Influence of a low-molecular-weight heparin derivative on the nitric oxide levels and apoptotic DNA damage in adriamycin-induced cardiac and renal toxicity.

abstract：:The attempts to use nitroxide free radicals and nitrone spin traps topically in skin requires analysis of their potential cutaneous adverse effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the skin irritation and sensitizing potential of nitroxides and nitrones in the guinea pig. The following unsubstituted nit...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fuchs J,Groth N,Herrling T

更新日期：1998-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Bromate (BrO3-) is a rodent carcinogen that is formed as a drinking water ozone disinfection by-product and also used in some food and consumer products. Therefore, bromate is subject to assessment for its risk to humans. Because the selection of an appropriate model for conducting quantitative cancer risk assessment ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moore MM,Chen T

更新日期：2006-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The allergenicity of various compounds was tested by means of the optimization procedure in the guinea-pig. Results with antibiotics, preservatives, fragrance raw materials and miscellaneous contactants are reported. Their relevance is critically discussed in relation to other animal sensitization methods (Draize, Büh...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Maurer T,Weirich EG,Hess R

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantum dots (QDs) are potentially beneficial semi-conductor nanocrystals for use in diagnostics and therapeutics. The chemical composition of QDs however, has raised concerns as to their potential toxicity. Although a thorough examination using specific biochemical endpoints is necessary to assess QD toxicity, an und...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Clift MJ,Brandenberger C,Rothen-Rutishauser B,Brown DM,Stone V

更新日期：2011-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:Liver fibrosis has been reported to be inhibited in vivo by oleanolic and ursolic acids. However, the mechanisms of the action of those triterpenoids are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the antifibrotic potential of other triterpenes, betulin and betulinic acid, and to characteri...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Szuster-Ciesielska A,Plewka K,Daniluk J,Kandefer-Szerszeń M

更新日期：2011-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of mercury (Hg(2+)) and selenite (Se(4+)) on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nonprotein sulfhydryl content (NPSH) in mouse kidney and liver were investigated. Male mice were given a single i.p. injection of Hg(2+) and/or Se...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Farina M,Brandão R,de Lara FS,Pagliosa LB,Soares FA,Souza DO,Rocha JB

更新日期：2003-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of nitric oxide (NO) in acute renal failure (ARF) is debatable. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acute administration of NO donor, Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), L-Arginine (L-Arg) and NO synthase inhibitor, N(omega)-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in Fe-NTA induced renal toxicity. Rats were ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gupta A,Chander V,Sharma S,Chopra K

更新日期：2007-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents an overview of issues related to surface water contamination arising from uranium mining activities in the Alligator Rivers Region (ARR) of northern Australia, and a program of research and monitoring that must assess the potential and actual effects on ecosystem and human health. The program of as...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： van Dam RA,Humphrey CL,Martin P

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The carcinogenic response of NZO/BlGd inbred mice of both sexes to oral N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine (NHEX) was investigated at 2 differing dose rates, but equal cumulative doses. Mice received 52 mg NHEX (2 mg/g body wt) in drinking water over either an 8-week period (200 mg/l) or a 32-week period (50 mg/l), and were ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Goodall CM,Lijinsky W

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A single high dose, 75 mg/kg, of clotrimazole (CloTZ) was administered intragastrically (i.g.) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatic CloTZ concentrations were determined in organic extracts of whole liver homogenate, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak liver CloTZ concentration was found at...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pappas JB,Franklin MR

更新日期：1993-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Treatment of Chinese hamster cells with 1 mM tertiary-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) for 1 h markedly inhibited the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). However, the activity returned to pre-inhibition levels within 1-2 h with post-treatment incubation. The inhibition of the activity of GSH-Px by t-BuOOH was enh...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ochi T

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An experimental approach was taken to the question of dose-response curves for chemical carcinogenesis, using DNA damage as a biomarker. Female rats were give 13 different doses of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (from 1.4 to 135,000 micrograms/kg) and the subsequent hepatic DNA damage was determined by the alkaline elution tec...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kitchin KT,Brown JL

更新日期：1996-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) consumption on trace element metabolism, components of the antioxidant defense system and lipid oxidative damage were studied in control (CON) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (DIAB) rats. Ten days after injection, CON and DIAB rats received either 0 mM NaVO3/80 mM NaCl (0 ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Oster MH,Llobet JM,Domingo JL,German JB,Keen CL

更新日期：1993-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper looks at toxicology digital sources produced and available in the United Kingdom (UK). It includes products aggregating a number of sources, which may include information from other countries, and for the convenience of the reader and information seeker these have also been described. ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pantry S

更新日期：2003-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Clarification of the key regulatory steps that lead to nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) under cellular and pathological conditions is very important. The action of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) on the upstream of NF-kappaB activation remains controversial. To examine this issue using an in vivo lung in...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kim HJ,Lee HS,Chong YH,Kang JL

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) has been used as a method for the prediction of skin sensitizing potential for over 30 years. Besides hazard identification, risk assessment of sensitizing chemicals requires the assessment of potency. For the determination of potency based on lowest effective dose levels, dose-...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： van Och FM,Vandebriel RJ,Prinsen MK,De Jong WH,Slob W,van Loveren H

更新日期：2001-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The early neonatal stage constitutes a sensitive period during which exposure to adverse events can increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. Maternal deprivation (MD) is a model of early life stress that induces long-term behavioural and physiological alterations, including susceptibility to different drugs of...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Llorente-Berzal A,Manzanedo C,Daza-Losada M,Valero M,López-Gallardo M,Aguilar MA,Rodríguez-Arias M,Miñarro J,Viveros MP

更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-nitrosamines (NNA) are mainly activated by cytochrome P450s, and their associated enzyme activities such as aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH), N-nitrosdimethylamine N-demethylase I (NDMA-dI), NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, and detoxified by glutathione S-t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sheweita SA,Newairy AA,Mansour HA,Yousef MI

更新日期：2002-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The promoting effects of a combined exposure to two pollutants (NO2, O3 or H2SO4-aerosol) at near ambient levels on lung tumorigenesis induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (BHPN) were investigated in male Wistar rats. The rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of BHPN (0.5 g per kg body wt.) at 6 ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ichinose T,Sagai M

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Ozone has become a major air pollutant in recent years, which leading to a variety of lung diseases. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of pyroptosis and related signaling pathways in ozone-induced lung injury. METHODS:We exposed 120 Wistar rats to ozone, 20 in each group (half male and half female)....

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tian L,Yan J,Li K,Zhang W,Lin B,Lai W,Bian L,Liu H,Xi Z,Liu X

更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in polymer films have been proposed as a cheap way of producing antibacterial coatings on external surfaces. Recently, we synthesized MoO3 nanowires in a unique shape and degree of anisotropy, which enables their fast water dissolution and quick antimicrobial rea...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Božinović K,Nestić D,Centa UG,Ambriović-Ristov A,Dekanić A,de Bisschop L,Remškar M,Majhen D

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to further evaluate the developmental toxicity of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) in rats. Pregnant rats were given TBTCl by gastric intubation at a dose of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg on days 7-9, days 10-12 or days 13-15 of pregnancy. A significant increase in the incidence of post-implantation ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ema M,Kurosaka R,Amano H,Ogawa Y

更新日期：1995-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:National surveys of United States households and child care centers have demonstrated that pyrethroids are widely distributed in indoor habited dwellings and this suggests that co-exposure to multiple pyrethroids occurs in nonoccupational settings. The purpose of this research was to use an environmentally r...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Starr JM,Graham SE,Ross DG,Tornero-Velez R,Scollon EJ,Devito MJ,Crofton KM,Wolansky MJ,Hughes MF

更新日期：2014-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnant CD-1 mice were administered a commercial 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) formulation on days 6-16 days of gestation, in drinking water at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.0% of the formulated product, equivalent to approximately 0-650 mg/kg per day expressed as the amine derivative. The effect of 2,4...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lee K,Johnson VL,Blakley BR

更新日期：2001-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzene, an important industrial solvent, is also present in unleaded gasoline and cigarette smoke. The hematotoxic effects of benzene in humans are well documented and include aplastic anemia and pancytopenia, and acute myelogenous leukemia. A combination of metabolites (hydroquinone and phenol for example) is appare...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Medinsky MA,Kenyon EM,Schlosser PM

更新日期：1995-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Although NO2-induced cytotoxic responses have been well characterized, the specific mechanisms responsible for initiating toxicity remain equivocal. The inhomogeneous distribution of epithelial injury suggests that differential interactions between NO2 and the lung surfaces may contribute to the extent of regional res...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Postlethwait EM,Bidani A

更新日期：1994-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Metyrapone tartrate, 400 mg/kg i.p. raised the LD50 for acetaminophen from 340 mg/kg i.p. to 540 mg/kg i.p. in fasting male Swiss white mice. The minimum protective dose of metyrapone was 200 mg/kg. Metyrapone was effective in preventing death when given up to 2 h after acetaminophen administration. The LD50 for metyr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nelson EB,Montes M,Goldstein M

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three new natural mycotoxins, analogues of ochratoxin A, in which the phenylalanine moiety is replaced by serine, hydroxyproline or lysine, were isolated from cultures of Aspergillus ochraceus by TLC followed by HPLC column chromatography. Their structures were determined after acidic hydrolysis by the characterisatio...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hadidane R,Bacha H,Creppy EE,Hammami M,Ellouze F,Dirheimer G

更新日期：1992-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term exposure to pharmacological agents can select for cells that overexpress efflux transporters. We previously showed that mouse J774 macrophages cultivated for a prolonged period of time with toxic concentrations of the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin overexpress the efflux transporter Mrp4 and display a reduced...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vallet CM,Marquez B,Nhiri N,Anantharajah A,Mingeot-Leclercq MP,Tulkens PM,Lallemand JY,Jacquet E,Van Bambeke F

更新日期：2011-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to assess whether microwave-induced DNA damage is basal or it is also generated through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. After having irradiated Wistar rats with 915MHz microwave radiation, we assessed different DNA alterations in peripheral leukocytes using standard and formamidopyri...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Garaj-Vrhovac V,Gajski G,Trosić I,Pavicić I

更新日期：2009-05-17 00:00:00