Effect of Cd administration on the pituitary-adrenal axis.

abstract：:Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds (e.g. chromates) are strong oxidants that readily enter cells where they are reduced to reactive Cr intermediates that can directly oxidize some cell components and can promote the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Inhalation is a major route of exposure which d...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Myers JM,Antholine WE,Myers CR

更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle for the effective treatment of cancers. The mechanism of chemo-resistance is still poorly understood, however, mounting evidence supports a role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating key cellular pathways mediating response to chemotherapy. microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been im...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yang SM,Huang C,Li XF,Yu MZ,He Y,Li J

更新日期：2013-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of selected aluminum-hydroxypyridinone (Al-HP complexes were determined in rats to better understand the relationship between their disposition and elimination parameters and the safety of HPs in the chelation therapy of Al intoxication. Five complexes were administered as i.v. bolus doses of Al-H...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Allen DD,Orvig C,Yokel RA

更新日期：1994-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent epidemiological study showed an increased risk for bone fractures after chronic low-level cadmium exposure. This finding agrees with those of cadmium accumulation in rat bones after chronic oral exposure which reduced the mechanical strength of the bones. There are indications that ossicular cadmium uptake ma...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hunder G,Javdani J,Elsenhans B,Schümann K

更新日期：2001-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past decade, several assessments have estimated the carcinogenic risk of inhaled 1,3-butadiene (BD) to the general population as well as for occupational exposures. Although most of the risk assessments have been based on inhalation bioassays in mice, some of the assessments have included the 2-year inhalat...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cagen SZ,MacDonald RL,Van Gelder G

更新日期：1996-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The bioavailability of coplanar 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) and nonplanar 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) from soils representing a range in organic carbon (OC), clay content and pH were investigated using an in vivo rat model and an in vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET) to assess th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pu X,Lee LS,Galinsky RE,Carlson GP

更新日期：2006-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of methylmercury on the cell growth of mouse glioma in vitro were studied in relation to the microtubules as a possible target. The electron microscopic observation revealed that methylmercury added in culture medium specifically attacked microtubules in the cells at growth inhibitory concentration, while merc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Imura N,Miura K,Inokawa M,Nakada S

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenicals are known to induce ROS, which can lead to DNA damage, oxidative stress, and carcinogenesis. A human urothelial cell line, UROtsa, was used to study the effects of arsenicals on the human bladder. Arsenite [As(III)] and monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)] induce oxidative stress in UROtsa cells after exposur...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Eblin KE,Hau AM,Jensen TJ,Futscher BW,Gandolfi AJ

更新日期：2008-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:High doses of cephaloridine produce necrosis of renal proximal tubular cells and this nephrotoxicity has been shown to be reduced by piperonyl butoxide (a mixed-function oxidase inhibitor) in rats and rabbits, and potentiated by phenobarbital (a mixed-function oxidase inducer) in rabbits but not rats. Phenobarbital is...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kuo CH,Hook JB

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of iodoacetic acid, a non-phorbol tumor promoter, on metabolic cooperation between mutant human fibroblasts as measured by [14C]citrulline incorporation. Other thiol-reactive polyphenolic compounds such as hydroquinone and 2-hydroxyestrone were also examined. 12-...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Si EC,Pfeifer RW,Yim GK

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mean concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (sum tetra- to octaBDEs) were determined in samples of foodstuffs widely consumed by the population of Catalonia, Northeast Spain. The following six tetra-through heptabrominated congeners were also individually analyzed: PBDEs 47, 99, 100, 153, 154 and...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Domingo JL,Martí-Cid R,Castell V,Llobet JM

更新日期：2008-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was conducted in order to study the effect of the PCB congener 3,3', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB-77) on fetal thyroxin homeostasis in the mouse, and to examine a possible underlying mechanism behind the effect. C57BL mice were treated with 14C-labelled or unlabelled CB-77 (1 or 10 mg/kg body wt.) on...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Darnerud PO,Morse D,Klasson-Wehler E,Brouwer A

更新日期：1996-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of xenobiotic drugs and toxic compounds depend largely on their kinetic properties, which can be influenced by transmembrane drug transporters like MDR1/P-glycoprotein and the drug-conjugate transporters multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 and 2. As the dog is a preferential species used in the pharmacolo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Conrad S,Viertelhaus A,Orzechowski A,Hoogstraate J,Gjellan K,Schrenk D,Kauffmann HM

更新日期：2001-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA) is a suspected endocrine disruptor highly prevalent in our environment since it is used as monomer of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Recent epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that BPA exposure may influence the development of obesity and related pathologies such as type 2 dia...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Marmugi A,Lasserre F,Beuzelin D,Ducheix S,Huc L,Polizzi A,Chetivaux M,Pineau T,Martin P,Guillou H,Mselli-Lakhal L

更新日期：2014-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In the rat the hepatotoxicity of bromobenzene is greatly enhanced by the introduction of a cyano group adjacent to the bromine (i.e. o-bromobenzonitrile). Epoxide metabolites of these aryl halides are believed to be the actual toxic species, but epoxides of the latter compound also possess a second site of chemical re...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gottschall DW,Harder RR,Wiley RA,Hanzlik RP

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutagenicity analysis of urine from rats treated by oral gavage with MX at a dose of 64 mg/kg for 14 days revealed that only 0.3% of the administered compound was excreted in a genotoxically active form. At lower doses, mutagenicity was not detectable. No evidence of micronucleus induction in peripheral blood erythroc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Meier JR,Monarca S,Patterson KS,Villarini M,Daniel FB,Moretti M,Pasquini R

更新日期：1996-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that the measurement of DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) may be of value in the assessment of an individual's exposure to specific environmental insults. For a biomarker to be reliable, its results should be consistent and specific. In the present study, the precision and specificity of the K(+)-SD...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Olin KL,Cherr GN,Rifkin E,Keen CL

更新日期：1996-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Subcutaneous administration of methyl isocyanate (MIC) in 0.5 LD50 and 1 LD50 doses in female rabbits resulted in significant changes in physiological, clinico-chemical and histological parameters. There was a fall in arterial blood pressure and cardioacceleration in both the 0.5 LD50 and 1 LD50 groups, while the resp...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jeevarathinam K,Selvamurthy W,Ray US,Mukhopadhyay S,Thakur L

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is concern about the growing environmental levels of brominated dioxins. Brominated dioxins are known to bind and activate the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), as their chlorinated congeners do. However, data on the potency of brominated dioxins for immunotoxicity in vivo is largely lacking,...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ao K,Suzuki T,Murai H,Matsumoto M,Nagai H,Miyamoto Y,Tohyama C,Nohara K

更新日期：2009-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The chlorinated acetic acids, in particular dichloroacetic acid (DCA), are found as chlorine disinfection by-products in finished drinking water supplies. DCA has previously been demonstrated to be a mouse liver carcinogen. Chronic studies are described in which male Fischer (F344) rats were exposed to DCA in their dr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： DeAngelo AB,Daniel FB,Most BM,Olson GR

更新日期：1996-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of chromium (Cr) salts to increase metallothionein (MT) levels in rat liver, kidney and pancreas, and its relationship with the presence of toxic effects are reported here. Rats were injected subcutaneously with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg K2Cr2O7/kg and sacrificed 24 h later. Total Cr accumulation followe...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Solis-Heredia MJ,Quintanilla-Vega B,Sierra-Santoyo A,Hernández JM,Brambila E,Cebrián ME,Albores A

更新日期：2000-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated in the current study, the possible modulatory effects of dexamethasone on cisplatin cytotoxicity in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing female Swiss albino mice. Cisplatin (3.5mg/kg) was injected IP for 3 consecutive days in mice previously inoculated SC with EAC cells in the right flank. Dexa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Arafa HM,Abdel-Hamid MA,El-Khouly AA,Elmazar MM,Osman AM

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as the third gasotransmitter molecule serves various biological regulatory roles in health and disease. Acrylonitrile (AN) is a common occupational toxicant and environmental pollutant, causing brain and liver damage in mammals. The biotransformation of AN is dependent-upon reduced glutathione (...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yang B,Zhao W,Yin C,Bai Y,Wang S,Xing G,Li F,Bian J,Aschner M,Cai J,Shi H,Lu R

更新日期：2021-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Since clotrimazole, known as an antifungal drug, exerts diverse actions on cellular functions, it is expected that clotrimazole can be used for other purposes. This antifungal drug protects the cells overloaded with Ca(2+) by A23187, a calcium ionophore. Therefore, the agent may prevent the cells from death induced by...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Oyama TM,Oyama TB,Oyama K,Matsui H,Horimoto K,Nishimura Y,Oyama Y

更新日期：2006-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:L-695,256 is a novel 2-fluorenonyl carbapenem antibiotic with significant antimicrobial activity against strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. This prototype compound was administered intravenously to rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at does of 50 or 200 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks to assess toxicity and found to i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lankas GR,Coleman JB,Klein HJ,Bailly Y

更新日期：1996-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, some biochemical features and the extent of inhibition induced by the organophosphorous pesticide azinphos-methyl on the cholinesterase (ChE) activity present in whole soft tissue of two freshwater invertebrate species, the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata and the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus were ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kristoff G,Guerrero NV,de D'Angelo AM,Cochón AC

更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to evaluate the primary DNA damage due to occupational exposure to chromium (VI), DNA strand-breaks and apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes were measured in a group of 19 chrome-plating workers. DNA strand-breaks was assessed by alkaline (pH>13) single-cell microgel electrophoresis ('comet') assay, while apop...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gambelunghe A,Piccinini R,Ambrogi M,Villarini M,Moretti M,Marchetti C,Abbritti G,Muzi G

更新日期：2003-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Utah Valley has provided an interesting and unique opportunity to evaluate the health effects of respirable particulate air pollution (PM10). Residents of this valley are predominantly nonsmoking members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons). The area has moderately high average PM10 levels with...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pope CA 3rd

更新日期：1996-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity to HeLa cells of 29 plasticizers was determined in the MIT-24 test system. The 7-day IC50 for HeLa cells varied from 260 to 1.5 g/l. Phthalates, adipates, sebacates, azelates and phosphates with long carbon chain alcohols were very non-toxic to the cells, probably due to insolubility in water of the compo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ekwall B,Nordensten C,Albanus L

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Administration of the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone to humans or animals may result in lung damage. Amiodarone is metabolized to desethylamiodarone and other minor metabolites. Because amiodarone and the metabolites accumulate in the lungs, it is not possible to ascertain the role of each of these compounds in the in...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ogle CL,Reasor MJ

更新日期：1990-05-31 00:00:00