Biotransformation of organophosphorus compounds.

abstract：:Cell death triggers the release into extracellular spaces of products of chromatin catabolism, particularly of DNA. A sensitive DNA assay has been used to investigate in the mouse whether the quantitation of plasma DNA may be used as an index of in vivo cytotoxicity. It has been found that toxic doses of bacterial lip...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bret L,Lulé J,Alary C,Appolinaire-Pilipenko S,Pourrat JP,Fournié GJ

更新日期：1990-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroacetic acid, TCA, is a water chlorination by-product similar to dichloroacetic acid, DCA. Because DCA has been shown to have effects on intermediary metabolism, TCA was tested to determine if it possesses similar capabilities. The effects were more pronounced in females. High doses of TCA (2.45 mumol/kg three...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Davis ME

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important as drug metabolizing enzymes mainly in the detoxication process. To assess individual differences in susceptibility to different chemicals, it would be useful to know the activity of specific GST isozymes in individuals. In order to study individual variability, typical ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Takamatsu Y,Inaba T

更新日期：1994-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:Liver fibrosis has been reported to be inhibited in vivo by oleanolic and ursolic acids. However, the mechanisms of the action of those triterpenoids are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the antifibrotic potential of other triterpenes, betulin and betulinic acid, and to characteri...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Szuster-Ciesielska A,Plewka K,Daniluk J,Kandefer-Szerszeń M

更新日期：2011-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:We investigated the potential dose related apoptotic effect of subchronic administration of the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide in different sites of the small and large rabbit intestine. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty New Zealand White rabbits received intravenously every week, for 10 weeks, 0 (g...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ypsilantis P,Tentes L,Assimakopoulos SF,Kortsaris A,Scopa CD,Pitiakoudis M,Simopoulos C

更新日期：2004-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies indicated that chloral hydrate can prolong the disappearance time of ethanol from blood in mice. This seems to result from inhibition of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase by chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol, its main metabolite. We examined the effect of both these compounds on the disappearance tim...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Faci A,Plaa GL,Sharkawi M

更新日期：1998-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytochrome P-450 enzymes are responsible for the oxidation of xenobiotic chemicals including drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens. These enzymes include cytochrome P450, cytochrome b(5), arylhydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH), NADPH-cytochrome C reductase and dimethylnitrosamine N-demethylase I (DMN-dI)....

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sheweita SA,El-Gabar MA,Bastawy M

更新日期：2001-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of methylmercury on the cell growth of mouse glioma in vitro were studied in relation to the microtubules as a possible target. The electron microscopic observation revealed that methylmercury added in culture medium specifically attacked microtubules in the cells at growth inhibitory concentration, while merc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Imura N,Miura K,Inokawa M,Nakada S

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present work was analyzed whether sulforaphane (SFN) may protect against cisplatin (CIS)-induced hepatic damage, oxidant stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Four groups of male Wistar rats were studied: control, CIS, CIS+SFN and SFN. SFN was given i.p. (500 μg/kg/d × 3 days) before CIS administration (single ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gaona-Gaona L,Molina-Jijón E,Tapia E,Zazueta C,Hernández-Pando R,Calderón-Oliver M,Zarco-Márquez G,Pinzón E,Pedraza-Chaverri J

更新日期：2011-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of low doses of (S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R)-cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (Roussel UCLAF, Paris, France), (deltamethrin) upon sympathetic-adrenomedullary and pituitary-adrenocortical activity were investigated in rats by measuring plasma noradrenaline (NA), adrenalin...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： de Boer SF,van der Gugten J,Slangen JL,Hijzen TH

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have previously shown that young guinea pigs repeatedly exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke (SS) develop decreased airway reactivity of the C-fiber system without changing reactivity to one of its neurotransmitters, substance P (SP). This study was designed to determine whether the decreased reactivity was due to...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Joad JP,Avadhanam KP,Watt KC,Kott KS,Bric JM,Pinkerton KE

更新日期：1996-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The organophosphorus nerve agent soman is an irreversible cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor that can produce long-lasting seizures and brain damage in which the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and glutamate are involved. These same neurotransmitters play key-roles in the auditory function. It was then assumed that explor...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Job A,Baille V,Dorandeu F,Pouyatos B,Foquin A,Delacour C,Denis J,Carpentier P

更新日期：2007-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Silicosis is a universal occupational disease, which is caused by long-term crystalline silica exposure. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNAs participate in diverse pathological cellular pathways. However, the precise regulation mechanism remains limited in silicosis. Here, we established a silica-induced mou...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cheng D,Xu Q,Liu Y,Li G,Sun W,Ma D,Ni C

更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of lindane on alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and uridine uptake were studied in the rat line C-6 of glial origin. Different levels of modifications could be distinguished by use of 2 modes of investigation. One study, carried out within minutes of contact with lindane, has shown that the inhibition of alpha-am...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Roux F,Treich I,Fournier E

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium being a potent immunotoxicant, affects both humoral and cell mediated immunity. However, its effect on spleen is not clearly understood. Hence, to delineate the action of Cd, mouse splenic lymphocytes were exposed to Cd (10, 25 and 50 microM) for 60 min, 1.5, 3, 6 and 18 h. At 6 h, apoptosis was reflected by D...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pathak N,Khandelwal S

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Testicular injury is often observed in drug development. Serum hormones are usually used as noninvasive biomarkers for testicular injury; however, their sensitivities are low. Therefore, it is difficult to monitor testicular injury in drug development. In recent years, molecules in body fluid exosomes have attracted a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kawata R,Kagawa T,Koya Y,Kajiyama H,Oda S,Yokoi T

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intravenous LD50 of cefuroxime sodium for mice was 10.4 g/kg. The maximum dosage administered in other acute toxicity tests was well tolerated by mice (10 g/kg, subcutaneous), by rats (4 g/kg, intravenous, 5 g/kg, subcutaneous) and by cats, dogs and monkeys (2 g/kg, intramuscularly). Cefuroxime sodium was administ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Capel-Edwards K,Atkinson RM,Pratt DA

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Indoor suspended particulate matter (SPM) consists of many different types of particles, the vast majority of which are less than 2.5 microm in diameter. An important question is how these particles, being inhalable, contribute to asthma and respiratory symptoms. One possibility is that these particles have an adjuvan...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ormstad H,Gaarder PI,Johansen BV,Løvik M

更新日期：1998-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have reported that maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces socioemotional and cognitive disturbances in rat offspring. In the present study, the effects of maternal TCDD exposure on putative inhibitory interneurons were investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nguyen MN,Nishijo M,Nguyen AT,Bor A,Nakamura T,Hori E,Nakagawa H,Ono T,Nishijo H

更新日期：2013-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous substances or xenoestrogens natural or synthetic, capable of interacting with different systems and altering their normal hormonal regulation, being the reproductive system one of the most affected. EDs produce their effects not only by acting on nuclear steroid receptors, but ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ponzo OJ,Silvia C

更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Disorders in the barrier function and secretory activity of the placenta can be caused by xenobiotics (XB) present in the environment and their accumulation in tissues of living organisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,-bis-4-chlorophenyl-ethane (DDT) and its metaboli...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wojciechowska A,Mlynarczuk J,Kotwica J

更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although manufactured magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are currently used in many fields, NPs have potential toxicity on cardiovascular system especially atherosclerosis. In our previous study, we prepared novel Fe3O4 nanoparticles surface-coated with aminoguanidine (Fe3O4-AG NPs) which could remove acid dyes from aqueous...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Qu G,Wu Q,Zhao B,Miao J,Su L

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats which were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with FeCl2 X 4H2O expired ethane which increased with increasing doses of iron. The same amount of ethane was expired by animals exposed to 20% or 100% oxygen. The mobilization by FeCl2 of stored ethane from the body was excluded. Propane expiration was also stimulated ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Muliawan H,Kappus H

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxicity studies with drugs in animals are performed to establish the toxicity profile including the no-toxic-effect-level in the animals. One of the responses used in the search for effects is organ weight. Since organ weight is related to body weight of the animal, the analysis of organ weight has to be adjusted. A ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Andersen H,Larsen S,Spliid H,Christensen ND

更新日期：1999-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlordecone (CD) impairs biliary excretion of organic anions (including phenolphthalein glucuronide (PG), imipramine polar metabolites, and taurocholate) without evidence of hepatocellular necrosis in rats. In this study we investigated the hypothesis that CD-induced hepatobiliary dysfunction is dependent on CD concen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rochelle LG,Curtis LR

更新日期：1994-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely believed that the nigrostriatal toxicity of MPTP is due to its oxidation by brain monoamine oxidase first to MPDP+, and eventually to MPP+. Following uptake by the synaptic dopamine reuptake system, it is concentrated in the matrix of striatal mitochondria by an energy-dependent carrier, energized by the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Singer TP,Ramsay RR,McKeown K,Trevor A,Castagnoli NE Jr

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osteotoxic compounds administered during pregnancy can initiate skeletal congenital anomalies in the embryo. In vitro, developmental osteotoxicity of a compound can be predicted with the embryonic stem cell test (EST), the only in vitro embryotoxicity model identified to date that entirely abrogates the use of animals...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： zur Nieden NI,Davis LA,Rancourt DE

更新日期：2010-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:In the rat the hepatotoxicity of bromobenzene is greatly enhanced by the introduction of a cyano group adjacent to the bromine (i.e. o-bromobenzonitrile). Epoxide metabolites of these aryl halides are believed to be the actual toxic species, but epoxides of the latter compound also possess a second site of chemical re...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gottschall DW,Harder RR,Wiley RA,Hanzlik RP

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 4 S polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-binding protein had been implicated in regulating the expression of rat cytochrome P450IA1 which is most closely associated with aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). We have now investigated the presence of both the 4 S PAH-binding protein and the 8 S Ah receptor in rat hep...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Raha A,Reddy V,Xu LC,Houser WH,Bresnick E

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human exposure assessment is frequently noted as a weak link and bottleneck in the risk assessment process. Fortunately, the World Wide Web and Internet are providing access to numerous valuable sources of human exposure assessment-related information, along with opportunities for information exchange. Internet mailin...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Schwela D,Hakkinen PJ

更新日期：2004-05-20 00:00:00