Abstract:
:The scandal of melamine-contamination has not been quite blown out, since the toxicity of melamine continues to raise concerns for public health. It has been well known that fetus and infant periods play the most important roles in brain development, whereas little has been done on the harmful effects of melamine on the center nervous system (CNS) of children. In the present study, we investigated the effects of melamine on behavioral and electrophysiology alternations in rats, and the effects of melamine on synaptic transmission were examined using whole-cell patch-clamp technique in the hippocampal CA1 neurons of infant rats. Morris water maze (MWM) test showed that learning and memory abilities were impaired significantly by melamine. The long-time potentiation (LTP) test exhibited that the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slopes were significantly lower in melamine group compared to that in control group. Furthermore, the data of whole-cell patch-clamp experiments showed that melamine decreased the frequencies of both spontaneous EPSCs (sEPSCs) and minitura EPSCs (mEPSCs) to the same extent (about 76% and 78% respectively). However, there were no significant changes in sEPSC or mEPSC amplitude or kinetics after melamine addition, indicating that the effect of melamine on glutamatergic transmission was probably presynaptic. In conclusion, melamine reduced the release of glutamate in presynaptic transmission of hippocampus, which partly resulted in diminished LTP and further damaged the function of learning and memory.
journal_name
Toxicologyjournal_title
Toxicologyauthors
Yang J,An L,Yao Y,Yang Z,Zhang Tdoi
10.1016/j.tox.2011.08.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-11-18 00:00:00pages
167-74issue
2-3eissn
0300-483Xissn
1879-3185pii
S0300-483X(11)00302-7journal_volume
289pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
TOXICOLOGY文献大全abstract::Allergic reactions are among the common adverse effects in humans. However, it is widely assumed that there are practically no reliable animal models for preclinical tests of low-molecular weight drugs that are available to predict such reactions. This study was designed to compare the detecting ability of test method...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00118-2
更新日期:1997-11-21 00:00:00
abstract::This study reviews current understanding of mechanisms of biotransformation of organophosphorus compounds (OPC). The first part of this article covers chemical aspects of biotransformation describing reactions that lead to activation or detoxication of OPC. The second part explains biochemical mechanisms of biotransfo...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00463-2
更新日期:2001-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase assay (MLA) has been optimized to quantitatively determine the in vitro mutagenicity of cigarette mainstream smoke particulate phase. To test whether the MLA is able to discriminate between different cigarette types, specially constructed cigarettes each containing a single tobacco ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2006.07.019
更新日期:2006-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of rats to 0.1 and 0.5 mg Cd/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) thrice weekly for 5 weeks resulted in an accumulation of cadmium in the liver in concentrations of 40 and 95 micrograms/g tissue, respectively, and a microsomal burden of Cd amounting to approx. 2-3% of the retained cadmium. The cytoplasm contained about 8...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(84)90079-9
更新日期:1984-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon monoxide (CO) gas is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels and substances. From a public health perspective, CO poisoning may be the cause of more than 50% of fatal poisonings in many industrial countries. The adverse effects of CO poisoning may be more widespread because of unreported si...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00387-6
更新日期:2002-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of zinc and copper on delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase were studied in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro addition of zinc alone to whole blood resulted in a highly significant increase in enzyme activity. The addition of copper alone had the opposite effect with a significant decrease in enzyme activit...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(81)90161-x
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the effect of O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate (OSS-Me) on macrophage function and the immune responses of both T- and B-cells using an in vitro system. The involvement of glutathione (GSH) in the bioactivation of OSS-Me to suppress such responses was investigated after either direct culture with spleen o...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(86)90155-1
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The two major mammalian metabolites of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), namely 2-hydroxy-3,7,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2-hydroxy-1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, have been synthesized. The compounds were individually administered to immature male Wistar rats and their effects on body weight loss, ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(86)90196-4
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a common drinking water disinfection byproduct that produces a spectrum of liver effects, including hepatomegaly and liver tumors, in mice. It is also an oxidative metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE), a solvent used in degreasing with widespread environmental exposure, which also produc...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2011.04.009
更新日期:2011-07-29 00:00:00
abstract::A number of clinical reports and experimental studies have shown that autoimmune responses and/or autoimmune diseases are induced in humans and laboratory animals by chronic exposure to various chemicals. The present review is focused on the most frequent groups of chemically induced human disorders. Results obtained ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(96)03591-3
更新日期:1997-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::The 4 S polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-binding protein had been implicated in regulating the expression of rat cytochrome P450IA1 which is most closely associated with aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). We have now investigated the presence of both the 4 S PAH-binding protein and the 8 S Ah receptor in rat hep...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(91)90217-o
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tobacco smoking is the largest preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. WHO estimates that tobacco will become the largest single health problem by 2020, causing an estimated 8.4 million deaths annually. Tobacco has central importance in the etiology of cancers of the lung, head...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(01)00445-0
更新日期:2001-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::The most commonly used assays designed to detect either skin or systemic immune-based hypersensitivity reactions are those using guinea pigs (GP). We obtained data from various FDA records to evaluate the correlation between GP assay results and reported post-marketing systemic hypersensitivity reactions. We examined ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(03)00267-1
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An increasing body of data has been demonstrating that mammalian cells have elaborate networks of molecular signalling in counteracting heat shock and in developing adaptation to oxidative stress to avoid cell death. However, the precise mechanisms linking heat shock, oxidative stress and cell survival/cell death mech...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2006.04.028
更新日期:2006-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of a dimethylarsenic compound in seaweed, (R)-(2',3'-dihydroxypropyl) 5- deoxy-5-dimethylarsinoyl-beta-D-riboside, namely arsenosugar (AsSug), on mammalian cells, murine macrophages, in comparison with that of an inorganic arsenical, arsenite, in vitro. More t...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00101-7
更新日期:1997-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was undertaken to investigate the involvement of oxidative damage in lead-induced toxicity in humans and to enlighten whether oxidative stress indicators are correlated with the known indices of lead toxicity. For these purposes, selected oxidative stress parameters along with some clinical indices o...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2003.09.009
更新日期:2004-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Dimethoate, azinphos-methyl, diazinon and pirimiphos-methyl, widely used organophosphorous insecticides, and benomyl, a benzimidazole fungicide, induce different cytotoxic effects on the human leukemia cell line HL-60. Among the insecticides tested, only azinphos and diazinon induced a dose-related inhibition of prote...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(94)90036-1
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past decade, several assessments have estimated the carcinogenic risk of inhaled 1,3-butadiene (BD) to the general population as well as for occupational exposures. Although most of the risk assessments have been based on inhalation bioassays in mice, some of the assessments have included the 2-year inhalat...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(96)03447-6
更新日期:1996-10-28 00:00:00
abstract::A large number of published studies support the notion that long term, low level (LTLL) exposure to organophosphorus (OP) esters may cause neurological and neurobehavioral effects. In order to differentiate these from other effects of OP such as the acute cholinergic episodes, intermediate syndrome and organophosphate...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00447-x
更新日期:2002-12-27 00:00:00
abstract::Gulf War Illness (GWI) affects 25% of veterans from the 1990-1991 Gulf War (GW) and is accompanied by damage to the brain regions involved in memory processing. After twenty-five years, the chronic pathobiology of GWI is still unexplained. To address this problem, we examined the long-term consequences of GW exposures...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.012
更新日期:2016-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::An impaired gut-liver axis is a potential factor that contributes to alcoholic liver disease. Specifically, ethanol decreases intestinal integrity and causes gut dysbiosis. Butyrate, a fermentation byproduct of gut microbiota, is negatively altered following acute ethanol exposure. This study aimed to determine whethe...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2019.152338
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The free radical scavenging activities and inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation of a delphinidin derivative in eggplant were investigated. Delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucoside (nasunin), an anthocyanin, was isolated as purple colored crystals from eggplant peels. Using electron spin resonance spectrome...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00202-x
更新日期:2000-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-nitrosamines (NNA) are mainly activated by cytochrome P450s, and their associated enzyme activities such as aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH), N-nitrosdimethylamine N-demethylase I (NDMA-dI), NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, and detoxified by glutathione S-t...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00048-3
更新日期:2002-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::Relative cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of thiophenes were investigated in suspensions of freshly isolated renal proximal tubular (PT) and distal tubular (DT) cells using 4-(2-thienyl)butyric acid (TByA) as a model compound. TByA produced significantly greater time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, as a...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0300-483x(95)03137-5
更新日期:1995-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::The neurotoxicity and developmental effects of a widely applied insecticide (methomyl) was investigated by a multi-level approach (behavior and biometry, biochemical alterations and neurodegeneration) in Caenorhabditis elegans upon a short-term exposure (1 h) and a post-exposure period (48 h). The 1-h exposure to sub-...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2021.152684
更新日期:2021-01-25 00:00:00
abstract::After i.v. injection of 0.33 mg nicotine/kg the elimination of unchanged nicotine as well as nicotine-N-oxide, cotinine, nornicotine and norcotinine was determined in the urine of pigs dependent on time. In female pigs 16.3% and in male pigs 25.9% of the applied nicotine were recovered in form of the mentioned compoun...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0300-483x(76)90013-5
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the major mycotoxic contaminants of grains, which causes reduced weight gain in pigs. The cytotoxicity of DON to porcine hepatocytes was examined in this study. DON was added at the final concentration of 100, 10, 1, 0.1 or 0.01 microg/ml to the medium of primary cultured hepatocytes. Ce...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.07.001
更新日期:2004-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Insulin and dexamethasone are potent inhibitors of apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta) in hepatoma cells. Using FTO-2B rat hepatoma cells, we determined whether the anti-apoptotic effects of these agents result from interference within or upstream of the TGF-beta-induced caspase cascade. A...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.020
更新日期:2004-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical trials with antidotes are difficult to perform for a variety of practical, ethical, and financial reasons. As acute poisoning is a rare event, the commercial interest in basic and clinical research is low. Poisoned patients are usually not available for normal clinical trial procedures and, if they are, they ...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2006.11.065
更新日期:2007-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is well known that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) may cause male reproductive toxicity, less is known on its potential impact on the development of prostate. In this study, from the 12th day in the embryonic period to the 21st day after birth, 4 randomly assigned groups of pregnant mice were exposed to 0, 1, 10, a...
journal_title:Toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tox.2017.02.004
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00