The optimization test in the guinea pig in relation to other predictive sensitization methods.

abstract：:Immunotoxicology originated in the early 1970s, when scientists began investigating chemicals. During the 1970s and early 1980s, a few investigators determined that chemicals were immunotoxic, developed and/or refined immunoassays, and began to characterize immunotoxic responses. In the 1980s, many new investigators e...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Koller LD

更新日期：2001-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of iodoacetic acid, a non-phorbol tumor promoter, on metabolic cooperation between mutant human fibroblasts as measured by [14C]citrulline incorporation. Other thiol-reactive polyphenolic compounds such as hydroquinone and 2-hydroxyestrone were also examined. 12-...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Si EC,Pfeifer RW,Yim GK

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some effects of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) esters cannot be explained by action on currently recognized targets acetylcholinesterase or neuropathy target esterase (NTE). In previous studies, in membrane chicken brain fractions, four components (EPα, EPβ, EPγ and EPδ) of phenyl valerate esterase activity (PVase) ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Estévez J,Benabent M,Selva V,Mangas I,Sogorb MÁ,Del Rio E,Vilanova E

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnant rats were dosed with 300, 600, 1000, 2000, 3000 or 4000 ppm inorganic lead through their drinking water during pregnancy and during lactation until 21 days post partum. An effect on live litter size was noted at the higher doses as was an increased tendency for sperm positive females to fail to produce a litt...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Carmichael NG,Winder C,Lewis PD

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been widely accepted that microglia, which are the innate immune cells in the brain, upon activation can cause neuronal damage. In the present study, we investigated the role of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in regulating microglial nitric oxide production and its role in causing neuronal damage. T...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Li Y,Chen G,Zhao J,Nie X,Wan C,Liu J,Duan Z,Xu G

更新日期：2013-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:As an important cholesterol oxide, 7-ketocholesterol plays a deleterious role in the occurrence of cancer. Although the fact had been proved that 7-ketocholesterol could induce several biological phenomena, including apoptosis, DNA damage, et al., this issue whether 7-ketocholesterol led to mutagenesis in mammalian ce...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang X,Li Y,Xia X,Zhang M,Ge C,Xia X,Xiao H,Xu S

更新日期：2020-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary function and inflammation in the lungs of rodents exposed by inhalation to carbon/graphite/epoxy advanced composite material (ACM) combustion products were compared to that of a rodent model of acute lung injury (ALI) produced by pneumotoxic paraquat dichloride. This investigation was undertaken to determine...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Whitehead GS,Grasman KA,Kimmel EC

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Though, oxidative stress has been implicated in silica nanoparticles induced toxicity both in vitro and in vivo, but no similarities exist regarding dose-response relationship. This discrepancy may, partly, be due to associated impurities of trace metals that may present in varying amounts. Here, cytotoxicity and oxid...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Akhtar MJ,Ahamed M,Kumar S,Siddiqui H,Patil G,Ashquin M,Ahmad I

更新日期：2010-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Repeated abuse of stimulant drugs, cocaine and amphetamine, is associated with extraneuronal dopamine accumulation in specific brain areas. Dopamine may be cytotoxic through the generation of reactive oxygen species, namely hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), resulting from dopamine oxidative metabolism. In this work, we studie...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cunha-Oliveira T,Rego AC,Morgadinho MT,Macedo T,Oliveira CR

更新日期：2006-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of 6 weekly injections of ochratoxin A (5 mg/kg) and citrinin (20 mg/kg) on the following hematological indices of mice was studied: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hematocrit percentage, mean corpuscular values, red cell indices, platelet count, total count of bone marrow cells, differential count of bone ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gupta M,Sasmal D,Bandyopadhyay S,Bagchi G,Chatterjee T,Dey S

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive isomeric 3- and 4-trifluoromethylanilines (3-,4-TFMA), and control aniline itself, induced the following effects on biosynthesis of DNA in the liver, kidney, thymus and spleen of rats: (a) The administration of 4-TFMA initially suppressed the utilization of labeled thymidine for splenic DNA synthesis during t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Seifert J,Mostecká H,Kolar GF

更新日期：1993-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of isoflurane, 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether, on the oxidative metabolism of halothane to produce trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and on the reductive metabolism of halothane to produce chlorodifluoroethylene (CDE) and chlorotrifluoroethane (CTE) in liver microsomes of guinea pig were exami...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fujii K

更新日期：1995-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the production of polychlorinated biphenyl 77 (PCB77) has already been banned globally, PCB77 is still used for a wide range of commercial purposes. Previous evidence has demonstrated that the PCB77 administration should be responsible for the gut microbiota variations and the host health risk. However, the h...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chi Y,Wang H,Lin Y,Lu Y,Huang Q,Ye G,Dong S

更新日期：2019-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The bioavailability of coplanar 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) and nonplanar 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) from soils representing a range in organic carbon (OC), clay content and pH were investigated using an in vivo rat model and an in vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET) to assess th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pu X,Lee LS,Galinsky RE,Carlson GP

更新日期：2006-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Simple and efficient ex vivo/in vitro screening systems for contact allergens are developed for alternative to conventional animal tests. We have previously proposed an ex vivo/in vitro proliferation assay as a first stage screening method with advantages over existing alternatives, using lymph node cells (LNC) from s...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kashima R,Oyake Y,Okada J,Ikeda Y

更新日期：1996-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The nitric oxide (NO) donor, O(2)-vinyl 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (V-PYRRO/NO), is metabolized by P450 enzymes to release NO in the liver and possibly other tissues. V-PYRRO/NO has been shown to be hepatoprotective, but little is known about its effect in the kidney, another organ rich in P450s. Thus...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Li C,Liu J,Saavedra JE,Keefer LK,Waalkes MP

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon monoxide (CO) is a dangerous exogenous poison and an essential endogenous neurotransmitter. This gas when inhaled has an anaesthetic effect, which is poorly understood, but which may be fatal if compensatory mechanisms are exhausted, if cardiac oxygen (O(2)) needs exceed myocardial oxygenation and/or if apnoea ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gorman D,Drewry A,Huang YL,Sames C

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Male Wistar rats were exposed to 200, 1000 or 2000 ppm of 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane vapor 5 days a week 6 h daily for 1 or 2 weeks. Proliferation and vacuolisation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of the liver was seen electron microscopically after 1 and 2 weeks in the rats exposed to 1000 and 20...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vainio H,Nickels J,Heinonen T

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A has been shown to affect the reproduction of male rats and mice. However, the mechanism of action of bisphenol A on the epididymal sperm is not elucidated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bisphenol A on the antioxidant system of rat epididymal sperm. Bisphenol A was administered ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chitra KC,Latchoumycandane C,Mathur PP

更新日期：2003-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We have found that incubation of heparin plasma with Ni(2+) or Co(2+) at concentrations below 100 microM can stimulate the conversion of complement factor C3 to C3b faster than magnesium, which is the natural cofactor in the alternative complement activation. This conversion was monitored by light absorbance measureme...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Acevedo F,Vesterberg O

更新日期：2003-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Neonatal rat hearts were separated into separate cultures of beating myocytes (M cells), endothelial cells (E cells) and fibroblasts (F cells). Their susceptibilities to the toxic effects of emetine, chloroquine and metronidazole were then compared using a quantitative metabolic inhibition test (QMIT) and morphologic ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wenzel DG,Cosma GN

更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isoniazid is a widely used drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, but hepatotoxicity is a major concern during treatment. Thiopronin contains an SH-group and is generally considered an antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of thiopronin during liver injury and DNA damage induced by ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yue J,Dong G,He C,Chen J,Liu Y,Peng R

更新日期：2009-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Ochratoxin A (OCT A) has the potential to cause myelotoxicity in addition to the well-known toxic effects on the liver and kidney. Whereas in previous studies the bone marrow parameters were examined shortly after injection, experiments reported here were designed to determine whether mice would recover from the myelo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hong HH,Jameson CW,Boorman GA

更新日期：1988-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The promoting effects of a combined exposure to two pollutants (NO2, O3 or H2SO4-aerosol) at near ambient levels on lung tumorigenesis induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (BHPN) were investigated in male Wistar rats. The rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of BHPN (0.5 g per kg body wt.) at 6 ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ichinose T,Sagai M

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficiency of the sodium salt of 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid (DMPS) and meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) to mobilize mercury from tissues has been assessed in rats pretreated with different doses of HgCl2, phenylmercury acetate or exposed to different concentrations of mercury vapors. These pretreatments...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Buchet JP,Lauwerys RR

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ligand-activated nuclear receptor AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) mediates the response of hepatocytes to various exogenous compounds. AhR is classically activated by planar, aromatic hydrocarbons, but also by other, structurally rather unrelated compounds. Recent data show that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signali...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vaas S,Kreft L,Schwarz M,Braeuning A

更新日期：2014-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Envenoming by the pitviper Bothrops jararacussu produces cardiovascular alterations, including coagulopathy, systemic hemorrhage, hypotension, circulatory shock and renal failure. In this work, we examined the activity of this venom in rat isolated right atria. Incubation with venom (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2mg/ml) cau...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rodrigues MA,Dias L,Rennó AL,Sousa NC,Smaal A,da Silva DA,Hyslop S

更新日期：2014-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Korea has a great diversity in resources of medicinal plants. The traditional herbal medicines and their preparations have been widely used in Korea as well as in China and Japan for thousands of years. One of the characteristics of Korean herbal medicine preparations is that all the herbal medicines are incorporated ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Choi DW,Kim JH,Cho SY,Kim DH,Chang SY

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies on the immunotoxicity of a complex mixture of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) by-products from a manufactured gas plant indicated possible synergistic interactions which were investigated by determining the immunosuppressive effects of a reconstituted PAH mixture in female B6C3F1 mice challenge...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Harper N,Steinberg M,Safe S

更新日期：1996-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were treated for 4 weeks with chlorphentermine hydrochloride (30 mg/kg, i.p., 5 days/seek), a regimen which causes a profound phospholipidosis in the alveolar macrophages (AMs). The susceptibility of these lipid-laden cells to lipid peroxidation was examined and compared to AMs from control (untreated) rats. Lipi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Reasor MJ

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00