Abstract：
:The attempts to use nitroxide free radicals and nitrone spin traps topically in skin requires analysis of their potential cutaneous adverse effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the skin irritation and sensitizing potential of nitroxides and nitrones in the guinea pig. The following unsubstituted nitroxides were investigated: 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinoxyl (Tempo), 2,2, 5,5-tetramethyl-3-oxazolidinoxyl (Doxo), 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-dihydro-pyrrolinoxyl (Proxo), 2,2,3,4,5,5-hexamethyl-imidazoline-1-yloxyl (Imidazo) and the nitrones: 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and N-tert.-butyl-phenylnitrone (PBN). Cutaneous irritation was determined following the modified Draize protocol. The response was evaluated clinically as well as by a biophysical method analyzing transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The nitroxides and nitrones were classified clinically from non-irritant (Proxo, Imidazo, DMPO) to slightly irritant (Tempo, Doxo, PBN) according to the Draize protocol. In agreement with the clinical scoring, the TEWL values were significantly increased by Tempo, Doxo and PBN. TOLH, the hydroxylamine of Tempo and its major skin metabolite, did not cause skin irritation. The sensitizing effect was evaluated according to the Magnusson and Kligman test. The results showed no cutaneous hypersensitivity to all nitroxides and nitrones, indicating a weak sensitizing potential. That concludes that the nitroxides and nitrones tested in this study have a low potential of acute skin intolerance.
journal_name
Toxicologyjournal_title
Toxicologyauthors
Fuchs J,Groth N,Herrling Tdoi
10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00183-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-02-20 00:00:00pages
33-40issue
1eissn
0300-483Xissn
1879-3185pii
S0300-483X(97)00183-2journal_volume
126pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
TOXICOLOGY文献大全abstract：:It is now well-recognized that human environmental exposures are not to single chemicals. Rather, humans are exposed, either concurrently or sequentially, to multiple chemicals. Challenges that chemical mixtures pose for risk assessment and toxicology are presented. Challenge areas include increasing the peer-reviewed...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(95)03205-t
更新日期：1995-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Paracetamol, in toxic doses, is associated with extensive liver damage. This represents one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality in drug poisoning cases. This study was undertaken to investigate the possible potentiation of the hepatoprotective action of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) by cimetidine (CMD), an inhibi...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00069-3
更新日期：1997-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Testicular injury is often observed in drug development. Serum hormones are usually used as noninvasive biomarkers for testicular injury; however, their sensitivities are low. Therefore, it is difficult to monitor testicular injury in drug development. In recent years, molecules in body fluid exosomes have attracted a...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2020.152490
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) could induce testicular developmental toxicity in adults. The present study aims to confirm its intrauterine origination, and to explore its potential intrauterine programming mechanism. The pregnant rats were respectively injected subcutaneously with 0.2 and 0.8 mg/kg d dexametha...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2018.06.005
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:1-Bromopropane (1-BP) intoxication is associated with depression and cognitive and memory deficits. The present study tested the hypothesis that 1-BP suppresses neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, which is involved in higher cerebral function, in adult rats. METHODS:Four groups of 12 male Wistar rats were expos...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2012.12.009
更新日期：2013-02-08 00:00:00
abstract：:The teratogenicity of antiepilepsy drug valproic acid (VPA) mostly is found in genetic and somatic levels, causing teratogenesis involving neurotubular defects (NTDs), anencephaly, lumbosacral meningomyelocele, and leg dysfunction due to spina bifida aperta. A diversity of nutraceutics have been tried to alleviate the...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2011.10.015
更新日期：2012-01-27 00:00:00
abstract：:It is reported that gambogic acid (GA), the main active compound of gamboge which is a dry resin extracted from Garcinia hanburyi tree, has potent antitumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cancer cells is one effective therapy for cancer treatment. In the present st...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2009.03.010
更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：:A flow-through rat tracheal implant system is described which permits the quantitative and repetitive exposure of respiratory epithelia to test gaseous substances. To investigate the acute toxicity of formaldehyde gas with this new system, open-ended rat tracheal implants were exposed to the gas for 1 h twice a week f...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(84)90142-2
更新日期：1984-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：:The vapour pressures of 30 N-nitrosamines between 0 and 40 degrees C are calculated by means of well-known and experimentally proven formulae. The saturation concentration of the nitrosamines in air is presented as mmHg, ppm and mg/m3. For N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosopyrrol...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(82)90093-2
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lead exposure causes cognitive and behavioral deficits in some children. We have proposed that the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the human pseudodeficient arylsulfatase A (ARSA) gene that result in reduced levels of the enzyme, and lead concentrations that decrease ARSA activity, culminate in cel...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00387-0
更新日期：2001-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of colchicine-specific Fab fragments is of interest in human poisoning. In the present study, we show the efficacy of Fab fragments in reversing colchicine toxicity in mice. High affinity antibodies (Ka = 2 x 10(10) M-1) against colchicine were raised in goats; Fab fragments were purified by DEAE chromatograph...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(91)90015-s
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of studies reported that the MTS in vitro cytotoxicity assay is a convenient method for assessing cell viability. The main features found with this assay are its ease of use, accuracy and rapid indication of toxicity. It might well be a useful tool in human health risk assessment if it can be shown that this ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00151-0
更新日期：1997-12-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the production of polychlorinated biphenyl 77 (PCB77) has already been banned globally, PCB77 is still used for a wide range of commercial purposes. Previous evidence has demonstrated that the PCB77 administration should be responsible for the gut microbiota variations and the host health risk. However, the h...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2019.03.011
更新日期：2019-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Endothelins (ET) can be considered stress-responsive regulators working in paracrine and autocrine fashion. It has been suggested that elevated levels of ET may be responsible for the low coronary re-flow phenomena. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was shown to stimulate ET release in rat heart; however, the mechan...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2005.11.022
更新日期：2006-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis due to dicyclanil (DC), an insect growth regulator for sheep, histopathological and molecular biological analyses were performed in the liver of male ICR mice fed on a diet containing 1500 ppm of DC for 2 weeks (Experiment I; Exp. I). In gene expression analyses usi...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2004.10.011
更新日期：2005-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Atrazine (ATZ) is used throughout North America to control annual broadleaf weeds and grasses in various crops including; corn, sorghum, and sugar cane. Unfortunately, contamination of surface and ground water has occurred as a result of ATZ's chemical and physical properties, and its widespread use throughout the U.S...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2004.12.002
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin and dexamethasone are potent inhibitors of apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta) in hepatoma cells. Using FTO-2B rat hepatoma cells, we determined whether the anti-apoptotic effects of these agents result from interference within or upstream of the TGF-beta-induced caspase cascade. A...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.020
更新日期：2004-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Clarification of the key regulatory steps that lead to nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) under cellular and pathological conditions is very important. The action of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) on the upstream of NF-kappaB activation remains controversial. To examine this issue using an in vivo lung in...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2006.04.053
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High-throughput in vitro toxicity screening provides an efficient way to identify potential biological targets for environmental and industrial chemicals while conserving limited testing resources. However, reliance on the nominal chemical concentrations in these in vitro assays as an indicator of bioactivity may misr...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2014.05.012
更新日期：2015-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The present work includes a study on the glycosaminoglycanuric condition induced by adriamycin (ADR, a chemotherapeutic agent) and the accompanying secondary hyperlipidemia, wherein the treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin-derivative (LMWH), certoparin, is evaluated for its protective role (if any) on these p...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2005.02.009
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intratracheal injection of zinc oxide dust, a component of many cosmetic preparations caused elevation of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and lung of guinea pigs. Clearance of zinc oxide dust from lungs through zinc-carrying proteins was evident. ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(86)90120-4
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The carcinogenic response of NZO/BlGd inbred mice of both sexes to oral N-nitrosohexamethyleneimine (NHEX) was investigated at 2 differing dose rates, but equal cumulative doses. Mice received 52 mg NHEX (2 mg/g body wt) in drinking water over either an 8-week period (200 mg/l) or a 32-week period (50 mg/l), and were ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(84)90042-8
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats exposed by inhalation to 3-trifluoromethylpyridine (3-FMP) for 10, 30 or 90 days showed an unusual response in the nasal passages. Focal histological change including reduction in the number of cell layers, disorganisation, vacuolation and minimal necrosis was confined to the olfactory epithelium. Axon bundles an...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(88)90121-7
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amiodarone is a class III anti-arrhythmic compound that is iodinated, cationic and amphiphilic in nature. The clinical use of amiodarone may be associated with various side-effects, including pulmonary and hepatic toxicity. Use of this compound during pregnancy may therefore place the fetus at risk through in utero ex...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(91)90085-f
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been widely used around the world as a pesticide for both agricultural and residential application. Although various studies have reported toxicity and health-related effects from CPF exposure, the molecular mechanism of CPF toxicity to skin has not been well-characterized. The present study det...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2015.09.006
更新日期：2015-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:The human keratinocyte cell line, RHEK-1, was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of benzoyl peroxide (BZP). As determined with the neutral red (NR) cytotoxicity assay, the 24-h midpoint (NR50) toxicity values, in mM, were 0.11 for BZP and 29.5 for benzoic acid, the stable metabolite of BZP. Irreversible cytotoxicity oc...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(95)03189-m
更新日期：1996-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) are environmental pollutants, which undergo metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects. Our earlier studies showed that naturally occurring plant phenols, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, tannic...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2008.07.047
更新日期：2008-09-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a psychoactive component of marijuana, is known to exert cytotoxicity in immune cells. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxicity of Δ⁸-THC in mouse macrophage J774-1 cells and a possible involvement of cannabinoid receptors and stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinases (M...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2013.10.007
更新日期：2013-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Malathion is one of the most widely used organophosphorus insecticides in agriculture. However, malathion may be involved in the etiology of human brain dysfunction. Induction of ROS has been proposed as a mechanism of malathion-induced poisoning cases, but there are few data regarding the effects of malathion on oxid...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2019.02.004
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of the insertion of a liver into the perfusion circuit of a lung on the availability of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene metabolites to the lung was examined. Perfused lungs from 5,6-benzoflavone pretreated rats release high quantities of free benzo[a]pyrene metabolites and conjugates into the perfusion...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(87)90100-4
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
