Legal aspects and international assistance related to the deliberate use of chemicals to cause harm.

abstract：:Rats were injected i.p. with the organophosphate insecticide ABATE and tested over the next 16 days. Animals given 1000 mg/kg showed impaired performance of a previously conditioned avoidance response 6 days after injection but not 2, 8, 10, or 16 days after injection. No behavioral changes were observed in animals gi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kurtz PJ,Weeks MH

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunohistochemical methods have been widely used to determine the histogenesis of spontaneous and chemically-induced mouse lung tumors. Typically, antigens for either alveolar Type II cells or bronchiolar epithelial Clara cells are studied. In the present work, the morphological and immunohistochemical phenotype of a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hicks SM,Vassallo JD,Dieter MZ,Lewis CL,Whiteley LO,Fix AS,Lehman-McKeeman LD

更新日期：2003-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxicity and other relevant data for 30 organophosphate pesticides were evaluated to suggest inhalation occupational exposure limits (OELs), and to support development of a risk assessment strategy for organophosphates in general. Specifically, the value of relative potency analysis and the predictability of inhalatio...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Storm JE,Rozman KK,Doull J

更新日期：2000-09-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Daunomycin-induced cardiotoxicity has been regarded to be the result of oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the extent of lipid peroxidation in rat heart after administration of this anticancer drug and, further, to examine possible activation of some endog...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Papageorgiou G,Iliadis S,Botsoglou N,Dioudis C,Goulas A,Fletouris D,Dimitriadou-Vafiadou A

更新日期：1998-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of selected aluminum-hydroxypyridinone (Al-HP complexes were determined in rats to better understand the relationship between their disposition and elimination parameters and the safety of HPs in the chelation therapy of Al intoxication. Five complexes were administered as i.v. bolus doses of Al-H...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Allen DD,Orvig C,Yokel RA

更新日期：1994-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Pulmonary function and inflammation in the lungs of rodents exposed by inhalation to carbon/graphite/epoxy advanced composite material (ACM) combustion products were compared to that of a rodent model of acute lung injury (ALI) produced by pneumotoxic paraquat dichloride. This investigation was undertaken to determine...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Whitehead GS,Grasman KA,Kimmel EC

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible role of ionotropics glutamate receptors on the HgCl(2)-induced dopamine (DA) release from rat striatum was investigated by using in vivo brain microdialysis technique after administration of selective NMDA and AMPA/Kainate receptors antagonists dizocilpine (MK-801), D (-)-2-amino-5-phoshonopentanoic acid ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vidal L,Durán R,Faro LF,Campos F,Cervantes RC,Alfonso M

更新日期：2007-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacological evidence has accumulated showing that glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) facilitate several responses to different drugs of abuse. Recent findings have attributed a prominent role to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in modulating behavior during the addictive process. The purpose of th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Navarro-Zaragoza J,Laorden ML,Milanés MV

更新日期：2014-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous reports from this laboratory have established the propensity of chlordecone to potentiate the hepatotoxicity and lethality in male and female rats. The present study was designed to investigate the hepatotoxicity of CCl4 in chlordecone (CD) pretreated, ovariectomized rats. Ten days after bilateral ovariectomy...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Agarwal AK,Mehendale HM

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cytochrome P-450 enzymes are responsible for the oxidation of xenobiotic chemicals including drugs, pesticides, and carcinogens. These enzymes include cytochrome P450, cytochrome b(5), arylhydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH), NADPH-cytochrome C reductase and dimethylnitrosamine N-demethylase I (DMN-dI)....

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sheweita SA,El-Gabar MA,Bastawy M

更新日期：2001-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:D-Serine causes selective necrosis to the straight portion of the rat renal proximal tubules. The onset is rapid, occurring within 3-4 h and accompanied by proteinuria, glucosuria and aminoaciduria. The metabolism of D-serine by D-amino acid oxidase (D-AAO) may be involved in the mechanism of toxicity. D-AAO is locali...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Williams RE,Lock EA

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Beside heavy metals, cadmium (Cd(2+)) is a ubiquitous toxic metal with a well established apoptotic and genotoxic effect, chronic exposure of which has been involved in a variety of pathological conditions. In the present study, we investigated by 1455 genes cDNA microarrays the toxic and apoptotic effect of Cd(2+), o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tsangaris GT,Botsonis A,Politis I,Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F

更新日期：2002-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) results from exposure to the light-weight metal beryllium (Be). In vitro stimulation of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from CBD subjects causes the production of high levels of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-6. We tested the hypothesis that Be-stimulation might induce the production of TNF-a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sawyer RT,Kittle LA,Hamada H,Newman LS,Campbell PA

更新日期：2000-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of ascorbyl palmitate (ASCP) and free L-ascorbic acid (LAA) on the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and the in vivo covalent binding of reactive paracetamol metabolites to hepatic proteins has been studied in male MF1 mice. The oral administration of [3H(G)]paracetamol (600 mg/kg) resulted in ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jonker D,Lee VS,Hargreaves RJ,Lake BG

更新日期：1988-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria are cellular powerhouses as well as metabolic and signaling hubs regulating diverse cellular functions, from basic physiology to phenotypic fate determination. It is widely accepted that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in mitochondria participate in the regulation of cellular signaling, and that s...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Blajszczak C,Bonini MG

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) on the nucleotide level in isolated cardiomyocytes from adult rats was examined. Incubation of myocytes with the hydroperoxide resulted in loss of both ATP and NAD from mitochondria and cytosol. In contrast, only the cytosolic level of NADP was increased. The effect on myoc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Andersson BS,Vidal RF,Sundberg M,Rajs J,Sótonyi P

更新日期：1996-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The tissue uptake of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during infection was studied in a mouse model using the common human virus Coxsackievirus B3 (CB3), adapted here to the mouse. Male A/J-mice were infected with the CB3 virus and subsequently, on days 4 and 7 of the infection, injected with 0.5 microCi [14...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Funseth E,Ilbäck NG

更新日期：1994-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The potential of single, toxic doses of fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl O-(4-nitro-m-tolyl)phosphorothioate) to elicit delayed neurotoxicity in the adult White Leghorn hen was compared to the effects produced following similar treatment with the known neurotoxin, tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP). Hens (2.0-2.5 kg body wt) rece...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Durham HD,Ecobichon DJ

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nine structurally different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were tested for their ability to either agonize or antagonize the human androgen receptor (hAR) in a sensitive reporter gene assay based on CHO cells transiently cotransfected with a hAR vector and an MMTV-LUC vector. Benz[a]anthracene (B[a]A), benzo[...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Vinggaard AM,Hnida C,Larsen JC

更新日期：2000-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The nature of cancer initiation by fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was investigated in rat liver by monitoring the effect of phenobarbital (PB) as cancer promoter and evaluating the involvement of spontaneously initiated cells. A PB promoting regimen (0.05% in the diet) stimulated the outgrowth of FB(1)-induced placental gluta...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gelderblom WC,Marasas WF,Lebepe-Mazur S,Swanevelder S,Abel S

更新日期：2008-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were screened for their ability to be directly cytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill, RTgill-W1. Exposure times of 2 h or less were sufficient for direct cytotoxicity to be detected, which appeared to be caused by a common mechanism, the general perturbati...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Schirmer K,Dixon DG,Greenberg BM,Bols NC

更新日期：1998-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The histogenesis of coumarin-induced cholangiofibrosis in the rat has been determined. Proliferation of ductal structures was preceded by extensive damage to hepatocytes in the centrilobular region. Focal proliferation of ducts and fibrous tissue was present at 3 months and typical areas of cholangiofibrosis at 6 mont...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Evans JG,Appleby EC,Lake BG,Conning DM

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isolated perfused rat kidneys were used to determine the contribution of filtration and tubular transport of cisplatin to its nephrotoxicity. Perfusion of kidneys with 0.5 mM cisplatin concomitantly reduced tubular reabsorption of electrolytes and glomerular filtration rate in a time-dependent manner. These renal func...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Miura K,Goldstein RS,Pasino DA,Hook JB

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of studies reported that the MTS in vitro cytotoxicity assay is a convenient method for assessing cell viability. The main features found with this assay are its ease of use, accuracy and rapid indication of toxicity. It might well be a useful tool in human health risk assessment if it can be shown that this ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Malich G,Markovic B,Winder C

更新日期：1997-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) inhibition by phenyl selenoacetylene in vitro was investigated in this study. Phenyl selenoacetylene (40-400 microM) inhibition of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase from rat liver (low speed supernatant fraction, S1 fraction) was partially prevented by i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Folmer V,Bolzan RC,Farina M,Zeni G,Nogueira CW,Emanuelli T,Rocha JB

更新日期：2005-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:CI-959 is an orally effective inhibitor of cellular activation in both in vitro and animal models. To assess the effects of CI-959 on immune function, male Fischer 344 rats were evaluated for splenic T- and B-lymphocyte populations, antibody-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells (sRBC), concanavalin A and pok...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bleavins MR,de la Iglesia FA,McCay JA,White KL Jr,Munson AE

更新日期：1995-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Lead is known to impede the male reproductive function, however, the mechanisms through which the adverse effects are mediated are not clearly elucidated. In order to get insight into those mechanisms, we have examined the effects of lead on the biosynthesis of steroid hormones by Leydig cells in the rat. To determine...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Thoreux-Manlay A,Le Goascogne C,Segretain D,Jégou B,Pinon-Lataillade G

更新日期：1995-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth that has either a stimulatory or inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, depending on TGF beta concentration and on cell type, history and culture conditions. Cadmium mimics some of the effects of TGF beta in cultured cells. In t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tang N,Enger MD

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is highly toxic in experimental animals, and is known to induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression. We investigated the effect of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 variant genotypes and haplotypes on CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in lym...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Landi MT,Bergen AW,Baccarelli A,Patterson DG Jr,Grassman J,Ter-Minassian M,Mocarelli P,Caporaso N,Masten SA,Pesatori AC,Pittman GS,Bell DA

更新日期：2005-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Novel dexrazoxane derivative JR-311 was prepared to investigate structure-activity relationships and mechanism(s) of protection against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Its cardioprotective, antiproliferative, iron (Fe) chelation and inhibitory and/or depletory activities on topoisomerase IIbeta (TOP2B) were examined and...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bures J,Jirkovska A,Sestak V,Jansova H,Karabanovich G,Roh J,Sterba M,Simunek T,Kovarikova P

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00