Abstract:
:Seafloor spreading is largely unobserved because 98 per cent of the global mid-ocean-ridge system is below the ocean surface. Our understanding of the dynamic processes that control seafloor spreading is thus inferred largely from geophysical observations of spreading events on land at Afar in East Africa and Iceland. However, these are slow-spreading centres influenced by mantle plumes. The roles of magma pressure and tectonic stress in the development of seafloor spreading are still unclear. Here we use seismic observations to show that the most recent eruption at the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise just North of the Equator initiated at a melt-rich segment about 5 kilometres long. The change in static stress then promoted almost-concurrent rupturing along at least 35 kilometres of the ridge axis, where tectonic stress had built up to a critical level, triggering magma movement. The location of impulsive seismic events indicative of lava reaching the seafloor suggests that lava subsequently erupted from multiple isolated magma lenses (reservoir chambers) with variable magma ascent rates, mostly within 48 hours. Therefore, even at magmatically robust fast-spreading ridges, a substantial portion of the spreading may be due to tectonic stress building up to a critical level rather than magma overpressure in the underlying magma lenses.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Tan YJ,Tolstoy M,Waldhauser F,Wilcock WSdoi
10.1038/nature20116subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-08 00:00:00pages
261-265issue
7632eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature20116journal_volume
540pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::The clinical benefit for patients with diverse types of metastatic cancers that has been observed upon blockade of the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 has highlighted the importance of this inhibitory axis in the suppression of tumour-specific T-cell responses. Notwithstanding the key role of PD-L1 expression by ce...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature23669
更新日期:2017-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::The erosion of mountain belts controls their topographic and structural evolution and is the main source of sediment delivered to the oceans. Mountain erosion rates have been estimated from current relief and precipitation, but a more complete evaluation of the controls on erosion rates requires detailed measurements ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02150
更新日期:2003-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Diapycnal mixing (across density surfaces) is an important process in the global ocean overturning circulation. Mixing in the interior of most of the ocean, however, is thought to have a magnitude just one-tenth of that required to close the global circulation by the downward mixing of less dense waters. Some of this ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12432
更新日期:2013-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium-dependent exocytosis of synaptic vesicles mediates the release of neurotransmitters. Important proteins in this process have been identified such as the SNAREs, synaptotagmins, complexins, Munc18 and Munc13. Structural and functional studies have yielded a wealth of information about the physiological role of ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature11320
更新日期:2012-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::Relapse to cocaine use after prolonged abstinence is an important clinical problem. This relapse is often induced by exposure to cues associated with cocaine use. To account for the persistent propensity for relapse, it has been suggested that cue-induced cocaine craving increases over the first several weeks of absti...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06995
更新日期:2008-07-03 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07152-z
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secretory antibodies of the IgA class (sIgA) are thought to have an important role in the defence against bacteria at mucosal surfaces--the level at which the infectious agents first come into contact with the host. However, the mechanism by which sIgA exert their antibacterial activity is still a matter of debate. Af...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/306184a0
更新日期:1983-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Millions of years before we began to manipulate the flow of light using synthetic structures, biological systems were using nanometre-scale architectures to produce striking optical effects. An astonishing variety of natural photonic structures exists: a species of Brittlestar uses photonic elements composed of calcit...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature01941
更新日期:2003-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::Eukaryotic ribosomes consist of a small 40S and a large 60S subunit that are assembled in a highly coordinated manner. More than 200 factors ensure correct modification, processing and folding of ribosomal RNA and the timely incorporation of ribosomal proteins1,2. Small subunit maturation ends in the cytosol, when the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2929-x
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recurrent patterns in the commonness and rarity of species in ecological communities--the relative species abundance--have puzzled ecologists for more than half a century. Here we show that the framework of the current neutral theory in ecology can easily be generalized to incorporate symmetric density dependence....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04030
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the cortex, brainstem and spinal cord. Its cause is unknown and it is uniformly fatal, typically within five years. About 10% of cases are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, with high penetrance after the sixth decade. In most in...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/362059a0
更新日期:1993-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Although cell migration is crucial for neural development, molecular mechanisms guiding neuronal migration have remained unclear. Here we report that the secreted protein Slit repels neuronal precursors migrating from the anterior subventricular zone in the telencephalon to the olfactory bulb. Our results provide a di...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/22477
更新日期:1999-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::Bilingual individuals need effective mechanisms to prevent interference from one language while processing material in the other. Here we show, using event-related brain potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), that words from the non-target language are rejected at an early stage before semantic a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/4151026a
更新日期:2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions between animal viruses and antiviral antisera may exceptionally result in an apparent increase in viral infectivity. Halstead and coworkers demonstrated enhanced replication of dengue virus (a Flavivirus, family Togaviridae) in human or simian peripheral blood leucocytes carrying Fc receptors at subneutra...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/282509a0
更新日期:1979-11-29 00:00:00
abstract::Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are more frequent in the genomes of bacteria and viruses than of vertebrates. We report here that bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides induce murine B cells to proliferate and secrete immunoglobulin in vitro and in vivo. This activat...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/374546a0
更新日期:1995-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::The genome of Aspergillus oryzae, a fungus important for the production of traditional fermented foods and beverages in Japan, has been sequenced. The ability to secrete large amounts of proteins and the development of a transformation system have facilitated the use of A. oryzae in modern biotechnology. Although both...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04300
更新日期:2005-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::The thymus has two important roles in controlling the specificity of T lymphocytes. First, T cells differentiating in the thymus are rendered tolerant of 'self' antigens, particularly antigens encoded by the major histocompatibility complex, the H-2 complex in mice. Second, the thymus imbues T cells with the property ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/319672a0
更新日期:1986-02-20 00:00:00
abstract::The T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is selected in the thymus after rearrangement of genes encoding TCR alpha and beta chains. Selection is based on the recognition by newly emergent T cells of self-ligands associated with molecules of the major histocompatibility complex: some combinations result in positive selecti...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/349531a0
更新日期:1991-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::A major factor in the progression to heart failure in humans is the inability of the adult heart to repair itself after injury. We recently demonstrated that the early postnatal mammalian heart is capable of regeneration following injury through proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes1,2 and that Meis1, a three am...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2228-6
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein chains coil into alpha-helices and beta-sheet structures. Knowing the timescales and mechanism of formation of these basic structural elements is essential for understanding how proteins fold. For the past 40 years, alpha-helix formation has been extensively investigated in synthetic and natural peptides, incl...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/36626
更新日期:1997-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::The role of magnetic domains (and the walls between domains) in determining the electrical properties of ferromagnetic materials has been investigated in great detail for many years, not least because control over domains offers a means of manipulating electron spin to control charge transport in 'spintronic' devices....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06826
更新日期:2008-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen enrichment is widely thought to be responsible for the loss of plant species from temperate terrestrial ecosystems. This view is based on field surveys and controlled experiments showing that species richness correlates negatively with high productivity and nitrogen enrichment. However, as the type of nutrien...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03950
更新日期:2005-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::The isolation of a mutant adenovirus carrying an insertion of cellular DNA has led to the identification of a new family of human repetitive sequences, which are found tandemly arranged in the genome. The sequence of the viral insert resembles that of eukaryotic transposable elements. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/302587a0
更新日期:1983-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Although the link between long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae has been established, hitherto there have been no observations of the beginning of a supernova explosion and its intimate link to a GRB. In particular, we do not know how the jet that defines a gamma-ray burst emerges from the star's surface, nor ho...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04892
更新日期:2006-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species are involved in many cellular metabolic and signalling processes and are thought to have a role in disease, particularly in carcinogenesis and ageing. We have generated mice with targeted inactivation of Prdx1, a member of the peroxiredoxin family of antioxidant enzymes. Here we show that mice ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01819
更新日期:2003-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::During embryonic development, orderly patterns of gene expression eventually assign each cell in the embryo its particular fate. For the anteroposterior axis of the Drosophila embryo, the first step in this process depends on a spatial gradient of the maternal morphogen Bicoid (Bcd). Positional information of this gra...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/415798a
更新日期:2002-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Oncogenic mutations in the serine/threonine kinase B-RAF (also known as BRAF) are found in 50-70% of malignant melanomas. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the B-RAF(V600E) mutation predicts a dependency on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascade in melanoma-an observation that has bee...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09627
更新日期:2010-12-16 00:00:00
abstract::Monocular lid suture during the sensitive period early in the life of a kitten disrupts normal development of inputs from the two eyes to the visual cortex, causing a decrease in the fraction of cortical cells responding to the deprived eye. Such an ocular dominance shift has been assumed to depend on patterned visual...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/324154a0
更新日期:1986-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::On the basis of fossil and archaeological data it has been hypothesized that the exodus of Homo sapiens out of Africa and into Eurasia between ~50-120 thousand years ago occurred in several orbitally paced migration episodes. Crossing vegetated pluvial corridors from northeastern Africa into the Arabian Peninsula and ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature19365
更新日期:2016-10-06 00:00:00
abstract::Data collected at approximately 60 Global Positioning System (GPS) sites in southeast Asia show the crustal deformation caused by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake at an unprecedented large scale. Small but significant co-seismic jumps are clearly detected more than 3,000 km from the earthquake epicentre...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03937
更新日期:2005-07-14 00:00:00