Cytotoxic effects of air pollutants on mammalian cells in vitro.

abstract：:A number of studies reported that the MTS in vitro cytotoxicity assay is a convenient method for assessing cell viability. The main features found with this assay are its ease of use, accuracy and rapid indication of toxicity. It might well be a useful tool in human health risk assessment if it can be shown that this ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Malich G,Markovic B,Winder C

更新日期：1997-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Five male and female rats per dose-group received 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TBDD) once on the first day of the study. Doses of 10, 33, 100, or 300 micrograms 2,3,7,8-TBDD/kg body wt. and the vehicle control were administered by gavage. About 20% of 2,3,7,8-TBDD was excreted via feces. Severe body wei...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ivens IA,Löser E,Rinke M,Schmidt U,Neupert M

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND/AIMS:Liver fibrosis has been reported to be inhibited in vivo by oleanolic and ursolic acids. However, the mechanisms of the action of those triterpenoids are poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the antifibrotic potential of other triterpenes, betulin and betulinic acid, and to characteri...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Szuster-Ciesielska A,Plewka K,Daniluk J,Kandefer-Szerszeń M

更新日期：2011-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of accurate and sensitive methods for the measurement of cytokines in body fluids is an absolute prerequisite for the proper use of these mediators in clinical practice. Many factors contribute to the complexity of cytokines quantitation: these molecules circulate at very low levels (e.g. pg/ml) under various ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bienvenu JA,Monneret G,Gutowski MC,Fabien N

更新日期：1998-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Intratracheal injection of zinc oxide dust, a component of many cosmetic preparations caused elevation of alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum and lung of guinea pigs. Clearance of zinc oxide dust from lungs through zinc-carrying proteins was evident. ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gupta S,Pandey SD,Misra V,Viswanathan PN

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Young adult male and female Wistar rats were inhalationally exposed head-only for 1 or 4 h to different anticholinesterase aerosols. The compounds tested were dichlorvos, fenamiphos, methamidophos, parathion, a pyrimidine thiophosphate and the carbamate propoxur. These compounds are direct or indirect inhibitors of ch...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pauluhn J,Machemer L,Kimmerle G

更新日期：1987-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:We provide an overview of the functional interrelationship between genes and proteins related to DNA repair by homologous recombination and cell cycle regulation in relation to the progression and therapy resistance of human tumours. To ensure the high-fidelity transmission of genetic information from one generation t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Henning W,Stürzbecher HW

更新日期：2003-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on the pulmonary retention of benzo[a]pyrene after inhalation have shown that clearance is biphasic, with one component clearing with a half-time greater than 1 day and another with a half-time less than 1 day. In the work reported here we demonstrated that the amount of benzo[a]pyrene instilled in the lungs c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Medinsky MA,Kampcik SJ

更新日期：1985-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Formaldehyde (FA) is an important substance that induces sick house syndrome and diseases, such as asthma and allergies. Oxidative stress is involved in the development of respiratory disease, and diverse antioxidants may protect respiratory tract cells from apoptosis. Peroxiredoxin is a pivotal endogenous antioxidant...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lim SK,Kim JC,Moon CJ,Kim GY,Han HJ,Park SH

更新日期：2010-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:It is now well-recognized that human environmental exposures are not to single chemicals. Rather, humans are exposed, either concurrently or sequentially, to multiple chemicals. Challenges that chemical mixtures pose for risk assessment and toxicology are presented. Challenge areas include increasing the peer-reviewed...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Simmons JE

更新日期：1995-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA) is a suspected endocrine disruptor highly prevalent in our environment since it is used as monomer of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Recent epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that BPA exposure may influence the development of obesity and related pathologies such as type 2 dia...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Marmugi A,Lasserre F,Beuzelin D,Ducheix S,Huc L,Polizzi A,Chetivaux M,Pineau T,Martin P,Guillou H,Mselli-Lakhal L

更新日期：2014-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Among exocyclic DNA adducts, etheno (epsilon) bases (epsilond A, epsilond C, N(2),3-epsilond G) are generated by reactions of DNA bases with lipid peroxidation (LPO) products derived from endogenous sources and from the carcinogens vinyl chloride or urethane. The recent development of ultrasensitive methods has made i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bartsch H,Nair J

更新日期：2000-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to test the hypothesis that Leydig cells are required for the acute toxic effect of cadmium on the testis, adult male rats were treated with the Leydig cell toxin ethane dimethanesulphonate (EDS). Four days later, when all Leydig cells are removed from the testis, the EDS treated and control rats were given a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bergh AR

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Teratogenicity of daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 1.5 or 2.0 mg/kg of patulin on days 6 through 17 of pregnancy and mutagenic effects of acute i.p. exposure of 3.0 mg/kg of patulin on male germ cells were evaluated. Resorption of all implanted embryos occurred at 2.0 mg/kg/day of patulin, while a significan...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Reddy CS,Chan PK,Hayes AW

更新日期：1978-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of oxidative stress by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) both as a pure compound and in commercial formulation was investigated during early pregnancy in mice. Pregnant animals were exposed to increasing doses of the herbicide (0.01, 0.1 and 100mg/kg/d) during gestation days 0-9, after which animals wer...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Dinamarca VM,Hidalgo ME,Cavieres MF

更新日期：2007-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Repeated intraperitoneal administration of benzene (1.0 ml/kg body wt) for 3 days produced leucopenia, lymphocytopenia and an increased number of nucleated cells in the bone marrow and significantly decreased organ weights of thymus (P less than 0.001) and spleen (P less than 0.001) in female albino rats. Iron content...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pandya KP,Shanker R,Gupta A,Khan WA,Ray PK

更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemicals can increase carcinogenic risk by either directly damaging DNA or increasing cell replication or they can do both. These effects have different implications for a biologically-based extrapolation from rodent bioassays to humans. 2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) administered at low doses to mice for a lifetime h...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cohen SM

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-Heterocyclic aromatics are by-products of incomplete combustion of organic material. The overall objective of this study was to determine the relative carcinogenic potencies of 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC) and dibenz[a,j]acridine (DBA) in a bioassay of complete carcinogenicity on mouse skin in a sensitive strain (...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Warshawsky D,Barkley W,Miller ML,LaDow K,Andringa A

更新日期：1994-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Haptens are classified as low molecular chemicals with an intrinsic potential to covalently modify proteins, and many of them are strong inducers of contact hypersensitivity (CHS). CHS is T cell mediated, and hapten-specific T cells have been shown to interact with hapten-modified, MHC-associated peptides. However, th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Thierse HJ,Gamerdinger K,Junkes C,Guerreiro N,Weltzien HU

更新日期：2005-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chalcones are phenolic compounds that can be isolated from plants. Previous studies have described some pharmacological applications for these compounds. Making use of our established reporter gene system, we determined the effect of five hydroxychalcones--2-hydroxychalcone, 2'-hydroxychalcone, 4-hydroxychalcone, 4,2'...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang H,Wang Y,Chen ZY,Chan FL,Leung LK

更新日期：2005-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium, an environmental neurotoxic compound, produces cognitive disorders, although the mechanism remains unknown. Previously, we described that cadmium induces a more pronounced cell death on cholinergic neurons from basal forebrain (BF). This effect, partially mediated by M1 receptor blockade, triggering it throug...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Moyano P,de Frias M,Lobo M,Anadon MJ,Sola E,Pelayo A,Díaz MJ,Frejo MT,Del Pino J

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of fungal lanosterol-14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) is the working principle of the antifungal activity of azoles used in agriculture and medicine. Inhibition of human CYP51 may result in endocrine disruption since follicular fluid-meiosis activating steroid (FF-MAS), the direct product of lanosterol demethyl...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Trösken ER,Adamska M,Arand M,Zarn JA,Patten C,Völkel W,Lutz WK

更新日期：2006-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:This study compares changes in cardiopulmonary function, selected endpoints in exhaled breath, blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) following a single, high-level 30-min nose-only exposure of rats to chlorine and phosgene gas. The time-course of lung injury was systematically examined up to 1-day post-exposur...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Luo S,Trübel H,Wang C,Pauluhn J

更新日期：2014-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:(1) Following the administration of the highly toxic agent 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to pregnant mice, exceedingly low concentrations of this substance were found in the embryo and fetus between gestational days 11 and 18 (between 0.04 and 0.14% of the maternal dose/g tissue). (2) Tissue levels of tCD...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nau H,Bass R

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin, was given during gestation to pregnant rats by gavage in corn oil. Peripheral blood and spleen cytotoxic activity of dams and their offspring were then evaluated at different times (30, 60, 90, 120 days) after birth. Pups showed a significant increase in peripheral b...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Santoni G,Cantalamessa F,Mazzucca L,Romagnoli S,Piccoli M

更新日期：1997-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The measurement of levels of organic pollutants and/or their metabolites in body tissues or fluids are specific markers of internal dose and, provided that the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds in question are known, these levels may also be used as predictors of effects. Although historical data still remai...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Larsen JC

更新日期：1995-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutagenicity analysis of urine from rats treated by oral gavage with MX at a dose of 64 mg/kg for 14 days revealed that only 0.3% of the administered compound was excreted in a genotoxically active form. At lower doses, mutagenicity was not detectable. No evidence of micronucleus induction in peripheral blood erythroc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Meier JR,Monarca S,Patterson KS,Villarini M,Daniel FB,Moretti M,Pasquini R

更新日期：1996-06-17 00:00:00

abstract：:LoVo adenocarcinoma cells are fairly sensitive to cytostatic drugs, e.g. doxorubicin, but can develop drug resistance by expression of a P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR1 phenotype. LoVo cells respond with apoptosis to nanomolar concentrations of okadaic acid and micromolar concentrations of cantharidic acid. Interestingly...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sieder S,Richter E,Becker K,Heins R,Steinfelder HJ

更新日期：1999-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were injected i.p. with the organophosphate insecticide ABATE and tested over the next 16 days. Animals given 1000 mg/kg showed impaired performance of a previously conditioned avoidance response 6 days after injection but not 2, 8, 10, or 16 days after injection. No behavioral changes were observed in animals gi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kurtz PJ,Weeks MH

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 24-h and 72-h incorporation of 59Fe into circulating erythrocytes in mice were strongly inhibited by a single subcutaneous dose of T-2 toxin given 1 h before the radioisotope. The system is extremely sensitive, since a significant effect was detected with T-2 toxin doses as low as 0.30 mg/kg, which is about one-te...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Faifer GC,Godoy HM

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00