更新日期：2005-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept that the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (HO) could be generated from an interaction between superoxide (O(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was proposed (with Joseph Weiss) in Professor Haber's final paper published in 1934. Until it was recognized that free radicals are produced in biological syst...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kehrer JP

更新日期：2000-08-14 00:00:00