Hematological changes produced in mice by ochratoxin A and citrinin.

abstract：:Experiments were done in vivo to determine the effect of oxygen at high pressure (OHP) on NAD+ and NADH in mouse brain cortex. A 7% decrease (N.S.) in NADH was found in brain cortex from mice exposed to 6 atm of 100% oxygen for 8 min, while a 20% decrease (P less than 0.01) in cortical NADH, when compared to controls,...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Dodd DE,Faiman MD

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inorganic arsenic (iAs) and its metabolites are transferred to the foetus through the placental barrier and this exposure can compromise the normal development of the unborn. For this reason, we assessed the toxicity of sodium arsenite (iAs(III)) and its metabolites dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)), monomethylarsonic aci...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ferrario D,Croera C,Brustio R,Collotta A,Bowe G,Vahter M,Gribaldo L

更新日期：2008-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper introduces the special issue on quantitative in vitro-in vivo extrapolations (QIVIVE). It highlights important issues in the development of in vitro toxicology towards its implementation in toxicological risk assessment. ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Blaauboer BJ

更新日期：2015-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) and diesel exhaust particle extracts (DEPE) induced apoptosis in Hepa1c1c7 cells with the following potency: 1,3-dinitropyrene (1,3-DNP)>1-nitropyrene (1-NP) > DEPE > 1,8-dinitropyrene (1,8-DNP). The compounds induced cyp1a1, and activated various intracellular si...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Landvik NE,Gorria M,Arlt VM,Asare N,Solhaug A,Lagadic-Gossmann D,Holme JA

更新日期：2007-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The ligand-activated nuclear receptor AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor) mediates the response of hepatocytes to various exogenous compounds. AhR is classically activated by planar, aromatic hydrocarbons, but also by other, structurally rather unrelated compounds. Recent data show that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signali...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vaas S,Kreft L,Schwarz M,Braeuning A

更新日期：2014-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiments were designed to evaluate and compare metallothionein (MT), zinc and cadmium levels in human placentas of smoking and non-smoking women. Smoking was assessed by self-reported cigarette consumption and urine cotinine levels before delivery. Smoking pregnant women with urine cotinine levels higher than 130 n...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ronco AM,Arguello G,Suazo M,Llanos MN

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were treated for 4 weeks with chlorphentermine hydrochloride (30 mg/kg, i.p., 5 days/seek), a regimen which causes a profound phospholipidosis in the alveolar macrophages (AMs). The susceptibility of these lipid-laden cells to lipid peroxidation was examined and compared to AMs from control (untreated) rats. Lipi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Reasor MJ

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rodent Hershberger assay has been used predominantly by the pharmaceutical industry to evaluate androgenic and antiandrogenic chemicals for potential therapeutic use. However, this assay has not yet been formally validated and standardized for use in toxicology testing. There are many variations in the protocol us...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamada T,Sunami O,Kunimatsu T,Kamita Y,Okuno Y,Seki T,Nakatsuka I,Matsuo M

更新日期：2001-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have demonstrated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adversely affect mature mammalian immune systems. However, little is known about the cellular mechanism(s) mediating this immunosuppression or the potential for these ubiquitous environmental chemicals to similarly compromise lymphocyte development (...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hinoshita F,Hardin JA,Sherr DH

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE), an industrial solvent, proved to be moderately toxic when studied in small laboratory animals. In adult female rats brief (8 h) and prolonged (8 h daily, on 5 consecutive days a week, for more than 16 weeks) inhalation of 200 ppm--the current TLV/MAC in various countries--produced h...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Freundt KJ,Liebaldt GP,Lieberwirth E

更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by net accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the cardiac interstitium, and contributes to both systolic and diastolic dysfunction in many cardiac pathophysiologic conditions. More specifically, cardiac fibroblasts are activated by a variety of pathological stimuli, th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tao H,Yang JJ,Shi KH,Deng ZY,Li J

更新日期：2014-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of cultured rat mesangial cells to CdCl2 caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in intracellular glutathione that was significant at 0.5 microM and maximal at 1 microM Cd2+. The effect depended on glutathione synthesis and was masked by inhibiting synthesis with buthionine sulfoximine. The cells responded...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chin TA,Templeton DM

更新日期：1993-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Formaldehyde (FA) is an important substance that induces sick house syndrome and diseases, such as asthma and allergies. Oxidative stress is involved in the development of respiratory disease, and diverse antioxidants may protect respiratory tract cells from apoptosis. Peroxiredoxin is a pivotal endogenous antioxidant...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lim SK,Kim JC,Moon CJ,Kim GY,Han HJ,Park SH

更新日期：2010-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethanol is able to cross the placenta, which may cause teratogenicity. Here we investigated whether ethanol consumption during pregnancy (ECDP), even at doses unable to cause malformation, might increase the susceptibility of fetal rat liver to oxidative insults. Since cholestasis is a common condition in alcoholic li...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Perez MJ,Velasco E,Monte MJ,Gonzalez-Buitrago JM,Marin JJ

更新日期：2006-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an organochlorine pesticide that acts as an endocrine disruptor in humans and rodents. The development of breast cancer strongly depends on endocrine conditions modulated by environmental factors. We have demonstrated that HCB is a tumor co-carcinogen in rats and an inducer of proliferation ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Peña D,Pontillo C,García MA,Cocca C,Alvarez L,Chiappini F,Bourguignon N,Frahm I,Bergoc R,Kleiman de Pisarev D,Randi A

更新日期：2012-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:As a new method, support vector machine (SVM) were applied for prediction of toxicity of different data sets compared with other two common methods, multiple linear regression (MLR) and RBFNN. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) models based on calculated molecular descriptors have been clearly establ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zhao CY,Zhang HX,Zhang XY,Liu MC,Hu ZD,Fan BT

更新日期：2006-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The possibility that Cd administration could activate the pituitary-adrenal axis has been studied. It was found that acute administration of Cd strongly increased serum corticosterone levels. Adrenocortical activation correlated well with serum Cd levels, suggesting that adrenal activation was dependent on the presenc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hidalgo J,Armario A

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reproductive toxicity of vanadium was studied in mice. Male Swiss mice were exposed to sodium metavanadate at doses of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg per day given in the drinking water for 64 days. To evaluate the fertility of the vanadium-treated animals, males were mated with untreated females for 4 days. A signif...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Llobet JM,Colomina MT,Sirvent JJ,Domingo JL,Corbella J

更新日期：1993-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to overcome cellular barriers in the body is crucial for efficient delivery of drugs to the target where intervention is needed. For drugs acting in the brain it is essential to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Such drugs include antidotes for the treatment of organophosphate poisoning, a current wa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kobrlova T,Soukup O

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A single high dose, 75 mg/kg, of clotrimazole (CloTZ) was administered intragastrically (i.g.) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatic CloTZ concentrations were determined in organic extracts of whole liver homogenate, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak liver CloTZ concentration was found at...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pappas JB,Franklin MR

更新日期：1993-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Bromate (BrO3-) is a rodent carcinogen that is formed as a drinking water ozone disinfection by-product and also used in some food and consumer products. Therefore, bromate is subject to assessment for its risk to humans. Because the selection of an appropriate model for conducting quantitative cancer risk assessment ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moore MM,Chen T

更新日期：2006-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Beside heavy metals, cadmium (Cd(2+)) is a ubiquitous toxic metal with a well established apoptotic and genotoxic effect, chronic exposure of which has been involved in a variety of pathological conditions. In the present study, we investigated by 1455 genes cDNA microarrays the toxic and apoptotic effect of Cd(2+), o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tsangaris GT,Botsonis A,Politis I,Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F

更新日期：2002-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The vapour pressures of 30 N-nitrosamines between 0 and 40 degrees C are calculated by means of well-known and experimentally proven formulae. The saturation concentration of the nitrosamines in air is presented as mmHg, ppm and mg/m3. For N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosopyrrol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Klein RG

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient that is required in humans and animals for many physiological functions, including immune and antioxidant function, growth and reproduction. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of adequate Zn level (38 mg/kg diet, as a control) and two low levels that create Zn...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yousef MI,El-Hendy HA,El-Demerdash FM,Elagamy EI

更新日期：2002-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides involved in different neurological disorders. They cross the blood-brain barrier and exert their effect on dopaminergic system, contributing to the burden of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease through several pathways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nasuti C,Gabbianelli R,Falcioni ML,Di Stefano A,Sozio P,Cantalamessa F

更新日期：2007-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) on the nucleotide level in isolated cardiomyocytes from adult rats was examined. Incubation of myocytes with the hydroperoxide resulted in loss of both ATP and NAD from mitochondria and cytosol. In contrast, only the cytosolic level of NADP was increased. The effect on myoc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Andersson BS,Vidal RF,Sundberg M,Rajs J,Sótonyi P

更新日期：1996-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that excess dietary Al during development can affect neurobehavioral measures and decrease tissue Mn of 21-day-old weanling mice without a corresponding increase in tissue Al concentrations. Al and Mn have similar tissue concentrations and similar affinities for transferrin, which is the ma...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Golub MS,Han B,Keen CL,Gershwin ME

更新日期：1993-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Palmitoylpentachlorophenol (PPCP), which is a lipid conjugate of a xenobiotic compound, has been found in human fat. To study the toxicity associated with PPCP, rats were given 100 mg/kg PPCP and sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 days. The target organ identified was the exocrine pancreas; no other major organs examined showe...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ansari GA,Kaphalia BS,Boor PJ

更新日期：1987-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metal environmental pollutants increase susceptibility of affected individuals to bacterial and viral infections, but the mechanisms responsible for this effect are not known. We established cellular in vitro systems to identify molecular targets for the action of heavy metal ions. We used two model systems to d...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Shen X,Lee K,König R

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pregnant rats were dosed with 300, 600, 1000, 2000, 3000 or 4000 ppm inorganic lead through their drinking water during pregnancy and during lactation until 21 days post partum. An effect on live litter size was noted at the higher doses as was an increased tendency for sperm positive females to fail to produce a litt...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Carmichael NG,Winder C,Lewis PD

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00