The effects of formaldehyde gas in a flow-through rat tracheal implant system.

abstract：:Infusion of hexadecafluoroheptane, a liquid perfluorocarbon released from repaired Althane dialysers was found to be the most probable reason for the deaths of 53 dialysis patients reported in the year 2001. This study focuses on toxic decomposition products generated due to gamma and beta sterilisation of hexadecaflu...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zündorf J,Kremer S,Grüger T

更新日期：2008-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Metyrapone tartrate, 400 mg/kg i.p. raised the LD50 for acetaminophen from 340 mg/kg i.p. to 540 mg/kg i.p. in fasting male Swiss white mice. The minimum protective dose of metyrapone was 200 mg/kg. Metyrapone was effective in preventing death when given up to 2 h after acetaminophen administration. The LD50 for metyr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nelson EB,Montes M,Goldstein M

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Infusion phlebitis is a common clinical problem associated with some antimicrobial agents. The pathomechanism of infusion phlebitis has not yet been elucidated, however, it has been proposed that chemical irritation of the endothelium leads to subsequent sterile inflammation with recruitment and migration of...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kilic B,Kruse M,Stahlmann R

更新日期：2006-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Although several specific micronutrient deficiencies are associated with disease progression and increased mortality risk in HIV/AIDS, and even a simple multivitamin/mineral supplement can prolong survival, this is typically viewed merely as nutritional support of the immune system, and only necessary if there are def...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Taylor EW

更新日期：2010-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metal neurotoxicity is one of the major challenges in today's era due to the large scale and widespread mechanisation of the production. However, the causative factors responsible for neurotoxicity are neither known nor do we have the availability of therapeutic approaches to deal with it. One of the major causa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Namgyal D,Ali S,Mehta R,Sarwat M

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aromatase enzyme plays a central role in steroidogenesis by converting androgens to estrogens and has been proposed as an important molecular target for many environmental endocrine disrupters chemicals. In this study, we have screened 30 selected pesticides with known, unknown or supposed effects on aromatase activit...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Laville N,Balaguer P,Brion F,Hinfray N,Casellas C,Porcher JM,Aït-Aïssa S

更新日期：2006-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The prime factors influencing survivability from 10 major fire-related public transport aircraft accidents were assessed. Regulatory requirements were assessed against derived criteria and alternate concepts evaluated to identify a preferred strategy for enhanced survival; the provision of passenger protective breathi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Trimble EJ

更新日期：1996-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Mercury has been a known as a toxic substance for centuries. Whilst the clinical features of acute mercury poisoning have been well described, chronic low dose exposure to mercury remains poorly characterised and its potential role in various chronic disease states remains controversial. Low molecular weight thiols, i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rooney JP

更新日期：2007-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimethoate, azinphos-methyl, diazinon and pirimiphos-methyl, widely used organophosphorous insecticides, and benomyl, a benzimidazole fungicide, induce different cytotoxic effects on the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Among the insecticides tested, only azinphos and diazinon induced a dose-related inhibition of prote...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Marinovich M,Guizzetti M,Galli CL

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several different meanings have been attached to the term "chemical sensitivity" by those who use it. Feeling ill from odors is a symptom reported by approximately one-third of the population. The syndrome of chemical sensitivity, frequently called "Multiple Chemical Sensitivity" or "MCS" has been the subject of three...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Miller CS

更新日期：1996-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a close relationship between the central nervous system activity and bone metabolism. Therefore, methamphetamine (METH), which stimulates the central nervous system, is expected to affect bone turnover. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of METH in bone metabolism. Mice were divided into 3 grou...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tomita M,Katsuyama H,Watanabe Y,Okuyama T,Fushimi S,Ishikawa T,Nata M,Miyamoto O

更新日期：2014-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Challenges to improve toxicological risk assessment to meet the demands of the EU chemical's legislation, REACH, and the EU 7th Amendment of the Cosmetics Directive have accelerated the development of non-animal based methods. Unfortunately, uncertainties remain surrounding the power of alternative methods such as in ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Groothuis FA,Heringa MB,Nicol B,Hermens JL,Blaauboer BJ,Kramer NI

更新日期：2015-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:This study reviews current understanding of mechanisms of biotransformation of organophosphorus compounds (OPC). The first part of this article covers chemical aspects of biotransformation describing reactions that lead to activation or detoxication of OPC. The second part explains biochemical mechanisms of biotransfo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jokanović M

更新日期：2001-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:There is considerable interest in gene and environment interactions in neurodegenerative diseases. The HFE (homeostatic iron regulator) gene variant (H63D) is highly prevalent in the population and has been investigated as a disease modifier in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. We have developed a mouse model to in...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Song IY,Snyder AM,Kim Y,Neely EB,Wade QW,Connor JR

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a Japanese chemical factory, a lung disease like pneumoconiosis appeared at a high rate among workers handling cross-linked water-soluble acrylic acid polymer (CWAAP). To our knowledge, no such case was known in the world until very recently. The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of single intratra...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Suka M,Kido T,Yoshioka W,Hachisuka E,Okoshi H,Yamauchi T,Hano H,Okano T,Yokoyama M,Yanagisawa H

更新日期：2021-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroacetic acid, TCA, is a water chlorination by-product similar to dichloroacetic acid, DCA. Because DCA has been shown to have effects on intermediary metabolism, TCA was tested to determine if it possesses similar capabilities. The effects were more pronounced in females. High doses of TCA (2.45 mumol/kg three...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Davis ME

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For half of the 30-odd years that diacetyl-exposed workers have developed disabling lung disease, obliterative bronchiolitis was unrecognized as an occupational risk. Delays in its recognition as an occupational lung disease are attributable to the absence of a work-related temporal pattern of symptoms; failure to rec...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kreiss K

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the effect of astaxanthin (ASX; 3,3-dihydroxybeta, beta-carotene-4,4-dione), a water-dispersible synthetic carotenoid, on liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Astaxanthin (5 mg/kg/day) or olive oil was administered to rats via intragastric intubation for 14 consecutive days before the induct...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Curek GD,Cort A,Yucel G,Demir N,Ozturk S,Elpek GO,Savas B,Aslan M

更新日期：2010-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent investigations suggest that Ca2(+)-ATPase from fish gills is very sensitive to Zn2+ (Hogstrand et al., 1996. Am. J. Physiol. 270, R1141-R1147). The effect of free Zn2+ ion on the human erythrocyte plasma membrane Ca2(+)-ATPase was investigated to explore the possible extension of this finding to humans. Membran...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hogstrand C,Verbost PM,Wendelaar Bonga SE

更新日期：1999-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultrafine titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles have been shown to exhibit strong cytotoxicity when exposed to UVA radiation, but are regarded as a biocompatible material in the absence of photoactivation. In contrast to this concept, the present results indicate that anatase-sized (10 and 20 nm) TiO(2) particles in the...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gurr JR,Wang AS,Chen CH,Jan KY

更新日期：2005-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chalcones are phenolic compounds that can be isolated from plants. Previous studies have described some pharmacological applications for these compounds. Making use of our established reporter gene system, we determined the effect of five hydroxychalcones--2-hydroxychalcone, 2'-hydroxychalcone, 4-hydroxychalcone, 4,2'...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang H,Wang Y,Chen ZY,Chan FL,Leung LK

更新日期：2005-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cetaben and clofibrate were each administered to groups of 6 rats (3 male and 3 female) by gavage at dosages of 50 mg/kg per day and 200 mg/kg per day for 2 weeks. Cetaben caused 1 death at 200 mg/kg per day and decreases in body weight gain and food consumption at 50 mg/kg per day or more. There were no effects on bo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fort FL,Stein HH,Langenberg K,Lewkowski JP,Heyman IA,Kesterson JW

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of selected aluminum-hydroxypyridinone (Al-HP complexes were determined in rats to better understand the relationship between their disposition and elimination parameters and the safety of HPs in the chelation therapy of Al intoxication. Five complexes were administered as i.v. bolus doses of Al-H...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Allen DD,Orvig C,Yokel RA

更新日期：1994-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent epidemiological studies have reported associations between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and various types of human cancer; in addition, exposure to chlorine (Cl-) in drinking water has been reported to suppress certain immune functions in laboratory animals. The current studies were conducted t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： French AS,Copeland CB,Andrews DL,Wiliams WC,Riddle MM,Luebke RW

更新日期：1998-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Valproic acid (VPA) and the unsaturated metabolites, 2-ene VPA and (E)-2,(Z)-3'-diene VPA, demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, as evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Cellular glutathione (GSH) was depleted by adding buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to the culture ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jurima-Romet M,Abbott FS,Tang W,Huang HS,Whitehouse LW

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several nitrocompounds have been screened for carcinogenicity in rodents, but this is a lengthy and expensive process, taking two years and typically costing 2.5 million dollars, and uses large numbers of animals. There is, therefore, much impetus to develop suitable alternative methods. One possible way of predicting...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Morales AH,Pérez MA,Combes RD,González MP

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of daily subcutaneously applied 500 mg/kg N-methylformamide (NMF) during a period of 8 days in female CD-mice was ameliorated when 100 mg/kg sodium ascorbate, 60 mg/kg menadione bisulfite or 80 mg/kg pyridoxal hydrochloride were applied simultaneously. The comparison of the daily s.c. application of 360 m...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Osswald H,Herrmann R,Youssef M

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental work in rodents suggest that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent environmental toxicant, is associated with incidence of heart disease. Although TCDD toxicity depends by and large on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the role of the...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kurita H,Carreira VS,Fan Y,Jiang M,Naticchioni M,Koch S,Rubinstein J,Puga A

更新日期：2016-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Pilinskaya showed that the fungicide ziram induced chrocosome aberrations in the lymphocytes of exposed industrial workers and also in lymphocyte cultures treated in vitro. Ziram is chemically similar to the drug Antabuse (disulfirm) which is used in the treatment of alcoholics. To establish whether disulfirm can also...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lilly LJ

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enantioselectivity in toxicology, and health risk of chiral xenobiotics have become important topics at the forefront of chemistry and toxicology research. Our previous results showed that cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF) induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human amnion epithelial (FL) cells, in an enantioselective manner...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Liu H,Xu L,Zhao M,Liu W,Zhang C,Zhou S

更新日期：2009-07-10 00:00:00