[Toxicity by relay. III. Safety for the human consumer of the use of Carbadox, a feed additive for swine, as estimated by a 7 years relay toxicity on dogs].

abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an organochlorine pesticide that acts as an endocrine disruptor in humans and rodents. The development of breast cancer strongly depends on endocrine conditions modulated by environmental factors. We have demonstrated that HCB is a tumor co-carcinogen in rats and an inducer of proliferation ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Peña D,Pontillo C,García MA,Cocca C,Alvarez L,Chiappini F,Bourguignon N,Frahm I,Bergoc R,Kleiman de Pisarev D,Randi A

更新日期：2012-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Endothelins (ET) can be considered stress-responsive regulators working in paracrine and autocrine fashion. It has been suggested that elevated levels of ET may be responsible for the low coronary re-flow phenomena. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was shown to stimulate ET release in rat heart; however, the mechan...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ozdemir R,Parlakpinar H,Polat A,Colak C,Ermis N,Acet A

更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term exposure to pharmacological agents can select for cells that overexpress efflux transporters. We previously showed that mouse J774 macrophages cultivated for a prolonged period of time with toxic concentrations of the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin overexpress the efflux transporter Mrp4 and display a reduced...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vallet CM,Marquez B,Nhiri N,Anantharajah A,Mingeot-Leclercq MP,Tulkens PM,Lallemand JY,Jacquet E,Van Bambeke F

更新日期：2011-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The agricultural fungicide N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) is an acute nephrotoxicant in rats. Our previous studies have strongly suggested that glucuronide conjugation of NDPS metabolites might be a bioactivation step mediating NDPS nephrotoxicity. In this study, effects of substrates and/or inhibitors of pr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hong SK,Anestis DK,Brown PI,Rankin GO

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, more popularly called dioxin or TCDD and referred to in this review as 2,3,7,8-TCDD, is considered the prototype of the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD). The PCDD are true contaminants and are formed primarily as byproducts in the manufacture of materials requiring the use ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Holsapple MP,Snyder NK,Wood SC,Morris DL

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The antidotal property of oximes is attributed to their ability to reactivate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by organophosphorus compounds (OP) such as pesticides and nerve warfare agents. Understanding their interactions within the active site of phosphylated AChE is of great significance for the search for mo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Katalinić M,Šinko G,Maček Hrvat N,Zorbaz T,Bosak A,Kovarik Z

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stannous chloride (SnCl2) is a reducing chemical agent used in several man-made products. SnCl2 can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the present study has been carried out to investigate the antioxidant action of l-ascorbic acid (AA) in minimizing SnCl2 toxicity on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enz...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yousef MI,Awad TI,Elhag FA,Khaled FA

更新日期：2007-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The intravenous toxicity of phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate, IHP) has recently become of interest because of the potential for IHP incorporation into red blood cells to achieve a therapeutically useful shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve (Gersonde, K. and Nicolau, C., Blut, 39 (1979) 1). The obser...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gersonde K,Weiner M

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term "health/functional food" (HFF) refers to food supplements containing nutrients or other substances (in a concentrated form) that have a nutritional or physiological effect whose purpose is to supplement the normal diet. The Korean Health/Functional Food Act that came into effect in 2004 requires these product...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kim JY,Kim DB,Lee HJ

更新日期：2006-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Preclinical drug safety assessment includes in vitro studies with physiologically relevant cell cultures. As an in vitro system for hepatic toxicology testing, we have been generating cell clones of human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 by lentiviral transduction of phase I cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Here, we prese...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Steinbrecht S,König R,Schmidtke KU,Herzog N,Scheibner K,Krüger-Genge A,Jung F,Kammerer S,Küpper JH

更新日期：2019-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the biological and toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), dioxin-like compounds (DLC) as well as some drugs and endogenous tryptophan metabolites. Short-term activation of AhR can lead to hepatocellular s...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Oshida K,Vasani N,Thomas RS,Applegate D,Gonzalez FJ,Aleksunes LM,Klaassen CD,Corton JC

更新日期：2015-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Biodegradable nanoparticles are being considered more often as drug carriers to address pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic issues, yet nano-product safety has not been systematically proven. In this study, haematological, biochemical and histological parameters were examined on 28 day daily dosing of rats with nano- or m...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Venkatpurwar VP,Rhodes S,Oien KA,Elliott MA,Tekwe CD,Jørgensen HG,Kumar MN

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used for the treatment of dental caries and dentin hypersensitivity. However, its pro-apoptotic effect on odontoblasts may lead to harmful side-effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pro-apoptotic effects of NaF in odontoblasts and elucidate the possible underlying molec...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Li P,Xue Y,Zhang W,Teng F,Sun Y,Qu T,Chen X,Cheng X,Song B,Luo W,Yu Q

更新日期：2013-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Calf thymus DNA was reacted with 1,2-epoxybutene (BDO) in phosphate buffered saline at 37 degrees C for 12 h. DNA was ethanol precipitated and hydrolyzed with 1 M HCl to release DNA bases. Adenine (A)-BDO and guanine (Gua)-BDO adducts were analyzed in the ethanol supernatant and DNA hydrolysate using LC/ESI MS/MS. Rea...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kambouris SJ,Chaudhary AK,Blair IA

更新日期：1996-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of cultured rat mesangial cells to CdCl2 caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in intracellular glutathione that was significant at 0.5 microM and maximal at 1 microM Cd2+. The effect depended on glutathione synthesis and was masked by inhibiting synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine. The cells responded...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chin TA,Templeton DM

更新日期：1993-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal markers were investigated over 96 h in male Sprague-Dawley rats after i.v. administration of 10.7 mg kg(-1) of digoxin-specific Fab fragments (DSFab). The dose was calculated by an allometric equation as equivalent to a high clinical dose. DSFab both alone and pre-incubated with digoxin were tested. None of the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Advenier E,Mouajjah S,Bazin-Redureau M,Launay JM,Scherrmann JM

更新日期：1998-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that excess dietary Al during development can affect neurobehavioral measures and decrease tissue Mn of 21-day-old weanling mice without a corresponding increase in tissue Al concentrations. Al and Mn have similar tissue concentrations and similar affinities for transferrin, which is the ma...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Golub MS,Han B,Keen CL,Gershwin ME

更新日期：1993-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Urinary dialkylphosphates (DAPs) are measured to assess exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), but they are common metabolites of OPs and not specific indices for individual agents. Biomonitoring (BM) of urinary DAPs has been widely adopted as an assessment of individual exposure in general environments, howev...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sato H,Ito Y,Hanai C,Nishimura M,Ueyama J,Kamijima M

更新日期：2021-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Isoniazid is a widely used drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, but hepatotoxicity is a major concern during treatment. Thiopronin contains an SH-group and is generally considered an antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of thiopronin during liver injury and DNA damage induced by ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yue J,Dong G,He C,Chen J,Liu Y,Peng R

更新日期：2009-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of zinc and copper on delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase were studied in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro addition of zinc alone to whole blood resulted in a highly significant increase in enzyme activity. The addition of copper alone had the opposite effect with a significant decrease in enzyme activit...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nelson HM,Hughes MA,Meredith PA

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent epidemiological studies have reported associations between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and various types of human cancer; in addition, exposure to chlorine (Cl-) in drinking water has been reported to suppress certain immune functions in laboratory animals. The current studies were conducted t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： French AS,Copeland CB,Andrews DL,Wiliams WC,Riddle MM,Luebke RW

更新日期：1998-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroethylene (TCE) produced bronchiolar damage when administered to mice. Administration of 2000 mg/kg caused injury in Clara cells of the bronchiolar epithelium, which was observed at 24 h following TCE treatment; increase of the dosage to 2500 mg/kg induced additionally, alterations in alveolar Type II cells of...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Forkert PG,Sylvestre PL,Poland JS

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multidrug resistance type 1 P-glycoproteins (P-gp) and multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP) were studied in differentiated primary human lung cells in culture, in comparison with permanent human lung cell lines and primary alveolar type II cells from rat lung. AII cells exhibited low basal levels of mdr1b mR...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lehmann T,Köhler C,Weidauer E,Taege C,Foth H

更新日期：2001-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic and cadmium are both priority hazardous substances and human carcinogens. Although there is the potential for simultaneous exposure to both metals, the interactions of cadmium and arsenic are not well defined. We examined the toxicity of these metals when given alone or in alternating sequence to adult male Fi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hochadel JF,Waalkes MP

更新日期：1997-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has previously been shown to protect against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, but the mechanism of this effect was not clear. Treatment of mice with 1 mg/kg DMSO 4 h before 250 mg/kg APAP resulted in significantly less hepatotoxicity than with APAP alone, as measured by serum glut...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Park Y,Smith RD,Combs AB,Kehrer JP

更新日期：1988-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxalate is a minor, but important metabolite of ethylene glycol and has been directly linked with acute and subchronic renal toxicity in ethylene glycol poisoning. Numerous studies have characterized the cytotoxicity of oxalate as including plasma membrane damage and organelle injury. Oxalate has two forms in vivo: ox...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Guo C,McMartin KE

更新日期：2005-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been an intensive debate whether dietary exposure to acrylamide could increase the risk of human cancer since the first description of the presence of acrylamide in food in 2002. As the intestinal mechanisms of acrylamide absorption are poorly investigated we studied the transport of acrylamide in differenti...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zödl B,Schmid D,Wassler G,Gundacker C,Leibetseder V,Thalhammer T,Ekmekcioglu C

更新日期：2007-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:This review deals with some of our contributions to the use of chemotaxis, as a tool in evaluating effects of industrial xenobiotics on PMN, either in vitro or ex vivo. In vitro experiments have shown that lead, arsenic, styrene and 2,5-hexanedione, a major neurotoxicant metabolite of n-hexane, reduce chemotaxis. The ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Governa M,Valentino M,Visonà I

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A large number of published studies support the notion that long term, low level (LTLL) exposure to organophosphorus (OP) esters may cause neurological and neurobehavioral effects. In order to differentiate these from other effects of OP such as the acute cholinergic episodes, intermediate syndrome and organophosphate...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jamal GA,Hansen S,Julu PO

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of dioxin-induced neonatal hydronephrosis. Since the PGE2 receptor has four subtypes, EP1 - EP4, this study was aimed to challenge the hypothesis that at least one of the four subtypes is responsible for the pathogenesis of dioxin-induced hydronephrosis....

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Aida-Yasuoka K,Nishimura N,Fujisawa N,Endo N,Narumiya S,Tohyama C

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00