Abstract：
:An experimental approach was taken to the question of dose-response curves for chemical carcinogenesis, using DNA damage as a biomarker. Female rats were give 13 different doses of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (from 1.4 to 135,000 micrograms/kg) and the subsequent hepatic DNA damage was determined by the alkaline elution technique. DMH doses below 450 micrograms/kg did not significantly damage DNA; all DMH doses of 1000 micrograms/kg or higher damaged rat hepatic DNA (P < 0.05). In this study the x values (dose) ranged over five orders of magnitude and the y values (DNA damage) ranged 30-fold. Ten different regression models (linear, quadratic, cubic, power, and six nonlinear transition models) were compared in their ability to fit the experimental data. With respect to log transformed dose, the six nonlinear transition equations fit the data considerably better than the four power type of equations. A sigmoid model fit to the log transformed dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine had an r2 of 0.9979, a degree of freedom adjusted r2 of 0.9969, a F-statistic of 1,457, and a fit standard error of 0.50. With respect to untransformed dose, only three equations (sigmoid, cascade and gaussian cumulative) could creditably fit the DMH data. The experimental results are interpreted with respect to hormesis, use of log transformed dose, sigmoid dose-response models, thresholds of biological response and cancer risk assessment.
journal_name
Toxicologyjournal_title
Toxicologyauthors
Kitchin KT,Brown JLdoi
10.1016/s0300-483x(96)03478-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-12-02 00:00:00pages
113-24issue
2eissn
0300-483Xissn
1879-3185pii
S0300-483X(96)03478-6journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
TOXICOLOGY文献大全abstract：:Sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used for the treatment of dental caries and dentin hypersensitivity. However, its pro-apoptotic effect on odontoblasts may lead to harmful side-effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pro-apoptotic effects of NaF in odontoblasts and elucidate the possible underlying molec...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2013.03.016
更新日期：2013-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Aconitine (ACO) is a highly toxic diterpenoid alkaloid and known to exert the immunomodulatory action. However, whether it has any effects on ion currents in immune cells remains unknown. The effects of ACO and other related compounds on ion currents in Jurkat T-lymphocytes were investigated in this study. ACO suppres...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2011.07.003
更新日期：2011-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Excretion and organ distribution of mercury and susceptibility to methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity were compared between strains and sexes after successive oral administration of MeHg chloride (5 mg/kg per day) using BALB/cA (C) and C57BL/6N (B6) mice. Every mouse died several days after initiation of toxic symptoms, and...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(88)90079-0
更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, hepatotrophic factors are synthesized and released into the serum to facilitate the regeneration of damaged hepatic tissue. We investigated the possibility that immunosuppression could be mediated through induction of a serum factor(s) because in vivo exposure of B6...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(93)90083-5
更新日期：1993-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Dimethoate, azinphos-methyl, diazinon and pirimiphos-methyl, widely used organophosphorous insecticides, and benomyl, a benzimidazole fungicide, induce different cytotoxic effects on the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Among the insecticides tested, only azinphos and diazinon induced a dose-related inhibition of prote...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(94)90036-1
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of administration of a glutamate-containing protein hydrolysate on the arcuate nucleus of 10-day-old mice was studied by two methods. Arcuate nucleus damage resulted when administration was by a single large subcutaneous dose (100 ml/kg). When the same total dose was administered subcutaneously in five smal...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(75)90070-0
更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic pyrethroids are used as insecticides in agriculture and a variety of household applications worldwide. Pyrethroids are widely distributed in all environmental compartments and the general populations are exposed to pyrethroids through various routes. Pyrethroids have been identified as endocrine-disrupting c...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2020.152460
更新日期：2020-05-30 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the results of the multiple-dose guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) and the non-radioactive murine local lymph-node assay (LLNA) for various biocides. Thirteen out of 17 positive biocides in the GPMT gave positive results in the LLNA. In the GPMT, the minimum first induction doses ranged over four orders ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2005.02.014
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spores of actinomycetes, mesophilic gram-positive bacteria, isolated from moldy houses, induced the expression of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) with a subsequent NO-production in RAW264.7 macrophages. No differences were detected between production of nitric oxide (NO) by alive or irradiated spores of different strains...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00141-8
更新日期：1997-12-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The early neonatal stage constitutes a sensitive period during which exposure to adverse events can increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. Maternal deprivation (MD) is a model of early life stress that induces long-term behavioural and physiological alterations, including susceptibility to different drugs of...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2012.12.003
更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of 2 structurally-related p-phenylenediamines, HC Blue No. 1, and HC Blue No. 2 were conducted by administering each chemical in feed for 103 weeks to both sexes of Fischer 344/N rats and B6C3F1 (C57BL/6N x C3H/HEN) mice. Diets containing 0, 1500, or 3000 ppm HC Blue 1 were fed to...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(89)90130-3
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigates the influence of different levels of Schistosoma mansoni infection (60, 120, 180, 300, 600 cercariae per mice) after 33 days on the activity of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and the formation of hepatic hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) during the metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene [...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00372-9
更新日期：2001-06-21 00:00:00
abstract：:As vaccines are undoubtedly classified as pharmaceuticals, they have to be submitted to strict non-clinical safety evaluation. The context of their prophylactic use requires that every effort is made to ensure their safe use. Their safety evaluation is complex as they act through a multistage mechanism in which the va...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00055-0
更新日期：2002-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common clinical phenomena observed in human newborns. To achieve effective therapeutic treatment, numerous studies have been done to determine the molecular mechanisms of bilirubin-induced neuronal excitotoxicity. However, there is no conclusive evidence for the involvement of glu...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.010
更新日期：2011-06-18 00:00:00
abstract：:A 20-year-old man on oral substitution of pancreatic enzymes after hemipancreatectomy injected an enzyme preparation of fungal origin intravenously after dissolving it in water. Within a few hours chills, headache, nausea and vomiting, fever of 40.8 degrees C, and shock occurred. The acute illness might have been caus...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(89)90189-3
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aluminium (Al) oxyhydroxide (Alhydrogel®), the main adjuvant licensed for human and animal vaccines, consists of primary nanoparticles that spontaneously agglomerate. Concerns about its safety emerged following recognition of its unexpectedly long-lasting biopersistence within immune cells in some individuals, and rep...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2016.11.018
更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effect of repeated ozone exposure on the respiratory system in mice, sensitized with ovalbumin (OA). OA-sensitized mice and saline-treated control mice were exposed to 1.0 ppm ozone or clean air for 6 h daily and five days weekly for five weeks. Subsequently, these mice were exposed to 1.0 ppm ozone fo...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.047
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human keratinocyte cell line, RHEK-1, was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of benzoyl peroxide (BZP). As determined with the neutral red (NR) cytotoxicity assay, the 24-h midpoint (NR50) toxicity values, in mM, were 0.11 for BZP and 29.5 for benzoic acid, the stable metabolite of BZP. Irreversible cytotoxicity oc...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(95)03189-m
更新日期：1996-01-08 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of inclusion bodies in renal proximal tubules was studied in rats exposed to lead and/or disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide). Pregnant rats were treated with only lead acetate (0.25% Pb in the drinking water), only disulfiram (0.1 mmol/kg p.o. twice a week) or with both lead acetate and disulfiram fr...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(87)90046-1
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of 2,2,2-trichloro-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate (Penfenate) on hepatic, renal and small intestinal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities, hepatic reduced glutathione content and urinary excretion of thioethers were studied in the rat. A single i.p. dose of Penfenate (500 mg/kg) decreased the body weig...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(83)90028-8
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of 27 compounds to mediate depletion of glutathione (GSH) in a fortified liver microsome incubation via production of reactive metabolites generated by microsomal mono-oxygenase (MMO) metabolism has been studied. The majority of compounds tested of this type were positive in this assay, with the exception ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(89)90082-6
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been an intensive debate whether dietary exposure to acrylamide could increase the risk of human cancer since the first description of the presence of acrylamide in food in 2002. As the intestinal mechanisms of acrylamide absorption are poorly investigated we studied the transport of acrylamide in differenti...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2006.12.014
更新日期：2007-03-22 00:00:00
abstract：:The cytotoxicity of CdCl2 and 2 isoforms of hepatic cadmium-metallothionein (CdMT I and II), was investigated using primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. The cell cultures were exposed to cadmium as CdCl2 or as either isoform of CdMT for a 20-h period at concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 ng Cd X ml-1. Cytotoxicity ...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(87)90034-5
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nine structurally different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were tested for their ability to either agonize or antagonize the human androgen receptor (hAR) in a sensitive reporter gene assay based on CHO cells transiently cotransfected with a hAR vector and an MMTV-LUC vector. Benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A), benzo[...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00143-8
更新日期：2000-04-14 00:00:00
abstract：:The bioavailability of coplanar 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB118) and nonplanar 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) from soils representing a range in organic carbon (OC), clay content and pH were investigated using an in vivo rat model and an in vitro physiologically based extraction test (PBET) to assess th...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tox.2005.08.012
更新日期：2006-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Young adult male and female Wistar rats were inhalationally exposed head-only for 1 or 4 h to different anticholinesterase aerosols. The compounds tested were dichlorvos, fenamiphos, methamidophos, parathion, a pyrimidine thiophosphate and the carbamate propoxur. These compounds are direct or indirect inhibitors of ch...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(87)90126-0
更新日期：1987-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:An in vitro model of the rat nasal cavity has been used to compare the responses of nasal tissues in vitro, using loss of intracellular ATP and potassium as indices of toxicity, with the pathological changes occurring following in vivo exposure to four test compounds. Turbinates were incubated in vitro with the test c...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00180-8
更新日期：2000-04-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The attempts to use nitroxide free radicals and nitrone spin traps topically in skin requires analysis of their potential cutaneous adverse effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the skin irritation and sensitizing potential of nitroxides and nitrones in the guinea pig. The following unsubstituted nit...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00183-2
更新日期：1998-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Ochratoxin A (OCT A) has the potential to cause myelotoxicity in addition to the well-known toxic effects on the liver and kidney. Whereas in previous studies the bone marrow parameters were examined shortly after injection, experiments reported here were designed to determine whether mice would recover from the myelo...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(88)90236-3
更新日期：1988-12-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that excess dietary Al during development can affect neurobehavioral measures and decrease tissue Mn of 21-day-old weanling mice without a corresponding increase in tissue Al concentrations. Al and Mn have similar tissue concentrations and similar affinities for transferrin, which is the ma...
journal_title：Toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0300-483x(93)90154-k
更新日期：1993-07-11 00:00:00
