Effect of intratracheal injection of zinc oxide dust in guinea pigs.

abstract：:Cadmium, an environmental neurotoxic compound, produces cognitive disorders, although the mechanism remains unknown. Previously, we described that cadmium induces a more pronounced cell death on cholinergic neurons from basal forebrain (BF). This effect, partially mediated by M1 receptor blockade, triggering it throug...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moyano P,de Frias M,Lobo M,Anadon MJ,Sola E,Pelayo A,Díaz MJ,Frejo MT,Del Pino J

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing experimental and clinical evidence suggest a contribution of non-drug related risk factors (e.g., underlying disease, bacterial/viral infection) to idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDR). Our previous work showed that co-treatment with bacterial endotoxin (LPS) and therapeutic doses of diclofenac (Dcl), an anal...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ramm S,Morissey B,Hernandez B,Rooney C,Pennington SR,Mally A

更新日期：2015-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Endotoxin/LPS is ubiquitous in our environment. The question whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is beneficial or disease-promoting in relation to asthma and allergy has been raised in several recent studies. Some have reported a positive correlation between the level of LPS in house dust and the symptoms of as...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ormstad H,Groeng EC,Duffort O,Løvik M

更新日期：2003-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a matter of global concern. Arsenic intake impairs immune responses and leads to a variety of pathological conditions including cancer. In order to understand the intricate tuning of immune responses elicited by chronic exposure to arsenic, a mouse model was established by su...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Choudhury S,Gupta P,Ghosh S,Mukherjee S,Chakraborty P,Chatterji U,Chattopadhyay S

更新日期：2016-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigate the ability of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) to antagonize the cyclosporine A (CyA)-induced inhibition of biliary glutathione efflux induced by long-term administration of CyA (10 mg/kg per day-CyA(10) or 20 mg/kg per day-CyA(20) for 4 weeks) in rats. CyA treatment reduced the liver content of total gluta...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Palomero J,Galán AI,Muñoz ME,González-Gallego J,Tuñón MJ,Jiménez R

更新日期：2004-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of clinical reports and experimental studies have shown that autoimmune responses and/or autoimmune diseases are induced in humans and laboratory animals by chronic exposure to various chemicals. The present review is focused on the most frequent groups of chemically induced human disorders. Results obtained ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bigazzi PE

更新日期：1997-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Some organophosphorus compounds (OP) induce a delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP) which is initiated by the phosphorylation of the so-called neuropathy target esterase (NTE). In this work some aspects of hen sciatic nerve NTE are studied. The assay method is reported and modifications are discussed and a combined method pr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Barril JB,Vilanova E,Pellin MC

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Within the framework of an EU project on risk assessment of brominated flame retardants, TBBPA was studied for neurobehavioral effects in rats. To permit benchmark dose analysis, eight dose levels were chosen ranging from 0 to 3000mg/kg body weight. Exposure of parental rats started 10 and 2 weeks before mating in mal...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lilienthal H,Verwer CM,van der Ven LT,Piersma AH,Vos JG

更新日期：2008-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by certain strains of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic among the 70 variants isolated so far. These toxins have been implicated in both human and livestock mortality. In the present study we investigated the microcystin-LR induced ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jayaraj R,Anand T,Rao PV

更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a common drinking water disinfection byproduct that produces a spectrum of liver effects, including hepatomegaly and liver tumors, in mice. It is also an oxidative metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE), a solvent used in degreasing with widespread environmental exposure, which also produc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chiu WA

更新日期：2011-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of isoflurane, 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether, on the oxidative metabolism of halothane to produce trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and on the reductive metabolism of halothane to produce chlorodifluoroethylene (CDE) and chlorotrifluoroethane (CTE) in liver microsomes of guinea pig were exami...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fujii K

更新日期：1995-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:There is considerable interest in gene and environment interactions in neurodegenerative diseases. The HFE (homeostatic iron regulator) gene variant (H63D) is highly prevalent in the population and has been investigated as a disease modifier in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. We have developed a mouse model to in...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Song IY,Snyder AM,Kim Y,Neely EB,Wade QW,Connor JR

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:Liver fibrosis has been reported to be inhibited in vivo by oleanolic and ursolic acids. However, the mechanisms of the action of those triterpenoids are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the antifibrotic potential of other triterpenes, betulin and betulinic acid, and to characteri...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Szuster-Ciesielska A,Plewka K,Daniluk J,Kandefer-Szerszeń M

更新日期：2011-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are common and many are thought to have a genetic predisposition. There has been a great deal of interest in the role of P450 enzyme gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of adverse reactions. The major impact to date of polymorphic P450 expression has been on pre-clinical drug developmen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pirmohamed M,Park BK

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of fungal lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) is the working principle of the antifungal activity of azoles used in agriculture and medicine. Inhibition of human CYP51 may result in endocrine disruption since follicular fluid-meiosis activating steroid (FF-MAS), the direct product of lanosterol demethyl...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Trösken ER,Adamska M,Arand M,Zarn JA,Patten C,Völkel W,Lutz WK

更新日期：2006-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In living organisms both chemical agents and physical factors [16] may produce neurophysiological change that affects EEG activity. EEG signals are very suitable for non-invasive measurement of CNS reactions, but quite complicated equipment is necessary for measurement and analysis. We have implemented a system that p...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kubát J,Formánek J,Fuchs A,Rehák P,Zajícek P,Dvorák J,Vanícková M

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Calf thymus DNA was reacted with 1,2-epoxybutene (BDO) in phosphate buffered saline at 37 degrees C for 12 h. DNA was ethanol precipitated and hydrolyzed with 1 M HCl to release DNA bases. Adenine (A)-BDO and guanine (Gua)-BDO adducts were analyzed in the ethanol supernatant and DNA hydrolysate using LC/ESI MS/MS. Rea...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kambouris SJ,Chaudhary AK,Blair IA

更新日期：1996-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Role of chromium(III) in biological systems is controversial and no significant conclusions can be arrived with the available data. Chromium(VI) enters in to the cell readily and gets reduced to form stable chromium(III) complexes. Chromium(III) complexes react slowly and were considered non-toxic. Recent studies sugg...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Raja NS,Nair BU

更新日期：2008-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been widely used around the world as a pesticide for both agricultural and residential application. Although various studies have reported toxicity and health-related effects from CPF exposure, the molecular mechanism of CPF toxicity to skin has not been well-characterized. The present study det...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jang Y,Lee AY,Jeong SH,Park KH,Paik MK,Cho NJ,Kim JE,Cho MH

更新日期：2015-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle for the effective treatment of cancers. The mechanism of chemo-resistance is still poorly understood, however, mounting evidence supports a role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating key cellular pathways mediating response to chemotherapy. microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been im...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yang SM,Huang C,Li XF,Yu MZ,He Y,Li J

更新日期：2013-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important as drug metabolizing enzymes mainly in the detoxication process. To assess individual differences in susceptibility to different chemicals, it would be useful to know the activity of specific GST isozymes in individuals. In order to study individual variability, typical ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Takamatsu Y,Inaba T

更新日期：1994-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Phthalate esters belong to a large class of compounds known as peroxisome proliferators (PP). PP include chemicals that activate different subtypes of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. The ability of phthalate esters and their metabolites to activate responses through different PPAR subtype...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lapinskas PJ,Brown S,Leesnitzer LM,Blanchard S,Swanson C,Cattley RC,Corton JC

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary function and inflammation in the lungs of rodents exposed by inhalation to carbon/graphite/epoxy advanced composite material (ACM) combustion products were compared to that of a rodent model of acute lung injury (ALI) produced by pneumotoxic paraquat dichloride. This investigation was undertaken to determine...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Whitehead GS,Grasman KA,Kimmel EC

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the effect of astaxanthin (ASX; 3,3-dihydroxybeta, beta-carotene-4,4-dione), a water-dispersible synthetic carotenoid, on liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Astaxanthin (5 mg/kg/day) or olive oil was administered to rats via intragastric intubation for 14 consecutive days before the induct...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Curek GD,Cort A,Yucel G,Demir N,Ozturk S,Elpek GO,Savas B,Aslan M

更新日期：2010-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Because it had been suggested that alpha-tocopherol might protect protein thiols (PSH) from oxidation, we were interested in determining if alpha-tocopherol could prevent or mitigate nitrofurantoin-induced changes in the glutathione (GSH) or PSH status of the liver. Isolated rat livers were perfused in the single pass...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hoener B,Hjalmarson AC

更新日期：1991-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:CI-959 is an orally effective inhibitor of cellular activation in both in vitro and animal models. To assess the effects of CI-959 on immune function, male Fischer 344 rats were evaluated for splenic T- and B-lymphocyte populations, antibody-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells (sRBC), concanavalin A and pok...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bleavins MR,de la Iglesia FA,McCay JA,White KL Jr,Munson AE

更新日期：1995-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The vapour pressures of 30 N-nitrosamines between 0 and 40 degrees C are calculated by means of well-known and experimentally proven formulae. The saturation concentration of the nitrosamines in air is presented as mmHg, ppm and mg/m3. For N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosopyrrol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Klein RG

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Simultaneous exposure to cadmium and arsenic is highly probable in the urban area of San Luis Potosi, Mexico due to common localization of copper and zinc smelters. Therefore, in this work, rats were intraperitoneally exposed either to cadmium or arsenic alone, or simultaneously to both metals. The effects of these tr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Díaz-Barriga F,Llamas E,Mejía JJ,Carrizales L,Santoyo ME,Vega-Vega L,Yáñez L

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gender is a factor that influences susceptibility of individuals to drug-induced liver injury in experimental animals and humans. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying resistance of female mice to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Overnight-fasted male and female CD-1 mice were administer...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Masubuchi Y,Nakayama J,Watanabe Y

更新日期：2011-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Ozone (O3), a pulmonary irritant, and a major toxic component of photochemical smog, is capable of inducing pulmonary inflammation characterized by recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) into the lung. The recruited PMNs, in turn, can release toxic mediators and produce lung injury. The mechanism of ozone-...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Reinhart PG,Bassett DJ,Bhalla DK

更新日期：1998-05-15 00:00:00