Persistence of 2,3,6-substituted pentachlorobiphenyls in the lung parenchyma: a new structure-dependent tissue localization of polychlorinated biphenyls in mice.

abstract：:The mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase assay (MLA) has been optimized to quantitatively determine the in vitro mutagenicity of cigarette mainstream smoke particulate phase. To test whether the MLA is able to discriminate between different cigarette types, specially constructed cigarettes each containing a single tobacco ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Schramke H,Meisgen TJ,Tewes FJ,Gomm W,Roemer E

更新日期：2006-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:High-throughput in vitro toxicity screening provides an efficient way to identify potential biological targets for environmental and industrial chemicals while conserving limited testing resources. However, reliance on the nominal chemical concentrations in these in vitro assays as an indicator of bioactivity may misr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wetmore BA

更新日期：2015-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Male and female B6C3F1 mice were administered dichloroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) in their drinking water at concentrations of 1 or 2 g/l for up to 52 weeks. Both compounds induced hepatoproliferative lesions (HPL) in male mice, including hepatocellular nodules, adenomas and hepatocellular carcinomas with...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bull RJ,Sanchez IM,Nelson MA,Larson JL,Lansing AJ

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In urban areas with a predominance of early to mid-20th century housing stock, islands of children possessing blood lead levels (PbB) in excess of CDC guidelines (>10μg/dL) exist. Many of these children are also exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The current study examined the impact of Pb-exposure (PbB lev...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lutz PM,Kelty EA,Brown TD,Wilson TJ,Brock G,Neal RE

更新日期：2012-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The measurement of levels of organic pollutants and/or their metabolites in body tissues or fluids are specific markers of internal dose and, provided that the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds in question are known, these levels may also be used as predictors of effects. Although historical data still remai...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Larsen JC

更新日期：1995-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was designed to examine more fully the neurochemical and behavioral interactions that derive from continued lead and cadmium poisoning in pups, whose mothers were exposed via drinking water (300 mg/l of Pb and 10 mg/l of Cd) throughout pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, these metals produced an inc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Antonio MT,López N,Leret ML

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is widely believed that the nigrostriatal toxicity of MPTP is due to its oxidation by brain monoamine oxidase first to MPDP+, and eventually to MPP+. Following uptake by the synaptic dopamine reuptake system, it is concentrated in the matrix of striatal mitochondria by an energy-dependent carrier, energized by the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Singer TP,Ramsay RR,McKeown K,Trevor A,Castagnoli NE Jr

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats which were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with FeCl2 X 4H2O expired ethane which increased with increasing doses of iron. The same amount of ethane was expired by animals exposed to 20% or 100% oxygen. The mobilization by FeCl2 of stored ethane from the body was excluded. Propane expiration was also stimulated ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Muliawan H,Kappus H

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Databases in science and technology dealing with toxicology subjects are of great and increasing interest to the scientific community. International hosts pay their tribute in creating toxicology clusters as a user-aid. Toxicology clusters of DataStar, DIALOG, DIMDI and STN are listed and compared. At the German Natio...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Voigt K,Brüggemann R

更新日期：1995-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been an intensive debate whether dietary exposure to acrylamide could increase the risk of human cancer since the first description of the presence of acrylamide in food in 2002. As the intestinal mechanisms of acrylamide absorption are poorly investigated we studied the transport of acrylamide in differenti...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zödl B,Schmid D,Wassler G,Gundacker C,Leibetseder V,Thalhammer T,Ekmekcioglu C

更新日期：2007-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the potential toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) on hepatic and renal tissues. In this study, we investigated the modifications in endogenous antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage in liver and kidney of rats by exposure to one of the most persistent PBDE congeners, the 2,2',4,...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Albina ML,Alonso V,Linares V,Bellés M,Sirvent JJ,Domingo JL,Sánchez DJ

更新日期：2010-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of benzoyl mustard (FCE 24517) and epoxamido (FCE 24561) synthetic derivatives of distamycin A were reported in the present study. The 50% inhibiting concentration (IC50) of colony formation of FCE 24517 on human SNB-19 glioblastoma, A2780 ovarian cancer and DU 145 prostate cancer w...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Agen C,Sironi AM,Danesi R,Costa M,Bernardini N,Paparelli A,Della Torre P,Del Tacca M

更新日期：1992-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept that the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (HO) could be generated from an interaction between superoxide (O(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) was proposed (with Joseph Weiss) in Professor Haber's final paper published in 1934. Until it was recognized that free radicals are produced in biological syst...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kehrer JP

更新日期：2000-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Alkylfurans inflict toxicity in several mammalian species to lung, liver and kidney. Organ specificity of the alkylfurans is a sensitive function of the nature of the alkyl group. To determine if this toxicity requires an aromatic ring in the compound, we synthesized 4-methyl-2,3-dihydrofuran, 4-ethyl-2,3-dihydrofuran...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zenk P,Brinkman R,Gammal L,Penka V,Bresnahan J,Wiley R,Traiger G

更新日期：1990-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylmercury is an environmental pollutant that exhibits neurotoxicity when ingested, primarily in the form of neuropathological lesions that localize along deep sulci and fissures, in addition to edematous and inflammatory changes in patient cerebrums. These conditions been known to give rise to a variety of ailment...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yoshida E,Kurita M,Eto K,Kumagai Y,Kaji T

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis due to dicyclanil (DC), an insect growth regulator for sheep, histopathological and molecular biological analyses were performed in the liver of male ICR mice fed on a diet containing 1500 ppm of DC for 2 weeks (Experiment I; Exp. I). In gene expression analyses usi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moto M,Okamura M,Muto T,Kashida Y,Machida N,Mistumori K

更新日期：2005-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of tamoxifen on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and viability has not been explored in corneal epithelial cells. This study examined whether tamoxifen altered [Ca2+]i and viability in SIRC corneal epithelial cells. Tamoxifen at concentrations > or = 1 microM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Huang CC,Cheng HH,Lin KL,Cheng JS,Tsai JY,Liao WC,Fang YC,Jan CR

更新日期：2009-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Five male and female rats per dose-group received 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TBDD) once on the first day of the study. Doses of 10, 33, 100, or 300 micrograms 2,3,7,8-TBDD/kg body wt. and the vehicle control were administered by gavage. About 20% of 2,3,7,8-TBDD was excreted via feces. Severe body wei...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ivens IA,Löser E,Rinke M,Schmidt U,Neupert M

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Testicular injury is often observed in drug development. Serum hormones are usually used as noninvasive biomarkers for testicular injury; however, their sensitivities are low. Therefore, it is difficult to monitor testicular injury in drug development. In recent years, molecules in body fluid exosomes have attracted a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kawata R,Kagawa T,Koya Y,Kajiyama H,Oda S,Yokoi T

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug hypersensitivity reactions are a daily worry for the clinicians, in particular anaphylactic reactions. The tools allowing a definite diagnosis are few and poorly validated. They include a thorough clinical history, standardized skin tests, reliable biological tests, and sometimes drug provocation tests. These too...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Demoly P

更新日期：2005-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the effect of O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate (OSS-Me) on macrophage function and the immune responses of both T- and B-cells using an in vitro system. The involvement of glutathione (GSH) in the bioactivation of OSS-Me to suppress such responses was investigated after either direct culture with spleen o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Thomas IK,Imamura T

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is considerable interest in gene and environment interactions in neurodegenerative diseases. The HFE (homeostatic iron regulator) gene variant (H63D) is highly prevalent in the population and has been investigated as a disease modifier in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. We have developed a mouse model to in...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Song IY,Snyder AM,Kim Y,Neely EB,Wade QW,Connor JR

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The most commonly used assays designed to detect either skin or systemic immune-based hypersensitivity reactions are those using guinea pigs (GP). We obtained data from various FDA records to evaluate the correlation between GP assay results and reported post-marketing systemic hypersensitivity reactions. We examined ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Weaver JL,Staten D,Swann J,Armstrong G,Bates M,Hastings KL

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis has been put forward that mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which induce the P-450 I family of cytochromes, the major enzyme system responsible for their activation, are likely to be carcinogenic. In order to test this hypothesis, rats have been pretreated with a number of polycyclic aromatic h...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ayrton AD,McFarlane M,Walker R,Neville S,Coombs MM,Ioannides C

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible juvenilizing effects of Dimilin and Altosid against larvae of Culex pipiens L. were studied. Apart from delayed lethal action, possible effect on the mean number of basal follicles developed per female has been considered. A baseline exposure was found which caused only low mortalities of the early 4th la...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gaaboub IA,Rawash IA,El-Gayar FH,Traboulsi AF

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An experimental approach was taken to the question of dose-response curves for chemical carcinogenesis, using DNA damage as a biomarker. Female rats were give 13 different doses of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (from 1.4 to 135,000 micrograms/kg) and the subsequent hepatic DNA damage was determined by the alkaline elution tec...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kitchin KT,Brown JL

更新日期：1996-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:T-2 toxin belongs to a group of mycotoxins synthesized by Fusarium fungi that are widely encountered as natural contaminants in cereals. Human lymphoid cell lines of T (MOLT-4) or B (IM-9) lineage were used to characterize the cytotoxic effects mediated by T-2 at different concentrations (0.1 pg/ml to 1 microg/ml). Af...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Minervini F,Fornelli F,Lucivero G,Romano C,Visconti A

更新日期：2005-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A new methodology for estimating the probabilistic risk from acute toxic exposures is planned as a support tool for the Air Force at the Eastern and Western Ranges. Two such methodologies are programs entitled the Launch Area Toxic Analysis program (LATRA) and the Cold Spill Toxic Risk Analysis program (COSTRA). These...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Philipson LL,Hudson JM,See AM

更新日期：1996-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic pyrethroids are used as insecticides in agriculture and a variety of household applications worldwide. Pyrethroids are widely distributed in all environmental compartments and the general populations are exposed to pyrethroids through various routes. Pyrethroids have been identified as endocrine-disrupting c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang Q,Shen JY,Zhang R,Hong JW,Li Z,Ding Z,Wang HX,Zhang JP,Zhang MR,Xu LC

更新日期：2020-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats received 0, 200, 1000 and 5000 ppm metaldehyde in the diet for 2 years. Reproduction studies over three generations using the same dietary levels were carried out. In the third litter of each generation attention was paid to possible embryotoxic or teratogenic effects. The parameters studied included growth, food...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Verschuuren HG,Kroes R,Den Tonkelaar EM,Berkvens JM,Helleman PW,Van Esch GJ

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00