Digital toxicology education tools: education, training, case studies, and tutorials.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Endothelins (ET) can be considered stress-responsive regulators working in paracrine and autocrine fashion. It has been suggested that elevated levels of ET may be responsible for the low coronary re-flow phenomena. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was shown to stimulate ET release in rat heart; however, the mechan...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ozdemir R,Parlakpinar H,Polat A,Colak C,Ermis N,Acet A

更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to test the hypothesis that Leydig cells are required for the acute toxic effect of cadmium on the testis, adult male rats were treated with the Leydig cell toxin ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS). Four days later, when all Leydig cells are removed from the testis, the EDS treated and control rats were given a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bergh AR

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in the metabolism of arsenite and arsenate by generating arsenic-glutathione complexes. Although dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)) is the major metabolite of inorganic arsenicals (iAs) in urine, it is not clear how DMA(V) is produced from iAs. In the present study we report that S...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hirano S,Kobayashi Y

更新日期：2006-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimethoate, azinphos-methyl, diazinon and pirimiphos-methyl, widely used organophosphorous insecticides, and benomyl, a benzimidazole fungicide, induce different cytotoxic effects on the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Among the insecticides tested, only azinphos and diazinon induced a dose-related inhibition of prote...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Marinovich M,Guizzetti M,Galli CL

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the toxic effect of terephthalic acid (TPA) on testicular functions of rats, male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered TPA in diet at the levels 0 (control), 0.2, 1 and 5% for 90 days. Testicular functions were assessed by histopathology, testicular sperm head counts, daily sperm production, spe...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cui L,Dai G,Xu L,Wang S,Song L,Zhao R,Xiao H,Zhou J,Wang X

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the current study, we used pathway-specific cDNA arrays to detect the transcriptional signature induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in vivo by studying simultaneously the expression profiles of 83 genes involved in apoptosis, cytokine production and angiogenesis. To this end, C57BL/6 mice were inj...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zeytun A,McKallip RJ,Fisher M,Camacho I,Nagarkatti M,Nagarkatti PS

更新日期：2002-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of zinc as a nutritional supplement has become common in many countries. Since zinc has diverse actions, it may be difficult to predict its synergistic and/or antagonistic action in simultaneous presence of drug(s). The combination of imidazole antifungals, but not triazole antifungals, with 3-30 microM ZnCl2 ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Matsui H,Sakanashi Y,Oyama TM,Oyama Y,Yokota S,Ishida S,Okano Y,Oyama TB,Nishimura Y

更新日期：2008-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Previously, we evaluated the effects of lactational exposure to a representative mixture of the six indicator non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (∑6 NDL-PCBs) at low levels on the neurobiological changes and developmental/behavioral performances in mice. In this study, we analyzed the global gene expression pro...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Elnar AA,Desor F,Marin F,Soulimani R,Nemos C

更新日期：2015-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the role of miRNAs in DNA damage response in HepG2 cells following exposure to 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP). The arylamine 4-ABP is a human carcinogen. Using the Comet assay, we showed that 4-ABP (18.75-300μM) induces DNA damage in HepG2 cells after 24h. DNA damage signaling pathway-based PCR arrays were used t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Huan LC,Wu JC,Chiou BH,Chen CH,Ma N,Chang CY,Tsen YK,Chen SC

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A single intraperitoneal injection of 10(-6.5) mol lanthanum chloride/g body wt (44 mg metal/kg body wt) into pregnant mice reduced the number of successful pregnancies and the average litter size. The most susceptible periods of pregnancy were peri-implantation (days 4 and 6) and near-term period (days 14 and 16). In...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Abramczuk JW

更新日期：1985-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Potassium dichromate was given to female Swiss mice (25 mg/kg per day) orally in water for 1-3 days. Brain homogenates were prepared to evaluate the occurrence of oxidative stress in this organ through the measurement of the antioxidant defense levels, and the extent of lipid peroxidation. In addition, mitochondrial f...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Travacio M,María Polo J,Llesuy S

更新日期：2000-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Defining the impact on health of exposure to a low-dose pesticide mixture via food intake is a topical question since epidemiological studies suggest that this may increase the risk of pathologies and particularly haematopoietic malignancies. Here we investigated on the haematopoietic system of mice, the effect of a m...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Merhi M,Demur C,Racaud-Sultan C,Bertrand J,Canlet C,Estrada FB,Gamet-Payrastre L

更新日期：2010-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Several dicationic amphiphilic compounds, such as the immunomodulator tilorone and analogues, impair the lysosomal catabolism of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Thereby they cause lysosomal GAG storage in rats and in cultured fibroblasts of several species including man. The GAG storage is rather slowly reversibl...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bispinck F,Fischer J,Lüllmann-Rauch R,von Witzendorff B

更新日期：1998-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Alkylfurans inflict toxicity in several mammalian species to lung, liver and kidney. Organ specificity of the alkylfurans is a sensitive function of the nature of the alkyl group. To determine if this toxicity requires an aromatic ring in the compound, we synthesized 4-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran, 4-ethyl-2,3-dihydrofuran...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zenk P,Brinkman R,Gammal L,Penka V,Bresnahan J,Wiley R,Traiger G

更新日期：1990-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Clarification of the key regulatory steps that lead to nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) under cellular and pathological conditions is very important. The action of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) on the upstream of NF-kappaB activation remains controversial. To examine this issue using an in vivo lung in...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kim HJ,Lee HS,Chong YH,Kang JL

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of oxidative damage in lead-induced toxicity in humans and to enlighten whether oxidative stress indicators are correlated with the known indices of lead toxicity. For these purposes, selected oxidative stress parameters along with some clinical indices o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gurer-Orhan H,Sabir HU,Ozgüneş H

更新日期：2004-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cetaben and clofibrate were each administered to groups of 6 rats (3 male and 3 female) by gavage at dosages of 50 mg/kg per day and 200 mg/kg per day for 2 weeks. Cetaben caused 1 death at 200 mg/kg per day and decreases in body weight gain and food consumption at 50 mg/kg per day or more. There were no effects on bo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fort FL,Stein HH,Langenberg K,Lewkowski JP,Heyman IA,Kesterson JW

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To establish a paraquat-resistant Wistar rat strain, we carried out continuous sister-brother mating among rats that survived high-dose intraperitoneal administration of paraquat dichloride (360 mg/kg). The percentages of paraquat-resistant rats among wild rats and among the fifth-generations were 7.1% and 20.6%, resp...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nakajima M,Nagao M,Iwasa M,Monma-Ohtaki J,Maeno Y,Koyama H,Seko-Nakamura Y,Isobe I,Takatori T

更新日期：2000-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Short term exposure of cultured chick ganglia nerve fibers and neuroglia to selenite produced half maximal inhibitory growth effects in concentrations of 6.2 (2.9--13.0) X 10(-5) M and 1.1 (0.7--1.7) X 10(-4) M, respectively. Complete inhibition of growth for both cell types was apparent at 1 X 10(-3) M, while slight ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Obersteiner EJ,Sharma RP

更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The activity of the haem biosynthetic enzymes delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase (ALA.S) and delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA.D) were measured in the peripheral blood of a group of lead workers and control subjects. The haem precursor delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) was measured in blood and urine, whil...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Meredith PA,Moore MR,Campbell BC,Thompson GG,Goldberg A

更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies greatly within human populations in response to environmental risk agents. The mechanisms underlying differential susceptibility are still largely unknown and need to be clarified to improve HCC chemoprevention and therapeutic treatment. Inbred rodent strains...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Timofeeva OA,Eremeev AV,Goloshchapov A,Kalashnikova E,Ilnitskaya S,Setkov NA,Kobzev V,Buzard GS,Filipenko ML,Kaledin VI,Merkulova TI

更新日期：2008-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydroquinone (HQ) is naturally found in the diet, drugs, as an environmental contaminant and endogenously generated after benzene exposure. Considering that HQ alters the immune system and its several source of exposures in the environment, we hypothesized that prolonged exposure of HQ could affect the course of an im...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Macedo SM,Vaz SC,Lourenço EL,de Sousa Mda G,Ligeiro-Oliveira AP,Ferreira JM Jr,Almeida SR,de Lima WT,Farsky SH

更新日期：2007-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Ketamine, an anaesthetic agent used in newborns and toddlers, has been shown to induce neurodegeneration and alter adult behavior in mice, when administered during the neonatal period. Mammals have a marked period of rapid brain growth and development (BGS), which is postnatal in mice and rats, spanning the first 3-4 ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Viberg H,Pontén E,Eriksson P,Gordh T,Fredriksson A

更新日期：2008-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible role of ionotropics glutamate receptors on the HgCl(2)-induced dopamine (DA) release from rat striatum was investigated by using in vivo brain microdialysis technique after administration of selective NMDA and AMPA/Kainate receptors antagonists dizocilpine (MK-801), D (-)-2-amino-5-phoshonopentanoic acid ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vidal L,Durán R,Faro LF,Campos F,Cervantes RC,Alfonso M

更新日期：2007-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabonomics involves the application of advanced analytical tools to profile the diverse metabolic complement of a given biofluid or tissue. Subsequent statistical modelling of the complex multivariate spectral profiles enables discrimination between phenotypes of interest and identifies panels of discriminatory meta...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Coen M

更新日期：2010-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This review deals with some of our contributions to the use of chemotaxis, as a tool in evaluating effects of industrial xenobiotics on PMN, either in vitro or ex vivo. In vitro experiments have shown that lead, arsenic, styrene and 2,5-hexanedione, a major neurotoxicant metabolite of n-hexane, reduce chemotaxis. The ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Governa M,Valentino M,Visonà I

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) on the brain of mice were examined by light-microscopy under the intended conditions of use of this material. Basal diet containing 5, 10 or 15% w/w MSG was fed to pregnant, lactating and weanling mice ad libitum, resulting in the ingestion of 14.0, 42.8 or 42.0 g/kg body wt...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Takasaki Y

更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The developing nervous system is susceptible to lead (Pb) exposure but less is known about the effect of this toxic agent in adult rat brain. Since astrocytes serve as a cellular Pb deposition site, it is of importance to investigate the response of astroglial cells in the adult rat brain in a model of acute lead expo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Struzyñska L,Bubko I,Walski M,Rafałowska U

更新日期：2001-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to overcome cellular barriers in the body is crucial for efficient delivery of drugs to the target where intervention is needed. For drugs acting in the brain it is essential to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Such drugs include antidotes for the treatment of organophosphate poisoning, a current wa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kobrlova T,Soukup O

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The measurement of levels of organic pollutants and/or their metabolites in body tissues or fluids are specific markers of internal dose and, provided that the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds in question are known, these levels may also be used as predictors of effects. Although historical data still remai...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Larsen JC

更新日期：1995-07-26 00:00:00