Mechanism of the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the toxic bioactivation product of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).

abstract：:To investigate the biological effects of terbium (Tb), male mice were intraperitoneally administered with TbCl3 at doses of 10, 50, or 250 mg Tb/kg. The Tb distribution in organs was determined after 18-20 h of injection by using a spectrofluorometer. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn in various organs were det...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Shinohara A,Chiba M

更新日期：1991-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The organophosphorus nerve agent soman is an irreversible cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor that can produce long-lasting seizures and seizure-related brain damage (SRBD) in which acetylcholine and glutamate are involved. Since these neurotransmitters play a key-role in the auditory function, it was hypothesized that a h...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Carpentier P,Pouyatos B,Dorandeu F,Campo P,Baille V,Foquin A,Job A

更新日期：2010-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is highly toxic in experimental animals, and is known to induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression. We investigated the effect of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 variant genotypes and haplotypes on CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in lym...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Landi MT,Bergen AW,Baccarelli A,Patterson DG Jr,Grassman J,Ter-Minassian M,Mocarelli P,Caporaso N,Masten SA,Pesatori AC,Pittman GS,Bell DA

更新日期：2005-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Nine structurally different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were tested for their ability to either agonize or antagonize the human androgen receptor (hAR) in a sensitive reporter gene assay based on CHO cells transiently cotransfected with a hAR vector and an MMTV-LUC vector. Benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A), benzo[...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vinggaard AM,Hnida C,Larsen JC

更新日期：2000-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of insecticides currently in use throughout the world belong to the class of the organophosphorus insecticides. Many of these compounds, such as the phosphorothioate insecticides, exert their mammalian toxicity only after undergoing metabolic activation by a variety of cytochrome P450 isoforms to produce ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ramos S,Sultatos L

更新日期：1998-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The action of various manganese organic compounds, which are structural analogs of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT), was investigated. Only the cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl compounds are effective inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration, but only when associated with NAD+-linked substrates....

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Autissier N,Gautheron B,Dumas P,Brosseau J,Loireau A

更新日期：1977-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phensuximide (PSX) is an antiepileptic agent which has been shown to induce hemorrhagic cystitis and mild nephrotoxicity following repeated administration in man or rats or when acutely administered to phenobarbital-pretreated rats. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of para-hydroxylation of the phenyl ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rankin GO,Beers KW,Nicoll DW,Anestis DK,Shih HC,Brown PI,Hubbard JL

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term "health/functional food" (HFF) refers to food supplements containing nutrients or other substances (in a concentrated form) that have a nutritional or physiological effect whose purpose is to supplement the normal diet. The Korean Health/Functional Food Act that came into effect in 2004 requires these product...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kim JY,Kim DB,Lee HJ

更新日期：2006-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:An increasing body of data has been demonstrating that mammalian cells have elaborate networks of molecular signalling in counteracting heat shock and in developing adaptation to oxidative stress to avoid cell death. However, the precise mechanisms linking heat shock, oxidative stress and cell survival/cell death mech...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Santos-Marques MJ,Carvalho F,Sousa C,Remião F,Vitorino R,Amado F,Ferreira R,Duarte JA,de Lourdes Bastos M

更新日期：2006-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous substances or xenoestrogens natural or synthetic, capable of interacting with different systems and altering their normal hormonal regulation, being the reproductive system one of the most affected. EDs produce their effects not only by acting on nuclear steroid receptors, but ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ponzo OJ,Silvia C

更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that the measurement of DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) may be of value in the assessment of an individual's exposure to specific environmental insults. For a biomarker to be reliable, its results should be consistent and specific. In the present study, the precision and specificity of the K(+)-SD...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Olin KL,Cherr GN,Rifkin E,Keen CL

更新日期：1996-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The scandal of melamine-contamination has not been quite blown out, since the toxicity of melamine continues to raise concerns for public health. It has been well known that fetus and infant periods play the most important roles in brain development, whereas little has been done on the harmful effects of melamine on t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yang J,An L,Yao Y,Yang Z,Zhang T

更新日期：2011-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The ubiquitous presence of nanoparticles (NPs) together with increasing evidence linking them to negative health effects points towards the need to develop the understanding of mechanisms by which they exert toxic effects. This study was designed to investigate the role of surface area and oxidative stress in the cell...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hussain S,Boland S,Baeza-Squiban A,Hamel R,Thomassen LC,Martens JA,Billon-Galland MA,Fleury-Feith J,Moisan F,Pairon JC,Marano F

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of benzoyl mustard (FCE 24517) and epoxamido (FCE 24561) synthetic derivatives of distamycin A were reported in the present study. The 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) of colony formation of FCE 24517 on human SNB-19 glioblastoma, A2780 ovarian cancer and DU 145 prostate cancer w...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Agen C,Sironi AM,Danesi R,Costa M,Bernardini N,Paparelli A,Della Torre P,Del Tacca M

更新日期：1992-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We have found that incubation of heparin plasma with Ni(2+) or Co(2+) at concentrations below 100 microM can stimulate the conversion of complement factor C3 to C3b faster than magnesium, which is the natural cofactor in the alternative complement activation. This conversion was monitored by light absorbance measureme...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Acevedo F,Vesterberg O

更新日期：2003-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A has been shown to affect the reproduction of male rats and mice. However, the mechanism of action of bisphenol A on the epididymal sperm is not elucidated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bisphenol A on the antioxidant system of rat epididymal sperm. Bisphenol A was administered ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chitra KC,Latchoumycandane C,Mathur PP

更新日期：2003-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Aerolysin is a cytolytic toxin which forms channels in the plasma membranes of eucaryotic cells. The protein is secreted by Aeromonas hydrophila as an inactive protoxin. Its stability and water solubility are conferred by its ability to dimerize. Maturation of the protein occurs through proteolytic removal of a C-term...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： van der Goot FG,Pattus F,Parker M,Buckley JT

更新日期：1994-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Toluene is a widely abused inhaled solvent. This study was designed to determine whether toluene abuse affects the reproductive functions or general health of males. Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to toluene vapor inhalation (0, 4000, or 6000 ppm; 2 h/day) daily for 5 weeks. Exposure-related supp...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ono A,Kawashima K,Sekita K,Hirose A,Ogawa Y,Saito M,Naito K,Yasuhara K,Kaneko T,Furuya T,Inoue T,Kurokawa Y

更新日期：1999-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Human exposure assessment is frequently noted as a weak link and bottleneck in the risk assessment process. Fortunately, the World Wide Web and Internet are providing access to numerous valuable sources of human exposure assessment-related information, along with opportunities for information exchange. Internet mailin...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Schwela D,Hakkinen PJ

更新日期：2004-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a known immunomodulating agent. When presented to either late stage chick embryos (e.g. 18 days of incubation (DI] or neonatal chicks. CP induces selective B cell damage resulting in humoral immunosuppression in chickens. The present study was undertaken in order to provide further insights in...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Misra RR,Bloom SE

更新日期：1991-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms responsible for resistance to Cd-induced testicular necrosis in inbred mice were investigated using strains resistant (A/J) or susceptible (129/J) to Cd-induced testicular damage. Cadmium accumulation was measured in testes of both strains 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after intravenous injec...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chellman GJ,Shaikh ZA,Baggs RB

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The local lymph node assay (LLNA) is a regular method for the detection of sensitizing chemicals in mice which measures the incorporation of tritiated thymidine in lymph node cells. We have evaluated an alternative to this method based on the interleukin-2 (IL-2) production of lymph node cells. At the mRNA level, no c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Azam P,Peiffer JL,Ourlin JC,Bonnet PA,Tissier MH,Vian L,Fabre I

更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The ligand-activated nuclear receptor AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) mediates the response of hepatocytes to various exogenous compounds. AhR is classically activated by planar, aromatic hydrocarbons, but also by other, structurally rather unrelated compounds. Recent data show that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signali...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vaas S,Kreft L,Schwarz M,Braeuning A

更新日期：2014-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous in vivo studies in rats have shown that susceptibility to 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB)-induced testicular damage increases with age. The present study has used an in vitro approach to investigate the possibility that differences in testicular metabolism contribute to the age-related differences in toxicity. Semin...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jacobson CF,Miller MG

更新日期：1997-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of the known hepatotoxic agent, cerium (Ce) on the activity of liver microsomal monoxygenases, especially coumarin 7-hydroxylase (COH) was investigated in two inbred strains of male mice, DBA/2N and C57BL/6N. Ce was injected intravenously in three doses (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg body wt) and the animals we...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Arvela P,Kraul H,Stenbäck F,Pelkonen O

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A qualitative assessment of developmental toxicity within a series of 12 structurally related compounds, 11 of which were active dopamine mimetics and one was inactive, was conducted in rats treated orally by gavage during the major period of organogenesis. Doses were chosen where possible to be equipotent in terms of...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ridings JE,Baldwin JA

更新日期：1992-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary function and inflammation in the lungs of rodents exposed by inhalation to carbon/graphite/epoxy advanced composite material (ACM) combustion products were compared to that of a rodent model of acute lung injury (ALI) produced by pneumotoxic paraquat dichloride. This investigation was undertaken to determine...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Whitehead GS,Grasman KA,Kimmel EC

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiments were done in vivo to determine the effect of oxygen at high pressure (OHP) on NAD+ and NADH in mouse brain cortex. A 7% decrease (N.S.) in NADH was found in brain cortex from mice exposed to 6 atm of 100% oxygen for 8 min, while a 20% decrease (P less than 0.01) in cortical NADH, when compared to controls,...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Dodd DE,Faiman MD

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A flow-through rat tracheal implant system is described which permits the quantitative and repetitive exposure of respiratory epithelia to test gaseous substances. To investigate the acute toxicity of formaldehyde gas with this new system, open-ended rat tracheal implants were exposed to the gas for 1 h twice a week f...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Shiba M,Marchok AC,Klein-Szanto AJ

更新日期：1984-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A representative reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydroxyl radical (*OH), is a highly reactive species and induces DNA backbone breakage. *OH also oxidizes every DNA base. The interaction of *OH with guanine leads to the generation of not only piperidine-resistant 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) but also v...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kawanishi S,Murata M

更新日期：2006-04-17 00:00:00