Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of a local lymph node assay based on ex vivo interleukin-2 production.

abstract：:Cisplatin is used as a cytotoxic agent for the management of cervical cancer. However, the severity of the side-effects limits the use of this drug, particularly at high doses. Resistance to cisplatin is often attributed to a disruption in the normal apoptotic response via aberrant activation of pathways such as the m...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Leisching GR,Loos B,Botha MH,Engelbrecht AM

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Daunomycin-induced cardiotoxicity has been regarded to be the result of oxygen-mediated lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the extent of lipid peroxidation in rat heart after administration of this anticancer drug and, further, to examine possible activation of some endog...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Papageorgiou G,Iliadis S,Botsoglou N,Dioudis C,Goulas A,Fletouris D,Dimitriadou-Vafiadou A

更新日期：1998-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the need for non-animal alternatives has been well recognised for the human health hazard assessment of chemicals in general, it has become especially pressing for cosmetic ingredients due to the full implementation of testing and marketing bans on animal testing under the European Cosmetics Regulation. This ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rogiers V,Benfenati E,Bernauer U,Bodin L,Carmichael P,Chaudhry Q,Coenraads PJ,Cronin MTD,Dent M,Dusinska M,Ellison C,Ezendam J,Gaffet E,Galli CL,Goebel C,Granum B,Hollnagel HM,Kern PS,Kosemund-Meynen K,Ouédraogo G,

更新日期：2020-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of thimerosal, an organomercurial preservative in vaccines, on cerebellar neurons dissociated from 2-week-old rats was compared with those of methylmercury using a flow cytometer with appropriate fluorescent dyes. Thimerosal and methylmercury at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 10 microM increased the int...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ueha-Ishibashi T,Oyama Y,Nakao H,Umebayashi C,Nishizaki Y,Tatsuishi T,Iwase K,Murao K,Seo H

更新日期：2004-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the toxic effect of terephthalic acid (TPA) on testicular functions of rats, male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered TPA in diet at the levels 0 (control), 0.2, 1 and 5% for 90 days. Testicular functions were assessed by histopathology, testicular sperm head counts, daily sperm production, spe...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cui L,Dai G,Xu L,Wang S,Song L,Zhao R,Xiao H,Zhou J,Wang X

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrated-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) and diesel exhaust particle extracts (DEPE) induced apoptosis in Hepa1c1c7 cells with the following potency: 1,3-dinitropyrene (1,3-DNP)>1-nitropyrene (1-NP) > DEPE > 1,8-dinitropyrene (1,8-DNP). The compounds induced cyp1a1, and activated various intracellular si...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Landvik NE,Gorria M,Arlt VM,Asare N,Solhaug A,Lagadic-Gossmann D,Holme JA

更新日期：2007-03-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The 24-h and 72-h incorporation of 59Fe into circulating erythrocytes in mice were strongly inhibited by a single subcutaneous dose of T-2 toxin given 1 h before the radioisotope. The system is extremely sensitive, since a significant effect was detected with T-2 toxin doses as low as 0.30 mg/kg, which is about one-te...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Faifer GC,Godoy HM

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In living organisms both chemical agents and physical factors [16] may produce neurophysiological change that affects EEG activity. EEG signals are very suitable for non-invasive measurement of CNS reactions, but quite complicated equipment is necessary for measurement and analysis. We have implemented a system that p...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kubát J,Formánek J,Fuchs A,Rehák P,Zajícek P,Dvorák J,Vanícková M

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have reported that maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces socioemotional and cognitive disturbances in rat offspring. In the present study, the effects of maternal TCDD exposure on putative inhibitory interneurons were investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nguyen MN,Nishijo M,Nguyen AT,Bor A,Nakamura T,Hori E,Nakagawa H,Ono T,Nishijo H

更新日期：2013-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to establish a hypospadiac rat model by maternal exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and to evaluate the developmental abnormalities of hypospadiac male rats. Timed-pregnant rats were given DBP by gastric intubation at doses of 0, 250, 500, 750 or 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day from...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jiang J,Ma L,Yuan L,Wang X,Zhang W

更新日期：2007-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-nitrosamines (NNA) are mainly activated by cytochrome P450s, and their associated enzyme activities such as aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH), N-nitrosdimethylamine N-demethylase I (NDMA-dI), NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, and detoxified by glutathione S-t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sheweita SA,Newairy AA,Mansour HA,Yousef MI

更新日期：2002-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) on the brain of mice were examined by light-microscopy under the intended conditions of use of this material. Basal diet containing 5, 10 or 15% w/w MSG was fed to pregnant, lactating and weanling mice ad libitum, resulting in the ingestion of 14.0, 42.8 or 42.0 g/kg body wt...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Takasaki Y

更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In mice, styrene is hepatotoxic, pneumotoxic, and causes lung tumors. One explanation for the mechanism of toxicity is oxidative stress/damage. Previous studies have shown decreased glutathione levels, linked to increased apoptosis, in lung homogenates and isolated Clara cells 3 h following styrene or styrene oxide (S...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Harvilchuck JA,Pu X,Klaunig JE,Carlson GP

更新日期：2009-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Tributyltin (TBT), a toxic and widespread environmental contaminant, has been shown to inhibit natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic function significantly. Inhibition of NK cell cytotoxic function has the potential to increase viral infections and tumor growth. Upon NK cell binding to lysis-sensitive tumor cells, an int...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Aluoch AO,Odman-Ghazi SO,Whalen MM

更新日期：2006-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of amyl nitrite on the erythrocytes of adult and cord hemoglobin was examined in vitro. This study revealed that amyl nitrite caused oxyhemoglobin to become oxidized to methemoglobin wherein a rectangular hyperbolic curve was generated as the reaction progressed. This curve consisted of a reactionary log ph...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tarburton JP,Metcalf WK

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past decade, several assessments have estimated the carcinogenic risk of inhaled 1,3-butadiene (BD) to the general population as well as for occupational exposures. Although most of the risk assessments have been based on inhalation bioassays in mice, some of the assessments have included the 2-year inhalat...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cagen SZ,MacDonald RL,Van Gelder G

更新日期：1996-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Several dicationic amphiphilic compounds, such as the immunomodulator tilorone and analogues, impair the lysosomal catabolism of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Thereby they cause lysosomal GAG storage in rats and in cultured fibroblasts of several species including man. The GAG storage is rather slowly reversibl...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bispinck F,Fischer J,Lüllmann-Rauch R,von Witzendorff B

更新日期：1998-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an extremely rare and aggressive endocrine malignancy with a poor prognosis. The most common symptom of ACC is hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome), which has the highest mortality. Mitotane is used as a steroidogenesis inhibitor for Cushing's syndrome or as a chemical adrenalectomy ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lin CW,Chang YH,Pu HF

更新日期：2012-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Thimerosal (TH), an ethylmercury complex of thiosalicylic acid has been used as preservative in vaccines. In vitro neurotoxicity of TH at high nM concentrations has been reported. Although a number of toxicological experiments demonstrated high affinity of mercury to thiol groups of the extracellular amino acids and p...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zieminska E,Toczylowska B,Stafiej A,Lazarewicz JW

更新日期：2010-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used endocrine-disrupting chemical used as a component of polycarbonates plastics that has potential adverse effects on human health. Exposure to BPA during development has been implicated in memory deficits, but the mechanism of action underlying the effect is not fully understood. In ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang C,Li Z,Han H,Luo G,Zhou B,Wang S,Wang J

更新日期：2016-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to compare the roles of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists nifedipine, nitrendipine, amlodipine on doxorubicin (DXR)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical approaches. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five experimental g...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Liu LL,Li QX,Xia L,Li J,Shao L

更新日期：2007-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Different affinities of blood for CO were observed in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Hamsters showed the greatest relative affinity (1.0), the corresponding value for rats was 0.8, for pigs 0.74 and for rabbits 0.58. The upward shift of the saturation curves was dependent on the rate of respiratory exchange per uni...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Klimisch HJ,Chevalier HJ,Harke HP,Dontenwill W

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione S-transferases and glutathione play an important role in the detoxification of most toxic agents. In the present study, the protective effects of some antioxidants (L-ascorbic acid (AA), vitamin E (VE) or garlic) on carbon tetrachloride-induced changes in the activity of alanine amino transferase (ALT), as...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sheweita SA,Abd El-Gabar M,Bastawy M

更新日期：2001-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidative DNA damage is emerging as an biomarker of effect in studies assessing the health risks of occupational chemicals. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PERC) are used in the dry cleaning industry and their metabolism can produce reactive oxygen compounds. The present study examined the potential for...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Toraason M,Clark J,Dankovic D,Mathias P,Skaggs S,Walker C,Werren D

更新日期：1999-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Sodium fluoride (NaF) is widely used for the treatment of dental caries and dentin hypersensitivity. However, its pro-apoptotic effect on odontoblasts may lead to harmful side-effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pro-apoptotic effects of NaF in odontoblasts and elucidate the possible underlying molec...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Li P,Xue Y,Zhang W,Teng F,Sun Y,Qu T,Chen X,Cheng X,Song B,Luo W,Yu Q

更新日期：2013-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Beside heavy metals, cadmium (Cd(2+)) is a ubiquitous toxic metal with a well established apoptotic and genotoxic effect, chronic exposure of which has been involved in a variety of pathological conditions. In the present study, we investigated by 1455 genes cDNA microarrays the toxic and apoptotic effect of Cd(2+), o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Tsangaris GT,Botsonis A,Politis I,Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F

更新日期：2002-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:It is reported that gambogic acid (GA), the main active compound of gamboge which is a dry resin extracted from Garcinia hanburyi tree, has potent antitumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cancer cells is one effective therapy for cancer treatment. In the present st...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nie F,Zhang X,Qi Q,Yang L,Yang Y,Liu W,Lu N,Wu Z,You Q,Guo Q

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of studies reported that the MTS in vitro cytotoxicity assay is a convenient method for assessing cell viability. The main features found with this assay are its ease of use, accuracy and rapid indication of toxicity. It might well be a useful tool in human health risk assessment if it can be shown that this ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Malich G,Markovic B,Winder C

更新日期：1997-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of chromium (Cr) salts to increase metallothionein (MT) levels in rat liver, kidney and pancreas, and its relationship with the presence of toxic effects are reported here. Rats were injected subcutaneously with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg K2Cr2O7/kg and sacrificed 24 h later. Total Cr accumulation followe...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Solis-Heredia MJ,Quintanilla-Vega B,Sierra-Santoyo A,Hernández JM,Brambila E,Cebrián ME,Albores A

更新日期：2000-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were exposed to isopropanol by inhalation of 200,2000 and 8000 ppm for 2 weeks with a daily exposure of 6 h. A pilot group exposed to 8000 ppm was given a recovery period of 4 weeks. Kidney and liver microsomal metabolism of n-hexane was investigated in vitro concomitant with activities of cytochrome P-450 and GS...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zahlsen K,Aarstad K,Nilsen OG

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00