Mechanism of DNA damage induced by bromate differs from general types of oxidative stress.

abstract：:Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a commonly used diethylphosphorothionate organophosphorus (OP) insecticide. Diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) are products of both in vivo metabolism and environmental degradation of CPF and are routinely measured in urine as biomarkers of ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Busby-Hjerpe AL,Campbell JA,Smith JN,Lee S,Poet TS,Barr DB,Timchalk C

更新日期：2010-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:For the first time, kinetic parameters of the effect of tacrine, an anti-cholinesterase inhibitor of therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease has been studied on human retinal acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE). Tacrine inhibited the AChE activity in a concentration dependent manner, the IC(50) being about 45 nM. The Mi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Alhomida AS,Al-Rajhi AA,Kamal MA,Al-Jafari AA

更新日期：2000-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Drug-induced hepatotoxicity is a major problem in drug development, and oxidative stress is known as one of the causes. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are important antioxidant enzymes against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria are the major source of superoxide production, and SOD2 is mainly localized in mitoc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yoshikawa Y,Morita M,Hosomi H,Tsuneyama K,Fukami T,Nakajima M,Yokoi T

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by certain strains of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most toxic among the 70 variants isolated so far. These toxins have been implicated in both human and livestock mortality. In the present study we investigated the microcystin-LR induced ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jayaraj R,Anand T,Rao PV

更新日期：2006-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the need for non-animal alternatives has been well recognised for the human health hazard assessment of chemicals in general, it has become especially pressing for cosmetic ingredients due to the full implementation of testing and marketing bans on animal testing under the European Cosmetics Regulation. This ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rogiers V,Benfenati E,Bernauer U,Bodin L,Carmichael P,Chaudhry Q,Coenraads PJ,Cronin MTD,Dent M,Dusinska M,Ellison C,Ezendam J,Gaffet E,Galli CL,Goebel C,Granum B,Hollnagel HM,Kern PS,Kosemund-Meynen K,Ouédraogo G,

更新日期：2020-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) on the brain of mice were examined by light-microscopy under the intended conditions of use of this material. Basal diet containing 5, 10 or 15% w/w MSG was fed to pregnant, lactating and weanling mice ad libitum, resulting in the ingestion of 14.0, 42.8 or 42.0 g/kg body wt...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Takasaki Y

更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectrum of the anti-apoptotic potential of heparin is currently under scrutiny in various tissues and under various pathological situations. In this study, the role of a low-molecular-weight heparin derivative (LMWH), certoparin in adriamycin-induced oxidative DNA damage has been evaluated in the cardiac and rena...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Deepa PR,Varalakshmi P

更新日期：2006-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:In inhalation chambers, male Wistar rats of the strain TNO-W74 were continuously exposed to submicron aerosols of sodium dichromate and to a pyrolyzed Cr(VI)/Cr(III) (3:2) oxide mixture. The sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) aerosol had the chromium concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 micrograms/m3, the chromium oxide mixture...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Glaser U,Hochrainer D,Klöppel H,Oldiges H

更新日期：1986-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Male and female B6C3F1 mice were administered dichloroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) in their drinking water at concentrations of 1 or 2 g/l for up to 52 weeks. Both compounds induced hepatoproliferative lesions (HPL) in male mice, including hepatocellular nodules, adenomas and hepatocellular carcinomas with...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bull RJ,Sanchez IM,Nelson MA,Larson JL,Lansing AJ

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although several specific micronutrient deficiencies are associated with disease progression and increased mortality risk in HIV/AIDS, and even a simple multivitamin/mineral supplement can prolong survival, this is typically viewed merely as nutritional support of the immune system, and only necessary if there are def...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Taylor EW

更新日期：2010-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Extract and fractions of city smog collected from a heavy industrialized area caused in vitro dose-dependent reduction of cell survival of mouse macrophages and a growth inhibition of human fetal diploid lung fibroblasts. Great differences were observed in both cell systems between the total extract and its different ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Seemayer NH,Manojlovic N

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many studies have demonstrated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adversely affect mature mammalian immune systems. However, little is known about the cellular mechanism(s) mediating this immunosuppression or the potential for these ubiquitous environmental chemicals to similarly compromise lymphocyte development (...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hinoshita F,Hardin JA,Sherr DH

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CI-959 is an orally effective inhibitor of cellular activation in both in vitro and animal models. To assess the effects of CI-959 on immune function, male Fischer 344 rats were evaluated for splenic T- and B-lymphocyte populations, antibody-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells (sRBC), concanavalin A and pok...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bleavins MR,de la Iglesia FA,McCay JA,White KL Jr,Munson AE

更新日期：1995-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The 4 S polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-binding protein had been implicated in regulating the expression of rat cytochrome P450IA1 which is most closely associated with aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH). We have now investigated the presence of both the 4 S PAH-binding protein and the 8 S Ah receptor in rat hep...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Raha A,Reddy V,Xu LC,Houser WH,Bresnick E

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whole body autoradiograms of mice injected with 2,2',3,3',6-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (I), 2,3,3',4',6-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (II), 2,2',3,5',6-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (III) and 2,3',4,5,5'-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (IV) showed a specific accumulation of I-III in the lung parenchyma, whereas IV did not accumulate in ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Brandt I,Mohammed A,Slanina P

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of daily subcutaneously applied 500 mg/kg N-methylformamide (NMF) during a period of 8 days in female CD-mice was ameliorated when 100 mg/kg sodium ascorbate, 60 mg/kg menadione bisulfite or 80 mg/kg pyridoxal hydrochloride were applied simultaneously. The comparison of the daily s.c. application of 360 m...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Osswald H,Herrmann R,Youssef M

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Simple and efficient ex vivo/in vitro screening systems for contact allergens are developed for alternative to conventional animal tests. We have previously proposed an ex vivo/in vitro proliferation assay as a first stage screening method with advantages over existing alternatives, using lymph node cells (LNC) from s...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kashima R,Oyake Y,Okada J,Ikeda Y

更新日期：1996-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity reflects damage to hepatocytes and is considered to be a highly sensitive and fairly specific preclinical and clinical biomarker of hepatotoxicity. However, an increase in serum ALT activity level has also been associated with other organ toxicities, thus, ind...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ozer J,Ratner M,Shaw M,Bailey W,Schomaker S

更新日期：2008-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Technical grade nitrofen was fed to 4 groups (25/group) of male Sprague-Dawley rats for 13 weeks at dietary concentrations of 0, 100, 500, or 2500 ppm. Untreated female rats of the same age and strain were mated with treated males and fertility, gestation, and lactation indices were monitored. After mating, males were...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： O'Hara GP,Chan PK,Harris JC,Burke SS,Smith JM,Hayes AW

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on the pulmonary retention of benzo[a]pyrene after inhalation have shown that clearance is biphasic, with one component clearing with a half-time greater than 1 day and another with a half-time less than 1 day. In the work reported here we demonstrated that the amount of benzo[a]pyrene instilled in the lungs c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Medinsky MA,Kampcik SJ

更新日期：1985-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds (e.g. chromates) are strong oxidants that readily enter cells where they are reduced to reactive Cr intermediates that can directly oxidize some cell components and can promote the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Inhalation is a major route of exposure which d...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Myers JM,Antholine WE,Myers CR

更新日期：2011-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Ozone has become a major air pollutant in recent years, which leading to a variety of lung diseases. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of pyroptosis and related signaling pathways in ozone-induced lung injury. METHODS:We exposed 120 Wistar rats to ozone, 20 in each group (half male and half female)....

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tian L,Yan J,Li K,Zhang W,Lin B,Lai W,Bian L,Liu H,Xi Z,Liu X

更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with molecular weight 278 are a group of PAHs that are mostly not covered by the current monitoring programs, despite their relative abundance in environmental samples and possible carcinogenicity. Although benzo[g]chrysene (BgChry) and dibenz[a,h]anthracene (DBahA) have been fo...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Svihálková-Sindlerová L,Machala M,Pencíková K,Marvanová S,Neca J,Topinka J,Sevastyanova O,Kozubík A,Vondrácek J

更新日期：2007-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroacetic acid, TCA, is a water chlorination by-product similar to dichloroacetic acid, DCA. Because DCA has been shown to have effects on intermediary metabolism, TCA was tested to determine if it possesses similar capabilities. The effects were more pronounced in females. High doses of TCA (2.45 mumol/kg three...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Davis ME

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent epidemiological studies have reported associations between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and various types of human cancer; in addition, exposure to chlorine (Cl-) in drinking water has been reported to suppress certain immune functions in laboratory animals. The current studies were conducted t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： French AS,Copeland CB,Andrews DL,Wiliams WC,Riddle MM,Luebke RW

更新日期：1998-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Administration of the antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone to humans or animals may result in lung damage. Amiodarone is metabolized to desethylamiodarone and other minor metabolites. Because amiodarone and the metabolites accumulate in the lungs, it is not possible to ascertain the role of each of these compounds in the in...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ogle CL,Reasor MJ

更新日期：1990-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The possible juvenilizing effects of Dimilin and Altosid against larvae of Culex pipiens L. were studied. Apart from delayed lethal action, possible effect on the mean number of basal follicles developed per female has been considered. A baseline exposure was found which caused only low mortalities of the early 4th la...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gaaboub IA,Rawash IA,El-Gayar FH,Traboulsi AF

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We performed a reporter gene assay for ERalpha-mediated transcriptional activation and an immature rat uterotrophic assay of 23 chemicals, to study the relationship between these two assays and to examine the usefulness of the reporter gene assay. The chemicals analyzed in the study were as follows: benzophenone, bisp...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamasaki K,Takeyoshi M,Yakabe Y,Sawaki M,Imatanaka N,Takatsuki M

更新日期：2002-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxic oil syndrome (TOS), a multisystemic disease, that occurred in Spain in 1981, was caused by the ingestion of rapeseed oil denatured with 2% aniline. Due to the clinical course of the disease, immunopathological mechanisms have been suspected but a direct connection was never demonstrated. To analyse this poss...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gallardo S,del Pozo V,Cárdaba B,de Andrés B,Martín-Orozco E,Fernandez JC,Tramón P,Posada M,Abaitua I,Palomino P

更新日期：1994-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:An impaired gut-liver axis is a potential factor that contributes to alcoholic liver disease. Specifically, ethanol decreases intestinal integrity and causes gut dysbiosis. Butyrate, a fermentation byproduct of gut microbiota, is negatively altered following acute ethanol exposure. This study aimed to determine whethe...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chen J,Xuan YH,Luo MX,Ni XG,Ling LQ,Hu SJ,Chen JQ,Xu JY,Jiang LY,Si WZ,Xu L,Gao H,Liu Z,Li H

更新日期：2020-01-15 00:00:00