Effect of oral administration of terephthalic acid on testicular functions of rats.

abstract：:The ubiquitous presence of nanoparticles (NPs) together with increasing evidence linking them to negative health effects points towards the need to develop the understanding of mechanisms by which they exert toxic effects. This study was designed to investigate the role of surface area and oxidative stress in the cell...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hussain S,Boland S,Baeza-Squiban A,Hamel R,Thomassen LC,Martens JA,Billon-Galland MA,Fleury-Feith J,Moisan F,Pairon JC,Marano F

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vivo effects of sodium cyanide and its antidotes, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate and 4-dimethylaminophenol (DMAP), as well as the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine, on rat brain cytochrome oxidase were studied. The course of inhibition was time-dependent and a peak of 40% was attained between 15 ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tadić V

更新日期：1992-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Daily oral administration of either 20, 40 or 60 mg/kg chlorphentermine for 7 days significantly increased liver and kidney DNA levels, which were not elevated further even after a 3 week treatment period. Although cessation of drug administration for 3 weeks resulted in a return of hepatic DNA levels to control value...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kacew S,Dubas TC,Stevenson AJ

更新日期：1978-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The histogenesis of coumarin-induced cholangiofibrosis in the rat has been determined. Proliferation of ductal structures was preceded by extensive damage to hepatocytes in the centrilobular region. Focal proliferation of ducts and fibrous tissue was present at 3 months and typical areas of cholangiofibrosis at 6 mont...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Evans JG,Appleby EC,Lake BG,Conning DM

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) is a dangerous exogenous poison and an essential endogenous neurotransmitter. This gas when inhaled has an anaesthetic effect, which is poorly understood, but which may be fatal if compensatory mechanisms are exhausted, if cardiac oxygen (O(2)) needs exceed myocardial oxygenation and/or if apnoea ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gorman D,Drewry A,Huang YL,Sames C

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Food labels are an important educational tool to assist consumers in making healthy food choices. In addition to mandatory nutritional labeling information, manufacturers have a variety of options on the food/supplement packages to communicate the nutrition/health benefits of their products. This paper describes the d...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Agarwal S,Hordvik S,Morar S

更新日期：2006-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a model for the treatment of data of concentration of brain neurotransmitters (particularly serotonin and the catecholamines), in which the changes induced by any given treatment on the neurotransmitter (NT) and its main metabolite (ME) are converted into 2 new parameters named S and U, that are rela...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Artigas F,Martínez E,Camón L,Rodríguez Farré E

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several epidemiological studies have shown that acute exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and that these effects are especially exacerbated among individuals with pre-existing compromised cardiovascular function such as hypertension. This study ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nemmar A,Zia S,Subramaniyan D,Fahim MA,Ali BH

更新日期：2011-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of oxidative stress by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) both as a pure compound and in commercial formulation was investigated during early pregnancy in mice. Pregnant animals were exposed to increasing doses of the herbicide (0.01, 0.1 and 100mg/kg/d) during gestation days 0-9, after which animals wer...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Dinamarca VM,Hidalgo ME,Cavieres MF

更新日期：2007-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Different affinities of blood for CO were observed in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Hamsters showed the greatest relative affinity (1.0), the corresponding value for rats was 0.8, for pigs 0.74 and for rabbits 0.58. The upward shift of the saturation curves was dependent on the rate of respiratory exchange per uni...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Klimisch HJ,Chevalier HJ,Harke HP,Dontenwill W

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The long-term clinical usefulness of doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline with potent antitumor activity, is limited by DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Kaempferol, one of the most common dietary flavonoids, is known to have anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study aimed to investi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Xiao J,Sun GB,Sun B,Wu Y,He L,Wang X,Chen RC,Cao L,Ren XY,Sun XB

更新日期：2012-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity reflects damage to hepatocytes and is considered to be a highly sensitive and fairly specific preclinical and clinical biomarker of hepatotoxicity. However, an increase in serum ALT activity level has also been associated with other organ toxicities, thus, ind...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ozer J,Ratner M,Shaw M,Bailey W,Schomaker S

更新日期：2008-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium is a heavy metal, which is widely used in industry, affecting human health through occupational and environmental exposure. In mammals, it exerts multiple toxic effects and has been classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Cadmium affects cell proliferation, differen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Waisberg M,Joseph P,Hale B,Beyersmann D

更新日期：2003-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats poisoned with one LD50 of thiopental or amytal are shown to increase oxygen consumption when intraperitoneally given sucinate, malate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, dimethylsuccinate or glutamate (the Krebs cycle intermediates or their precursors) but not when given glucose, pyruvate, acetate, benzoate or nicotin...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ivnitsky JJ,Schäfer TV,Malakhovsky VN,Rejniuk VL

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenicals are known to induce ROS, which can lead to DNA damage, oxidative stress, and carcinogenesis. A human urothelial cell line, UROtsa, was used to study the effects of arsenicals on the human bladder. Arsenite [As(III)] and monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)] induce oxidative stress in UROtsa cells after exposur...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Eblin KE,Hau AM,Jensen TJ,Futscher BW,Gandolfi AJ

更新日期：2008-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic rat mutation assays can be used to assess genotoxic properties of chemicals in target organs for carcinogenicity. Mutations in transgenes are genetically neutral and accumulate during a treatment period; thus, assays are suitable for assessing the genotoxic risk of chemicals using a repeated-dose treatment ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kawamura Y,Hayashi H,Masumura K,Numazawa S,Nohmi T

更新日期：2014-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:A large number of published studies support the notion that long term, low level (LTLL) exposure to organophosphorus (OP) esters may cause neurological and neurobehavioral effects. In order to differentiate these from other effects of OP such as the acute cholinergic episodes, intermediate syndrome and organophosphate...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jamal GA,Hansen S,Julu PO

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectrum of the anti-apoptotic potential of heparin is currently under scrutiny in various tissues and under various pathological situations. In this study, the role of a low-molecular-weight heparin derivative (LMWH), certoparin in adriamycin-induced oxidative DNA damage has been evaluated in the cardiac and rena...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Deepa PR,Varalakshmi P

更新日期：2006-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroacetic acid, TCA, is a water chlorination by-product similar to dichloroacetic acid, DCA. Because DCA has been shown to have effects on intermediary metabolism, TCA was tested to determine if it possesses similar capabilities. The effects were more pronounced in females. High doses of TCA (2.45 mumol/kg three...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Davis ME

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To check the possible toxicity risks of the meat from swine fed with a residue producing feed additive: Carbadox, a new methodology was used. It is the "Relay Toxicity". Swine were fed with a high dose of the additive and sacrificed without any withdrawal. In such conditions meat contains a high level of residues. The...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ferrando R,Truhaut R,Raynaud JP,Spanoghe JP

更新日期：1978-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of clinical reports and experimental studies have shown that autoimmune responses and/or autoimmune diseases are induced in humans and laboratory animals by chronic exposure to various chemicals. The present review is focused on the most frequent groups of chemically induced human disorders. Results obtained ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bigazzi PE

更新日期：1997-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of 6 weekly injections of ochratoxin A (5 mg/kg) and citrinin (20 mg/kg) on the following hematological indices of mice was studied: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hematocrit percentage, mean corpuscular values, red cell indices, platelet count, total count of bone marrow cells, differential count of bone ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gupta M,Sasmal D,Bandyopadhyay S,Bagchi G,Chatterjee T,Dey S

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Utah Valley has provided an interesting and unique opportunity to evaluate the health effects of respirable particulate air pollution (PM10). Residents of this valley are predominantly nonsmoking members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons). The area has moderately high average PM10 levels with...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pope CA 3rd

更新日期：1996-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:As vaccines are undoubtedly classified as pharmaceuticals, they have to be submitted to strict non-clinical safety evaluation. The context of their prophylactic use requires that every effort is made to ensure their safe use. Their safety evaluation is complex as they act through a multistage mechanism in which the va...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Verdier F

更新日期：2002-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a matter of global concern. Arsenic intake impairs immune responses and leads to a variety of pathological conditions including cancer. In order to understand the intricate tuning of immune responses elicited by chronic exposure to arsenic, a mouse model was established by su...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Choudhury S,Gupta P,Ghosh S,Mukherjee S,Chakraborty P,Chatterji U,Chattopadhyay S

更新日期：2016-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Many models have been developed to predict the combined effect of drugs and chemicals. Most models are classified into two additive models: independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA). It is generally considered if the modes of action of chemicals are similar then the combined effect obeys CA; however, man...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kamo M,Yokomizo H

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ligand-activated nuclear receptor AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) mediates the response of hepatocytes to various exogenous compounds. AhR is classically activated by planar, aromatic hydrocarbons, but also by other, structurally rather unrelated compounds. Recent data show that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signali...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vaas S,Kreft L,Schwarz M,Braeuning A

更新日期：2014-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) is being considered as a tool to predict the potential of drugs for inducing systemic autoimmune and hypersensitivity reactions. Despite the use of different technical approaches and the evaluation of over 130 compounds, the sensitivity and specificity of the PLNA are still debata...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ravel G,Christ M,Horand F,Descotes J

更新日期：2004-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:This study evaluated a single intradermal injection model in the guinea pig with subsequent inhalation challenge and serological analysis as a method to predict the potential of chemicals to induce respiratory allergy. Four known respiratory allergens (trimellitic anhydride, diphenyl methane diisocyanate, phthalic anh...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Blaikie L,Morrow T,Wilson AP,Hext P,Hartop PJ,Rattray NJ,Woodcock D,Botham PA

更新日期：1995-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:In the rat the hepatotoxicity of bromobenzene is greatly enhanced by the introduction of a cyano group adjacent to the bromine (i.e. o-bromobenzonitrile). Epoxide metabolites of these aryl halides are believed to be the actual toxic species, but epoxides of the latter compound also possess a second site of chemical re...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gottschall DW,Harder RR,Wiley RA,Hanzlik RP

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00