Heavy metals and the etiology of Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders.

abstract：:Long-term cadmium exposure leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in the proximal tubular epithelial cells. Mitochondrial DNA deletion may contribute to the pathogenesis of cadmium-induced nephropathy. The aim of our study is to clarify the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletion and mitochondrial dysfunction in the re...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Takaki A,Jimi S,Segawa M,Hisano S,Takebayashi S,Iwasaki H

更新日期：2004-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Whole body autoradiograms of mice injected with 2,2',3,3',6-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (I), 2,3,3',4',6-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (II), 2,2',3,5',6-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (III) and 2,3',4,5,5'-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (IV) showed a specific accumulation of I-III in the lung parenchyma, whereas IV did not accumulate in ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Brandt I,Mohammed A,Slanina P

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult female F-344 rats were trained (avoidance rate > 70%) over four days with a coupled tone- (n = 10 rats/dose) or 2 ppm acetaldehyde-cued (n = 6 rats/dose) foot shock paradigm. Rats were gavaged with chloroform dissolved in corn oil for 5 days/week for 3 week at 0 or 400 (tone-cued) or 0, 34, 100, or 400 (odor-cue...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Dorman DC,Miller KL,D'Antonio A,James RA,Morgan KT

更新日期：1997-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The zebrafish Danio rerio embryo test with metabolic activation (mDarT) was developed to assess the teratogenic effects of proteratogens. In this study induced rat liver microsomes (RLM) were used as a mammalian metabolic activation system (MAS), since they contain various cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms at high concen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Weigt S,Huebler N,Braunbeck T,von Landenberg F,Broschard TH

更新日期：2010-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of cadmium on some mitochondrial enzymes of kidney, testis and lung were investigated in male rats. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg Cd/kg body weight and its effects were studied 24, 72 and 144 h later. Succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase activities were significantly inhibited i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Prasada Rao PV

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chalcones are phenolic compounds that can be isolated from plants. Previous studies have described some pharmacological applications for these compounds. Making use of our established reporter gene system, we determined the effect of five hydroxychalcones--2-hydroxychalcone, 2'-hydroxychalcone, 4-hydroxychalcone, 4,2'...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang H,Wang Y,Chen ZY,Chan FL,Leung LK

更新日期：2005-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cetaben and clofibrate were each administered to groups of 6 rats (3 male and 3 female) by gavage at dosages of 50 mg/kg per day and 200 mg/kg per day for 2 weeks. Cetaben caused 1 death at 200 mg/kg per day and decreases in body weight gain and food consumption at 50 mg/kg per day or more. There were no effects on bo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fort FL,Stein HH,Langenberg K,Lewkowski JP,Heyman IA,Kesterson JW

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The most commonly used assays designed to detect either skin or systemic immune-based hypersensitivity reactions are those using guinea pigs (GP). We obtained data from various FDA records to evaluate the correlation between GP assay results and reported post-marketing systemic hypersensitivity reactions. We examined ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Weaver JL,Staten D,Swann J,Armstrong G,Bates M,Hastings KL

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlordecone (CD) impairs biliary excretion of organic anions (including phenolphthalein glucuronide (PG), imipramine polar metabolites, and taurocholate) without evidence of hepatocellular necrosis in rats. In this study we investigated the hypothesis that CD-induced hepatobiliary dysfunction is dependent on CD concen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rochelle LG,Curtis LR

更新日期：1994-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Novel substituted phenoxyalkyl pyridinium oximes, previously shown to reactivate brain cholinesterase in rats treated with high sublethal dosages of surrogates of sarin and VX, were tested for their ability to prevent mortality from lethal doses of these two surrogates. Rats were treated subcutaneously with 0.6mg/kg n...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chambers JE,Meek EC,Bennett JP,Bennett WS,Chambers HW,Leach CA,Pringle RB,Wills RW

更新日期：2016-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:In an attempt to ameliorate the chemotherapy associated normal cell toxicity, in this study a known antioxidant, grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) using Chang liver cells has been used. Chang liver cells were treated in vitro with idarubicin (Ida) (30 nM) and 4-hydroxyperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) (1 microg/m...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Joshi SS,Kuszynski CA,Bagchi M,Bagchi D

更新日期：2000-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was undertaken to investigate the usefulness of stress proteins as early, sensitive indicators of hepatotoxicity. Induction of stress protein synthesis in precision-cut rat liver slices was examined following in vitro exposure to sodium arsenite or heat shock. Precision-cut rat liver slices were incu...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wijeweera JB,Thomas CM,Gandolfi AJ,Brendel K

更新日期：1995-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Technical pentabrominated diphenyl ether (pentaBDE mix) is a mixture of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) which has been widely used as a flame retardant. Since its ban in several countries it has been replaced by other brominated flame retardants such as hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). Both certain PBDE congeners...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fery Y,Buschauer I,Salzig C,Lang P,Schrenk D

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione S-transferases and glutathione play an important role in the detoxification of most toxic agents. In the present study, the protective effects of some antioxidants (L-ascorbic acid (AA), vitamin E (VE) or garlic) on carbon tetrachloride-induced changes in the activity of alanine amino transferase (ALT), as...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sheweita SA,Abd El-Gabar M,Bastawy M

更新日期：2001-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Transferrin, as the major iron-transport protein in serum and other body fluids, has a central role in managing iron the body receives. Liver is a major site of transferrin synthesis, and in this study we present evidence that liver synthesis of human transferrin is suppressed by both the toxic metal lead and bacteria...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Barnum-Huckins KM,Martinez AO,Rivera EV,Adrian EK Jr,Herbert DC,Weaker FJ,Walter CA,Adrian GS

更新日期：1997-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have shown that magnesium, unlike calcium, prevents cadmium carcinogenesis at the subcutaneous injection site, and that neither magnesium nor calcium has any significant influence on the production of testicular tumors by cadmium in rats. The present investigation attempts to disclose the nature of th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kasprzak KS,Poirier LA

更新日期：1985-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The scandal of melamine-contamination has not been quite blown out, since the toxicity of melamine continues to raise concerns for public health. It has been well known that fetus and infant periods play the most important roles in brain development, whereas little has been done on the harmful effects of melamine on t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yang J,An L,Yao Y,Yang Z,Zhang T

更新日期：2011-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:p-Chloro-m-cresol (PCMC) and p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX) are known to cause allergic contact dermatitis. For risk assessment of skin sensitizers, information on dose-response profiles in the induction and elicitation phases and cross-reactivity with analogous chemicals are important. In the non-radioactive local lymph-n...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamano T,Shimizu M,Noda T

更新日期：2003-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Dioxins, including the most toxic congener, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), exert diverse biological effects in humans and animals. Host resistance, especially to virus infections, is considered one of the most sensitive targets of TCDD-toxicity, while a recent study showed that the vulnerability to TCDD o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nohara K,Izumi H,Tamura Si,Nagata R,Tohyama C

更新日期：2002-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergic reactions are among the common adverse effects in humans. However, it is widely assumed that there are practically no reliable animal models for preclinical tests of low-molecular weight drugs that are available to predict such reactions. This study was designed to compare the detecting ability of test method...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hattori H,Yamaguchi F,Wagai N,Kato M,Nomura M

更新日期：1997-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:It is now well-recognized that human environmental exposures are not to single chemicals. Rather, humans are exposed, either concurrently or sequentially, to multiple chemicals. Challenges that chemical mixtures pose for risk assessment and toxicology are presented. Challenge areas include increasing the peer-reviewed...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Simmons JE

更新日期：1995-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In several separate experiments neonatal rats were intubated daily with 9, 27 or 81 mg lead acetate/kg of body weight throughout their 3-week postnatal period of development. Based on average body weights, the total daily lead intake was 0.156, 0.454 or 1.384 mg lead per animal, respectively (in addition to normal lea...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sobotka TJ,Brodie RE,Cook MP

更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic contamination of drinking water is a matter of global concern. Arsenic intake impairs immune responses and leads to a variety of pathological conditions including cancer. In order to understand the intricate tuning of immune responses elicited by chronic exposure to arsenic, a mouse model was established by su...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Choudhury S,Gupta P,Ghosh S,Mukherjee S,Chakraborty P,Chatterji U,Chattopadhyay S

更新日期：2016-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:To further investigate the immunotoxic effects of tri-n-propyltin chloride (TPTC), tri-n-butyltin chloride (TBTC) and triphenyltin chloride (TPhTC) several cytotoxicity tests with a series of trialkyltin chlorides and TPhTC were carried out, using isolated rat thymocytes as target cells. Thymocytes, cultured in a seru...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Snoeij NJ,van Iersel AA,Penninks AH,Seinen W

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) is a surfactant used primarily as an aid in processing various fluoropolymers. Many toxicology and epidemiological studies have been conducted with APFO; however, no specific information regarding functional reproduction was previously available. Therefore, the potential reproductive...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Butenhoff JL,Kennedy GL Jr,Frame SR,O'Connor JC,York RG

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:National surveys of United States households and child care centers have demonstrated that pyrethroids are widely distributed in indoor habited dwellings and this suggests that co-exposure to multiple pyrethroids occurs in nonoccupational settings. The purpose of this research was to use an environmentally r...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Starr JM,Graham SE,Ross DG,Tornero-Velez R,Scollon EJ,Devito MJ,Crofton KM,Wolansky MJ,Hughes MF

更新日期：2014-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal markers were investigated over 96 h in male Sprague-Dawley rats after i.v. administration of 10.7 mg kg(-1) of digoxin-specific Fab fragments (DSFab). The dose was calculated by an allometric equation as equivalent to a high clinical dose. DSFab both alone and pre-incubated with digoxin were tested. None of the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Advenier E,Mouajjah S,Bazin-Redureau M,Launay JM,Scherrmann JM

更新日期：1998-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Lead is known to impede the male reproductive function, however, the mechanisms through which the adverse effects are mediated are not clearly elucidated. In order to get insight into those mechanisms, we have examined the effects of lead on the biosynthesis of steroid hormones by Leydig cells in the rat. To determine...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Thoreux-Manlay A,Le Goascogne C,Segretain D,Jégou B,Pinon-Lataillade G

更新日期：1995-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Several epidemiological studies have shown that acute exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with increases in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and that these effects are especially exacerbated among individuals with pre-existing compromised cardiovascular function such as hypertension. This study ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nemmar A,Zia S,Subramaniyan D,Fahim MA,Ali BH

更新日期：2011-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic pyrethroids are used as insecticides in agriculture and a variety of household applications worldwide. Pyrethroids are widely distributed in all environmental compartments and the general populations are exposed to pyrethroids through various routes. Pyrethroids have been identified as endocrine-disrupting c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang Q,Shen JY,Zhang R,Hong JW,Li Z,Ding Z,Wang HX,Zhang JP,Zhang MR,Xu LC

更新日期：2020-05-30 00:00:00