Kaempferol alleviates acute alcoholic liver injury in mice by regulating intestinal tight junction proteins and butyrate receptors and transporters.

abstract：:It has been suggested that one possible contributor to the increasing prevalence of atopic (IgE-mediated) allergic diseases and asthma in Europe and the US is exposure to chemicals that may act as adjuvants. Certain commonly used phthalate plasticisers, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, have been implicated in this...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kimber I,Dearman RJ

更新日期：2010-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:This study aimed to prove that prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) can induce nephrotic syndrome in male rat offspring and to explore the underlying intrauterine programming mechanisms. Pregnant Wistar rats were intragastrically administered ethanol (4 g/kg d) from gestational day (GD) 9 to GD 20, and the male fetuses wer...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zhu Y,Zuo N,Li B,Xiong Y,Chen H,He H,Sun Z,Hu S,Cheng H,Ao Y,Wang H

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural phytochemicals derived from dietary sources or medicinal plants have gained significant recognition in the potential management of several human clinical conditions. Much research has also been geared towards the evaluation of plant extracts as effective prophylactic agents since they can act on specific and/o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Neergheen VS,Bahorun T,Taylor EW,Jen LS,Aruoma OI

更新日期：2010-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a common drinking water disinfection byproduct that produces a spectrum of liver effects, including hepatomegaly and liver tumors, in mice. It is also an oxidative metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE), a solvent used in degreasing with widespread environmental exposure, which also produc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chiu WA

更新日期：2011-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE), an industrial solvent, proved to be moderately toxic when studied in small laboratory animals. In adult female rats brief (8 h) and prolonged (8 h daily, on 5 consecutive days a week, for more than 16 weeks) inhalation of 200 ppm--the current TLV/MAC in various countries--produced h...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Freundt KJ,Liebaldt GP,Lieberwirth E

更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent Canadian research efforts have been directed towards the development of a reactive skin decontaminant (RSD) lotion active against classical nerve agents and mustard. The formulation presently under study consists of a 1.25 molal solution of potassium 2,3-butanedione monoximate (KBDO) in polyethylene glycol meth...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sawyer TW,Parker D,Thomas N,Weiss MT,Bide RW

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past decade, several assessments have estimated the carcinogenic risk of inhaled 1,3-butadiene (BD) to the general population as well as for occupational exposures. Although most of the risk assessments have been based on inhalation bioassays in mice, some of the assessments have included the 2-year inhalat...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cagen SZ,MacDonald RL,Van Gelder G

更新日期：1996-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) has been used as a method for the prediction of skin sensitizing potential for over 30 years. Besides hazard identification, risk assessment of sensitizing chemicals requires the assessment of potency. For the determination of potency based on lowest effective dose levels, dose-...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： van Och FM,Vandebriel RJ,Prinsen MK,De Jong WH,Slob W,van Loveren H

更新日期：2001-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:N-(3,5-Dichlorophenyl)succinimide (NDPS) is an agricultural fungicide which has been shown to induce acute tubular necrosis. The purpose of the present study was to determine if creatinine clearance was altered early in the development of NDPS nephrotoxicity. This study also examined the effect of autacoid modulation ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rankin GO,Valentovic MA,Teets VJ,Nicoll DW,Anestis DK,Brown PI

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of accurate and sensitive methods for the measurement of cytokines in body fluids is an absolute prerequisite for the proper use of these mediators in clinical practice. Many factors contribute to the complexity of cytokines quantitation: these molecules circulate at very low levels (e.g. pg/ml) under various ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bienvenu JA,Monneret G,Gutowski MC,Fabien N

更新日期：1998-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Clarification of the key regulatory steps that lead to nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) under cellular and pathological conditions is very important. The action of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) on the upstream of NF-kappaB activation remains controversial. To examine this issue using an in vivo lung in...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kim HJ,Lee HS,Chong YH,Kang JL

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To evaluate hydroperoxide generation as a potential mechanism of cyanide neurotoxicity, mice were treated with KCN (7 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)) and the level of lipid peroxidation (expressed as conjugated dienes) was measured later in various organs. Brain showed elevated conjugated diene levels after cyanide but ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ardelt BK,Borowitz JL,Maduh EU,Swain SL,Isom GE

更新日期：1994-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of studies reported that the MTS in vitro cytotoxicity assay is a convenient method for assessing cell viability. The main features found with this assay are its ease of use, accuracy and rapid indication of toxicity. It might well be a useful tool in human health risk assessment if it can be shown that this ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Malich G,Markovic B,Winder C

更新日期：1997-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity reflects damage to hepatocytes and is considered to be a highly sensitive and fairly specific preclinical and clinical biomarker of hepatotoxicity. However, an increase in serum ALT activity level has also been associated with other organ toxicities, thus, ind...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ozer J,Ratner M,Shaw M,Bailey W,Schomaker S

更新日期：2008-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical carcinogens are generally classified as genotoxic or non-genotoxic. However, weak genotoxicity at high concentrations is sometimes observed and interpretation is often problematic. In addition, certain rodent carcinogens exert their effects at doses associated with cytotoxicity and compensatory hyperplasia ma...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Beddowes EJ,Faux SP,Chipman JK

更新日期：2003-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the effect of astaxanthin (ASX; 3,3-dihydroxybeta, beta-carotene-4,4-dione), a water-dispersible synthetic carotenoid, on liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Astaxanthin (5 mg/kg/day) or olive oil was administered to rats via intragastric intubation for 14 consecutive days before the induct...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Curek GD,Cort A,Yucel G,Demir N,Ozturk S,Elpek GO,Savas B,Aslan M

更新日期：2010-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metals, such as iron and manganese, are involved in neurologic disease. Most often these diseases are associated with abnormal environmental exposures or abnormal accumulations of heavy metals in the body. There is increasing recognition that heavy metals normally present in the body also may play a role in dise...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Montgomery EB Jr

更新日期：1995-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we examined the relationship between maternal weight gain deficits induced by protein-and-energy restriction (PER) and pregnancy outcome. We also evaluated whether PER would potentiate the developmental toxicity of cyclophosphamide (CP) and hydroxyurea (HU). Two independent experiments--employing two di...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chahoud I,Kuriyama SN,Paumgartten FJ

更新日期：2002-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Amiodarone is a class III anti-arrhythmic compound that is iodinated, cationic and amphiphilic in nature. The clinical use of amiodarone may be associated with various side-effects, including pulmonary and hepatic toxicity. Use of this compound during pregnancy may therefore place the fetus at risk through in utero ex...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hill DA,Reasor MJ

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was designed to examine more fully the neurochemical and behavioral interactions that derive from continued lead and cadmium poisoning in pups, whose mothers were exposed via drinking water (300 mg/l of Pb and 10 mg/l of Cd) throughout pregnancy and lactation. At weaning, these metals produced an inc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Antonio MT,López N,Leret ML

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies on the immunotoxicity of a complex mixture of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) by-products from a manufactured gas plant indicated possible synergistic interactions which were investigated by determining the immunosuppressive effects of a reconstituted PAH mixture in female B6C3F1 mice challenge...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Harper N,Steinberg M,Safe S

更新日期：1996-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of rats to 0.1 and 0.5 mg Cd/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) thrice weekly for 5 weeks resulted in an accumulation of cadmium in the liver in concentrations of 40 and 95 micrograms/g tissue, respectively, and a microsomal burden of Cd amounting to approx. 2-3% of the retained cadmium. The cytoplasm contained about 8...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Klimczak J,Wiśniewska-Knypl JM,Kolakowski J

更新日期：1984-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal with a long biological half-life in humans and is recognized as a toxic pollutant. Cd is also a potential neurotoxicant and its exposure is associated with olfactory impairment in humans. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of Cd neurotoxicity are not well defined. Adult neurog...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang H,Engstrom AK,Xia Z

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A major goal in modern pharmacotechnology is to increase the therapeutic index of drugs by using nanoparticulate vehicle systems in order to ensure slow release or targeted delivery of drugs. With all great benefits, however, these innovative therapies can carry a risk for acute immune toxicity manifested in hypersens...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Szebeni J

更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:It is reported that gambogic acid (GA), the main active compound of gamboge which is a dry resin extracted from Garcinia hanburyi tree, has potent antitumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cancer cells is one effective therapy for cancer treatment. In the present st...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nie F,Zhang X,Qi Q,Yang L,Yang Y,Liu W,Lu N,Wu Z,You Q,Guo Q

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The rodent Hershberger assay has been used predominantly by the pharmaceutical industry to evaluate androgenic and antiandrogenic chemicals for potential therapeutic use. However, this assay has not yet been formally validated and standardized for use in toxicology testing. There are many variations in the protocol us...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamada T,Sunami O,Kunimatsu T,Kamita Y,Okuno Y,Seki T,Nakatsuka I,Matsuo M

更新日期：2001-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:National and international law is an essential component of the array of measures serving to protect against the hostile release of biological or chemical agents, and to help to mitigate the consequences should such a release nevertheless take place. These includes the Geneva Protocol of 1925, the Chemical Weapons Con...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kenyon IR,Gutschmidt K,Cosivi O

更新日期：2005-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of selected aluminum-hydroxypyridinone (Al-HP complexes were determined in rats to better understand the relationship between their disposition and elimination parameters and the safety of HPs in the chelation therapy of Al intoxication. Five complexes were administered as i.v. bolus doses of Al-H...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Allen DD,Orvig C,Yokel RA

更新日期：1994-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Carbamates physostigmine and pyridostigmine have been used as a pretreatment against poisoning with nerve agents in order to reversibly inhibit and thus protect from irreversible inhibition a portion of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in brain and respiratory muscles that is crucial for survival. Memantine, an a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Stojiljković MP,Škrbić R,Jokanović M,Bokonjić D,Kilibarda V,Vulović M

更新日期：2019-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Subchronic exposure to arsenic is associated with alteration of glucose homeostasis. Arsenic treatment (as sodium arsenite) of male Wistar rats (weighing 130-150 g) at a dose of 5.55 mg kg(-1) body weight (equivalent to 35% of LD(50)) (i.p.) per day for a period of 30 days produced hypoglycemia, with associated increa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pal S,Chatterjee AK

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00