Influence of dosage regimen on responses of the arcuate nucleus to subcutaneous injection of a protein hydrolysate.

abstract：:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the biological and toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), dioxin-like compounds (DLC) as well as some drugs and endogenous tryptophan metabolites. Short-term activation of AhR can lead to hepatocellular s...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Oshida K,Vasani N,Thomas RS,Applegate D,Gonzalez FJ,Aleksunes LM,Klaassen CD,Corton JC

更新日期：2015-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Within the framework of an EU project on risk assessment of brominated flame retardants, TBBPA was studied for neurobehavioral effects in rats. To permit benchmark dose analysis, eight dose levels were chosen ranging from 0 to 3000mg/kg body weight. Exposure of parental rats started 10 and 2 weeks before mating in mal...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lilienthal H,Verwer CM,van der Ven LT,Piersma AH,Vos JG

更新日期：2008-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Several nitrocompounds have been screened for carcinogenicity in rodents, but this is a lengthy and expensive process, taking two years and typically costing 2.5 million dollars, and uses large numbers of animals. There is, therefore, much impetus to develop suitable alternative methods. One possible way of predicting...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Morales AH,Pérez MA,Combes RD,González MP

更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental work in rodents suggest that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent environmental toxicant, is associated with incidence of heart disease. Although TCDD toxicity depends by and large on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the role of the...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kurita H,Carreira VS,Fan Y,Jiang M,Naticchioni M,Koch S,Rubinstein J,Puga A

更新日期：2016-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to heavy metals contributes to most of the unexplained male infertility. Lead (Pb) is a well- known heavy metal, which disrupt the male reproductive system. This study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic and protective effects of green tea active principle, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), on the lea...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hassan E,Kahilo K,Kamal T,Hassan M,Saleh Elgawish M

更新日期：2019-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Crosstalk between epithelial and stromal cells drives the morphogenesis of ectodermal organs during development and promotes normal mature adult epithelial tissue homeostasis. Epithelial-stromal interactions (ESIs) have historically been examined using mammalian models and ex vivo tissue recombination. Although these ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Belair DG,Abbott BD

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) has proven to be an effective experimental agricultural fungicide. However, NDPS produces marked nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley and Fischer 344 rats. The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of an intact, unsubstituted succinimide ring for acute NDPS-induced ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yang DJ,Richmond CD,Teets VJ,Brown PI,Rankin GO

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nature of cancer initiation by fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was investigated in rat liver by monitoring the effect of phenobarbital (PB) as cancer promoter and evaluating the involvement of spontaneously initiated cells. A PB promoting regimen (0.05% in the diet) stimulated the outgrowth of FB(1)-induced placental gluta...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gelderblom WC,Marasas WF,Lebepe-Mazur S,Swanevelder S,Abel S

更新日期：2008-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Amiodarone is a class III anti-arrhythmic compound that is iodinated, cationic and amphiphilic in nature. The clinical use of amiodarone may be associated with various side-effects, including pulmonary and hepatic toxicity. Use of this compound during pregnancy may therefore place the fetus at risk through in utero ex...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hill DA,Reasor MJ

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiols are known to influence the metabolism of glutathione. In a previous study (Toxicology 156 (2001) 93) dithiothreitol (DTT) did not show any effect on intra- or extracellular glutathione concentrations in HeLa cell cultures but increased the effects of mercury ions on glutathione concentrations, whereas monothiol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hultberg B,Andersson A,Isaksson A

更新日期：2002-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Groundwater (GW) from the Bitterfeld industrial region, Central Germany, is contaminated mainly with monochlorobenzene (MCB). Accordingly, current research addresses the development of feasible in situ groundwater remediation technologies. Although easily degradable under aerobic conditions, MCB persists in the essent...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bittkau A,Geyer R,Bhatt M,Schlosser D

更新日期：2004-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Ochratoxin A (OCT A) has the potential to cause myelotoxicity in addition to the well-known toxic effects on the liver and kidney. Whereas in previous studies the bone marrow parameters were examined shortly after injection, experiments reported here were designed to determine whether mice would recover from the myelo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hong HH,Jameson CW,Boorman GA

更新日期：1988-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the need for non-animal alternatives has been well recognised for the human health hazard assessment of chemicals in general, it has become especially pressing for cosmetic ingredients due to the full implementation of testing and marketing bans on animal testing under the European Cosmetics Regulation. This ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rogiers V,Benfenati E,Bernauer U,Bodin L,Carmichael P,Chaudhry Q,Coenraads PJ,Cronin MTD,Dent M,Dusinska M,Ellison C,Ezendam J,Gaffet E,Galli CL,Goebel C,Granum B,Hollnagel HM,Kern PS,Kosemund-Meynen K,Ouédraogo G,

更新日期：2020-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Deltamethrin, an alpha-cyano type II synthetic pyrethroid insecticide is used to control a wide range of insects on a variety of crops. Deltamethrin is reported to cause many adverse effects on non-target species. Deltamethrin is reported to cause DNA damage and micronuclei induction in human lymphocytes. It is highly...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Shukla Y,Arora A,Singh A

更新日期：2001-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Several different meanings have been attached to the term "chemical sensitivity" by those who use it. Feeling ill from odors is a symptom reported by approximately one-third of the population. The syndrome of chemical sensitivity, frequently called "Multiple Chemical Sensitivity" or "MCS" has been the subject of three...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Miller CS

更新日期：1996-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemicals can increase carcinogenic risk by either directly damaging DNA or increasing cell replication or they can do both. These effects have different implications for a biologically-based extrapolation from rodent bioassays to humans. 2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) administered at low doses to mice for a lifetime h...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cohen SM

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of accurate and sensitive methods for the measurement of cytokines in body fluids is an absolute prerequisite for the proper use of these mediators in clinical practice. Many factors contribute to the complexity of cytokines quantitation: these molecules circulate at very low levels (e.g. pg/ml) under various ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bienvenu JA,Monneret G,Gutowski MC,Fabien N

更新日期：1998-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:An in vitro model of the rat nasal cavity has been used to compare the responses of nasal tissues in vitro, using loss of intracellular ATP and potassium as indices of toxicity, with the pathological changes occurring following in vivo exposure to four test compounds. Turbinates were incubated in vitro with the test c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kilgour JD,Simpson SA,Alexander DJ,Reed CJ

更新日期：2000-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The intravenous toxicity of phytic acid (inositol hexakisphosphate, IHP) has recently become of interest because of the potential for IHP incorporation into red blood cells to achieve a therapeutically useful shift in the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve (Gersonde, K. and Nicolau, C., Blut, 39 (1979) 1). The obser...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gersonde K,Weiner M

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of benzoyl mustard (FCE 24517) and epoxamido (FCE 24561) synthetic derivatives of distamycin A were reported in the present study. The 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) of colony formation of FCE 24517 on human SNB-19 glioblastoma, A2780 ovarian cancer and DU 145 prostate cancer w...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Agen C,Sironi AM,Danesi R,Costa M,Bernardini N,Paparelli A,Della Torre P,Del Tacca M

更新日期：1992-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria play a central role in the life and death of cells. These organelles serve as the major energy-producing power-house, whereby the generation of ATP is associated with the utilization of molecular oxygen. A significant fraction (2-3%) of molecular oxygen consumed by mitochondria may be reduced in a one-ele...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Heck DE,Kagan VE,Shvedova AA,Laskin JD

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Experiments were designed to assess the mechanisms of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP)-induced changes in thermoregulation of the rat. In one study, male rats of the Long-Evans strain were injected with DFP (s.c.) at doses ranging from 0 to 2.0 mg/kg while maintained at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 20--24 degrees C...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gordon CJ,Fogelson L,Lee L,Highfill J

更新日期：1991-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely believed that the nigrostriatal toxicity of MPTP is due to its oxidation by brain monoamine oxidase first to MPDP+, and eventually to MPP+. Following uptake by the synaptic dopamine reuptake system, it is concentrated in the matrix of striatal mitochondria by an energy-dependent carrier, energized by the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Singer TP,Ramsay RR,McKeown K,Trevor A,Castagnoli NE Jr

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vivo toxicity of the novel copper-based anticancer agent, casiopeina II (Cu(4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(glycine)NO3) (CII), was investigated. Casiopeinas are a family of copper-coordinated complexes that have shown promising anticancer activity. The major toxic effect attributed to a single i.v. administr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： De Vizcaya-Ruiz A,Rivero-Müller A,Ruiz-Ramirez L,Howarth JA,Dobrota M

更新日期：2003-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested, on the basis of work in cell-free systems, that sulfonamide hydroxy-lamines are metabolized to nitroso metabolites which may be the proximate toxins mediating sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions. We performed time-course experiments investigating the toxicity of the hydroxylamine and nitroso ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rieder MJ,Krause R,Bird IA

更新日期：1995-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Aniline and its halogenated derivatives are widely used as chemical intermediates. The purpose of this study was to determine the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potential of the 2-haloanilines. Male Fischer 344 rats (n > or = 4) were injected (i.p.) with 1.0 or 1.25 mmol/kg of: aniline (A), 2-fluoroaniline (2-FA), 2-chlo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Valentovic MA,Ball JG,Anestis DK,Beers KW,Madan E,Hubbard JL,Rankin GO

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dental resin systems have been in use for several decades. (Meth)acrylic monomers are an important part of the matrix system and are either based on BPA while others lack the BPA core. The degree of conversion during restoration is in general between 50-70 % allowing leaching from unreacted monomers to the oral cavity...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vervliet P,Den Plas JV,De Nys S,Duca RC,Boonen I,Elskens M,Van Landuyt KL,Covaci A

更新日期：2019-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic reactions are among the common adverse effects in humans. However, it is widely assumed that there are practically no reliable animal models for preclinical tests of low-molecular weight drugs that are available to predict such reactions. This study was designed to compare the detecting ability of test method...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hattori H,Yamaguchi F,Wagai N,Kato M,Nomura M

更新日期：1997-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of isoflurane, 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether, on the oxidative metabolism of halothane to produce trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and on the reductive metabolism of halothane to produce chlorodifluoroethylene (CDE) and chlorotrifluoroethane (CTE) in liver microsomes of guinea pig were exami...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fujii K

更新日期：1995-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Aromatase enzyme plays a central role in steroidogenesis by converting androgens to estrogens and has been proposed as an important molecular target for many environmental endocrine disrupters chemicals. In this study, we have screened 30 selected pesticides with known, unknown or supposed effects on aromatase activit...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Laville N,Balaguer P,Brion F,Hinfray N,Casellas C,Porcher JM,Aït-Aïssa S

更新日期：2006-11-10 00:00:00