Quantitation of blood plasma DNA as an index of in vivo cytotoxicity.

abstract：:Amiodarone is a class III anti-arrhythmic compound that is iodinated, cationic and amphiphilic in nature. The clinical use of amiodarone may be associated with various side-effects, including pulmonary and hepatic toxicity. Use of this compound during pregnancy may therefore place the fetus at risk through in utero ex...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hill DA,Reasor MJ

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a Japanese chemical factory, a lung disease like pneumoconiosis appeared at a high rate among workers handling cross-linked water-soluble acrylic acid polymer (CWAAP). To our knowledge, no such case was known in the world until very recently. The present study was designed to elucidate the effect of single intratra...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Suka M,Kido T,Yoshioka W,Hachisuka E,Okoshi H,Yamauchi T,Hano H,Okano T,Yokoyama M,Yanagisawa H

更新日期：2021-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic pyrethroids are used as insecticides in agriculture and a variety of household applications worldwide. Pyrethroids are widely distributed in all environmental compartments and the general populations are exposed to pyrethroids through various routes. Pyrethroids have been identified as endocrine-disrupting c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang Q,Shen JY,Zhang R,Hong JW,Li Z,Ding Z,Wang HX,Zhang JP,Zhang MR,Xu LC

更新日期：2020-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Quartz is a well-known occupational fibrogenic agent able to cause fibrosis and other severe pulmonary diseases such as silicosis and lung cancer. The silicotic pathology owes its severity to the structural and chemo-physical properties of the particles such as shape, size and abundance of surface radicals. In earlier...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pozzolini M,Vergani L,Ragazzoni M,Delpiano L,Grasselli E,Voci A,Giovine M,Scarfì S

更新日期：2016-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Clarifying the participation of oxidative stress among possible contributing factors in potassium bromate (KBrO(3))-induced carcinogenesis is of importance from the perspective of human health protection. In the present study, utilizing the antioxidative effects of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-TP) or sodium ascorbic acid (...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Umemura T,Tasaki M,Kijima A,Okamura T,Inoue T,Ishii Y,Suzuki Y,Masui N,Nohmi T,Nishikawa A

更新日期：2009-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:It is reported that diesel exhaust particles contain more 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) than benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), both of which are potent carcinogenic compounds. In this study, we show that 1-NP is more potent in reducing cell viability than B[a]P, pyrene, nitrobenzene, and nitromethane. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are enz...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Su JG,Liao PJ,Huang MC,Chu WC,Lin SC,Chang YJ

更新日期：2008-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The protective effect of telmisartan, the angiotensin II-receptor antagonist, against liver toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg/day, p.o., for 30 days) was investigated in mice. Telmisartan treatment (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was applied for 30 days, starting on the same day of arsenic administration. Telmisartan ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fouad AA,Al-Mulhim AS,Jresat I

更新日期：2012-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of insecticides currently in use throughout the world belong to the class of the organophosphorus insecticides. Many of these compounds, such as the phosphorothioate insecticides, exert their mammalian toxicity only after undergoing metabolic activation by a variety of cytochrome P450 isoforms to produce ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ramos S,Sultatos L

更新日期：1998-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) gas is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels and substances. From a public health perspective, CO poisoning may be the cause of more than 50% of fatal poisonings in many industrial countries. The adverse effects of CO poisoning may be more widespread because of unreported si...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Omaye ST

更新日期：2002-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the ability of alachlor to cause DNA damage by measuring single-strand breaks (SSB) in DNA, after metabolic activation by freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. Incubation of different concentrations of alachlor with rat hepatocytes led to numerous metabolites. The majority, isolated and identified by GC-MS...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bonfanti M,Taverna P,Chiappetta L,Villa P,D'Incalci M,Bagnati R,Fanelli R

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxicity studies with drugs in animals are performed to establish the toxicity profile including the no-toxic-effect-level in the animals. One of the responses used in the search for effects is organ weight. Since organ weight is related to body weight of the animal, the analysis of organ weight has to be adjusted. A ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Andersen H,Larsen S,Spliid H,Christensen ND

更新日期：1999-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metals, such as iron and manganese, are involved in neurologic disease. Most often these diseases are associated with abnormal environmental exposures or abnormal accumulations of heavy metals in the body. There is increasing recognition that heavy metals normally present in the body also may play a role in dise...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Montgomery EB Jr

更新日期：1995-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:An increasing body of data has been demonstrating that mammalian cells have elaborate networks of molecular signalling in counteracting heat shock and in developing adaptation to oxidative stress to avoid cell death. However, the precise mechanisms linking heat shock, oxidative stress and cell survival/cell death mech...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Santos-Marques MJ,Carvalho F,Sousa C,Remião F,Vitorino R,Amado F,Ferreira R,Duarte JA,de Lourdes Bastos M

更新日期：2006-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Toluene is a widely abused inhaled solvent. This study was designed to determine whether toluene abuse affects the reproductive functions or general health of males. Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to toluene vapor inhalation (0, 4000, or 6000 ppm; 2 h/day) daily for 5 weeks. Exposure-related supp...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ono A,Kawashima K,Sekita K,Hirose A,Ogawa Y,Saito M,Naito K,Yasuhara K,Kaneko T,Furuya T,Inoue T,Kurokawa Y

更新日期：1999-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Male rats provided with a 5 or 15% (v/v) ethanol solution as the sole source of fluid consumed ethanol at a rate of 11.4 or 24.9% of total calories (4.2 or 8.3 g/kg daily). After ethanol consumption lasting 1, 2 and 3 weeks the hepatotoxicity of CCl4 (0.1 ml/kg i.p.) was elevated by determination of serum activities o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Strubelt O,Obermeier F,Siegers CP,Vöpel M

更新日期：1978-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review presents a brief and non-comprehensive overview of a representative sampling of some of the broad array of toxicology-related learning, tutorial and information resources now becoming widely available to educators, health professionals, students and the general public in digital media and/or via the Intern...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sharpe JF,Eaton DL,Marcus CB

更新日期：2001-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnant M. ochrogaster received single intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of 0.06, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1,2, or 5 mg phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA/kg of body weight on day 8, 9, or 10 of gestation or 0.5 mg PMA/kg on day 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 of gestation. No toxicity was exhibited, and no abnormal fetuses were observed in an...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hartke GT,Oehme FW,Leipold HW,Kruckenberg SM

更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ubiquitous presence of nanoparticles (NPs) together with increasing evidence linking them to negative health effects points towards the need to develop the understanding of mechanisms by which they exert toxic effects. This study was designed to investigate the role of surface area and oxidative stress in the cell...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hussain S,Boland S,Baeza-Squiban A,Hamel R,Thomassen LC,Martens JA,Billon-Galland MA,Fleury-Feith J,Moisan F,Pairon JC,Marano F

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiols are known to influence the metabolism of glutathione. In a previous study (Toxicology 156 (2001) 93) dithiothreitol (DTT) did not show any effect on intra- or extracellular glutathione concentrations in HeLa cell cultures but increased the effects of mercury ions on glutathione concentrations, whereas monothiol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hultberg B,Andersson A,Isaksson A

更新日期：2002-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents an overview of issues related to surface water contamination arising from uranium mining activities in the Alligator Rivers Region (ARR) of northern Australia, and a program of research and monitoring that must assess the potential and actual effects on ecosystem and human health. The program of as...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： van Dam RA,Humphrey CL,Martin P

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Adriamycin (ADR), an anthracycline antibiotic, which is widely used as an antineoplastic drug in the treatment of various solid tumors, has been shown to induce genotoxicity in erythropoietic system. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective efficacy of DL-alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on ADR-induced cla...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Prahalathan C,Selvakumar E,Varalakshmi P,Kumarasamy P,Saravanan R

更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of thallous cation (Tl(+)) on: (a) the production of oxidant species and (b) membrane fluidity were evaluated in human leukemia T cells (Jurkat). After 72 h of incubation in the presence of Tl(+) (5-100 microM), no significant changes in cell viability were observed, although the average cell size was decr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Verstraeten SV

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alkylfurans inflict toxicity in several mammalian species to lung, liver and kidney. Organ specificity of the alkylfurans is a sensitive function of the nature of the alkyl group. To determine if this toxicity requires an aromatic ring in the compound, we synthesized 4-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran, 4-ethyl-2,3-dihydrofuran...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zenk P,Brinkman R,Gammal L,Penka V,Bresnahan J,Wiley R,Traiger G

更新日期：1990-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The consumption of diets rich in plant foods are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. This study was aimed to evaluate the role of S-allylcysteine (SAC) in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. Subcutaneous injection of ISO (150 mg/kg) to Wistar rats showed a significant...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Padmanabhan M,Prince PS

更新日期：2006-07-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Gordonia axillaris (Roxb.) Dietrich (Theaceae) is a native to Taiwan and the leaves have been used as an astringent folk medicine. Camelliin B (CB), a macrocyclic hydrolyzable tannin, was isolated from G. axillaris and showed cytotoxic effects in human carcinoma cells. Among the target cells (SKHep-1, Ha-22T, DU-145, ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang CC,Chen LG,Yang LL

更新日期：2001-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimony compounds are widely used in various manufacturing and semiconducting industries. Previously, it has been shown that antimony trichloride (SbCl3) elevates sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rates in V79 cells after a 28-h incubation. However, only limited data on its genotoxic effects are available so far. The p...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Huang H,Shu SC,Shih JH,Kuo CJ,Chiu ID

更新日期：1998-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The zebrafish Danio rerio embryo test with metabolic activation (mDarT) was developed to assess the teratogenic effects of proteratogens. In this study induced rat liver microsomes (RLM) were used as a mammalian metabolic activation system (MAS), since they contain various cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms at high concen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Weigt S,Huebler N,Braunbeck T,von Landenberg F,Broschard TH

更新日期：2010-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested, on the basis of work in cell-free systems, that sulfonamide hydroxy-lamines are metabolized to nitroso metabolites which may be the proximate toxins mediating sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions. We performed time-course experiments investigating the toxicity of the hydroxylamine and nitroso ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rieder MJ,Krause R,Bird IA

更新日期：1995-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-nitrosamines (NNA) are mainly activated by cytochrome P450s, and their associated enzyme activities such as aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH), N-nitrosdimethylamine N-demethylase I (NDMA-dI), NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, and detoxified by glutathione S-t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sheweita SA,Newairy AA,Mansour HA,Yousef MI

更新日期：2002-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Role of chromium(III) in biological systems is controversial and no significant conclusions can be arrived with the available data. Chromium(VI) enters in to the cell readily and gets reduced to form stable chromium(III) complexes. Chromium(III) complexes react slowly and were considered non-toxic. Recent studies sugg...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Raja NS,Nair BU

更新日期：2008-09-29 00:00:00