Detection of systemic hypersensitivity to drugs using standard guinea pig assays.

abstract：:To investigate the mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis due to dicyclanil (DC), an insect growth regulator for sheep, histopathological and molecular biological analyses were performed in the liver of male ICR mice fed on a diet containing 1500 ppm of DC for 2 weeks (Experiment I; Exp. I). In gene expression analyses usi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moto M,Okamura M,Muto T,Kashida Y,Machida N,Mistumori K

更新日期：2005-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds (e.g. chromates) are strong oxidants that readily enter cells where they are reduced to reactive Cr intermediates that can directly oxidize some cell components and can promote the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Inhalation is a major route of exposure which d...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Myers JM,Antholine WE,Myers CR

更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:National and international law is an essential component of the array of measures serving to protect against the hostile release of biological or chemical agents, and to help to mitigate the consequences should such a release nevertheless take place. These includes the Geneva Protocol of 1925, the Chemical Weapons Con...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kenyon IR,Gutschmidt K,Cosivi O

更新日期：2005-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell death triggers the release into extracellular spaces of products of chromatin catabolism, particularly of DNA. A sensitive DNA assay has been used to investigate in the mouse whether the quantitation of plasma DNA may be used as an index of in vivo cytotoxicity. It has been found that toxic doses of bacterial lip...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bret L,Lulé J,Alary C,Appolinaire-Pilipenko S,Pourrat JP,Fournié GJ

更新日期：1990-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Subcutaneous administration of methyl isocyanate (MIC) in 0.5 LD50 and 1 LD50 doses in female rabbits resulted in significant changes in physiological, clinico-chemical and histological parameters. There was a fall in arterial blood pressure and cardioacceleration in both the 0.5 LD50 and 1 LD50 groups, while the resp...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jeevarathinam K,Selvamurthy W,Ray US,Mukhopadhyay S,Thakur L

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to observe whether 1.8 GHz microwaves (MW) (SAR, 3 W/kg) exposure can influence human lymphocyte DNA damage induced by ultraviolet ray C (UVC). The lymphocytes, which were from three young healthy donors, were exposed to 254 nm UVC at the doses of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 J m(-...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Baohong W,Lifen J,Lanjuan L,Jianlin L,Deqiang L,Wei Z,Jiliang H

更新日期：2007-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides involved in different neurological disorders. They cross the blood-brain barrier and exert their effect on dopaminergic system, contributing to the burden of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease through several pathways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nasuti C,Gabbianelli R,Falcioni ML,Di Stefano A,Sozio P,Cantalamessa F

更新日期：2007-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The overall purpose of this study was to investigate how airborne house dust particles may contribute to an allergic immune response, and thereby also to asthma and other respiratory symptoms. The following aims were set: first, to quantify and characterize indoor suspended particulate matter (SPM) with regard to amou...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ormstad H

更新日期：2000-11-02 00:00:00

abstract：:We have found that incubation of heparin plasma with Ni(2+) or Co(2+) at concentrations below 100 microM can stimulate the conversion of complement factor C3 to C3b faster than magnesium, which is the natural cofactor in the alternative complement activation. This conversion was monitored by light absorbance measureme...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Acevedo F,Vesterberg O

更新日期：2003-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cisplatin is used as a cytotoxic agent for the management of cervical cancer. However, the severity of the side-effects limits the use of this drug, particularly at high doses. Resistance to cisplatin is often attributed to a disruption in the normal apoptotic response via aberrant activation of pathways such as the m...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Leisching GR,Loos B,Botha MH,Engelbrecht AM

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have examined the effect of pretreatment with a potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, 1-(5-isoquinoline-sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), against metabolic alterations induced by sodium cyanide (NaCN), 4.2 mg/kg, in brain of anesthetized male micropigs (6-10 kg). Brain high energy phosphates were analyzed usin...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Maduh EU,Nealley EW,Song H,Wang PC,Baskin SI

更新日期：1995-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and tetrabromobisphenol A are used as flame retardants and detected in the environmental, wildlife species and human tissues. Exposure to PBDEs during the neonatal development of the brain has been shown to affect behavior and learning and memory in adult ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Viberg H,Eriksson P

更新日期：2011-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac (DF) is associated with idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity and several other distinct hypersensitivity reactions. The mechanism(s) are unknown but evidence suggests both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune effector systems may be involved. In the present stud...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gutting BW,Updyke LW,Amacher DE

更新日期：2002-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:We have determined that the addition of 3-phenylamino-L-alanine (PAA), a recently reported contaminant in L-tryptophan implicated in the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, affects tryptophan binding by utilizing an in vitro measurement of 3H-tryptophan binding to hepatic nuclei or nuclear envelopes. PAA (10(-10) to 10(-4)...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sidransky H,Verney E,Cosgrove JW,Latham PS

更新日期：1994-01-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Lead exposure causes cognitive and behavioral deficits in some children. We have proposed that the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the human pseudodeficient arylsulfatase A (ARSA) gene that result in reduced levels of the enzyme, and lead concentrations that decrease ARSA activity, culminate in cel...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chen XG,Poretz RD

更新日期：2001-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of nitric oxide (NO) in acute renal failure (ARF) is debatable. In the present study, we investigated the effect of acute administration of NO donor, Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), L-Arginine (L-Arg) and NO synthase inhibitor, N(omega)-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in Fe-NTA induced renal toxicity. Rats were ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gupta A,Chander V,Sharma S,Chopra K

更新日期：2007-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:It is accepted practice in presenting organ weight data to express the results relative to the animal's body weight. The data presented suggest that in rats no benefits are obtained from this method either in reducing the variability of the data or in removing bias due to different body weights. By using simulated dat...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Stevens MT

更新日期：1976-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was conducted in order to study the effect of the PCB congener 3,3', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB-77) on fetal thyroxin homeostasis in the mouse, and to examine a possible underlying mechanism behind the effect. C57BL mice were treated with 14C-labelled or unlabelled CB-77 (1 or 10 mg/kg body wt.) on...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Darnerud PO,Morse D,Klasson-Wehler E,Brouwer A

更新日期：1996-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonylphenol (NP) has been identified at low levels in surface waters throughout North America. This industrial chemical is primarily used for the production of certain non-ionic surfactants, and has been reported to have weak estrogen-like activity. As estrogen has immunoregulatory properties and is crucial for normal...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Karrow NA,Guo TL,Delclos KB,Newbold RR,Weis C,Germolec DR,White KL Jr,McCay JA

更新日期：2004-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental work in rodents suggest that exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a persistent environmental toxicant, is associated with incidence of heart disease. Although TCDD toxicity depends by and large on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the role of the...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kurita H,Carreira VS,Fan Y,Jiang M,Naticchioni M,Koch S,Rubinstein J,Puga A

更新日期：2016-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the effect of repeated ozone exposure on the respiratory system in mice, sensitized with ovalbumin (OA). OA-sensitized mice and saline-treated control mice were exposed to 1.0 ppm ozone or clean air for 6 h daily and five days weekly for five weeks. Subsequently, these mice were exposed to 1.0 ppm ozone fo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Funabashi H,Shima M,Kuwaki T,Hiroshima K,Kuriyama T

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of tamoxifen on cytosolic free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and viability has not been explored in corneal epithelial cells. This study examined whether tamoxifen altered [Ca2+]i and viability in SIRC corneal epithelial cells. Tamoxifen at concentrations > or = 1 microM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Huang CC,Cheng HH,Lin KL,Cheng JS,Tsai JY,Liao WC,Fang YC,Jan CR

更新日期：2009-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Transferrin, as the major iron-transport protein in serum and other body fluids, has a central role in managing iron the body receives. Liver is a major site of transferrin synthesis, and in this study we present evidence that liver synthesis of human transferrin is suppressed by both the toxic metal lead and bacteria...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Barnum-Huckins KM,Martinez AO,Rivera EV,Adrian EK Jr,Herbert DC,Weaker FJ,Walter CA,Adrian GS

更新日期：1997-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic rat mutation assays can be used to assess genotoxic properties of chemicals in target organs for carcinogenicity. Mutations in transgenes are genetically neutral and accumulate during a treatment period; thus, assays are suitable for assessing the genotoxic risk of chemicals using a repeated-dose treatment ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kawamura Y,Hayashi H,Masumura K,Numazawa S,Nohmi T

更新日期：2014-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA), is an artificial estrogen initially produced for medical purposes but is today widely used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Exposure-related reproductive disorders have been found, but recently it has also been suggested that BPA may be involved in obesity, diabetes, myocardial hypertroph...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ljunggren SA,Iggland M,Rönn M,Lind L,Lind PM,Karlsson H

更新日期：2016-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous substances or xenoestrogens natural or synthetic, capable of interacting with different systems and altering their normal hormonal regulation, being the reproductive system one of the most affected. EDs produce their effects not only by acting on nuclear steroid receptors, but ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ponzo OJ,Silvia C

更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:It is reported that diesel exhaust particles contain more 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) than benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), both of which are potent carcinogenic compounds. In this study, we show that 1-NP is more potent in reducing cell viability than B[a]P, pyrene, nitrobenzene, and nitromethane. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are enz...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Su JG,Liao PJ,Huang MC,Chu WC,Lin SC,Chang YJ

更新日期：2008-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of mouse embryos was studied after intraperitoneal injection of nickel chloride in the preimplantation period. A single intraperitoneal injection of NiCl2 . 6H2O in 0.154 M NaCl corresponding to 20 mg/kg body wt was given to groups of female mice on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 of gestation. Control groups ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Storeng R,Jonsen J

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:1-Bromopropane (1-BP) intoxication is associated with depression and cognitive and memory deficits. The present study tested the hypothesis that 1-BP suppresses neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, which is involved in higher cerebral function, in adult rats. METHODS:Four groups of 12 male Wistar rats were expos...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zhang L,Nagai T,Yamada K,Ibi D,Ichihara S,Subramanian K,Huang Z,Mohideen SS,Naito H,Ichihara G

更新日期：2013-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemicals can increase carcinogenic risk by either directly damaging DNA or increasing cell replication or they can do both. These effects have different implications for a biologically-based extrapolation from rodent bioassays to humans. 2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) administered at low doses to mice for a lifetime h...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cohen SM

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00