Abstract:
:Protein chains coil into alpha-helices and beta-sheet structures. Knowing the timescales and mechanism of formation of these basic structural elements is essential for understanding how proteins fold. For the past 40 years, alpha-helix formation has been extensively investigated in synthetic and natural peptides, including by nanosecond kinetic studies. In contrast, the mechanism of formation of beta structures has not been studied experimentally. The minimal beta-structure element is the beta-hairpin, which is also the basic component of antiparallel beta-sheets. Here we use a nanosecond laser temperature-jump apparatus to study the kinetics of folding a beta-hairpin consisting of 16 amino-acid residues. Folding of the hairpin occurs in 6 micros at room temperature, which is about 30 times slower than the rate of alpha-helix formation. We have developed a simple statistical mechanical model that provides a structural explanation for this result. Our analysis also shows that folding of a beta-hairpin captures much of the basic physics of protein folding, including stabilization by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, two-state behaviour, and a funnel-like, partially rugged energy landscape.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Muñoz V,Thompson PA,Hofrichter J,Eaton WAdoi
10.1038/36626subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-11-13 00:00:00pages
196-9issue
6656eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
390pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/d41586-019-00752-3
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The precursor frequency of T cells specific for any given foreign antigen is, in general, extremely low. Prominent exceptions to this rule are the T cells that are specific for foreign major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products or for products of the minor lymphocyte stimulatory (Mls) genes in the mouse which are...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/335827a0
更新日期:1988-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::A grand challenge of systems biology is to predict the kinetic responses of living systems to perturbations starting from the underlying molecular interactions. Changes in the nutrient environment have long been used to study regulation and adaptation phenomena in microorganisms and they remain a topic of active inves...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature24299
更新日期:2017-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::The capacity of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membrane of eukaryotic cells in translocate nascent presecretory proteins from the cytosol to the intracisternal space is preserved on cell fractionation and can be assayed in vitro. Two attempts to characterize this translocation activity have been reported. Warre...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/286174a0
更新日期:1980-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine (ACh) released on vagal stimulation reduces the heart rate by increasing K+ conductance of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial (S-A) node. Fluctuation analysis of ACh-activated currents in pacemaker tissue showed this to be due to opening of a separate class of K+ channels gated by muscarinic ACh receptors...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/303250a0
更新日期:1983-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of endothermy, which is achieved through the continuous homeostatic regulation of body temperature and metabolism1,2, is a defining feature of mammalian and avian evolution. However, when challenged by food deprivation or harsh environmental conditions, many mammalian species initiate adaptive energy-conser...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2387-5
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary adaptation can be rapid and potentially help species counter stressful conditions or realize ecological opportunities arising from climate change. The challenges are to understand when evolution will occur and to identify potential evolutionary winners as well as losers, such as species lacking adaptive c...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature09670
更新日期:2011-02-24 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular cloning and DNA sequencing have yielded considerable structural information about proenkephalin. All previously characterized intermediate peptides of the enkephalin pathways in bovine adrenal medulla have now been aligned into an unambiguous primary structure. Two basic amino acid residues serve as processi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/295206a0
更新日期:1982-01-21 00:00:00
abstract::During serial structure analysis of cobaloxime derivatives, aimed at interpreting the catalytic capability of the asymmetric hydrogenation, we have found that the crystal of R-alpha-cyanoethyl (S-alpha-methylbenzylamine)-cobaloxime changes its unit cell dimensions by X-ray exposure without degradation of a single crys...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/267142a0
更新日期:1977-05-12 00:00:00
abstract::The mutation brachypodism (bp) alters the length and number of bones in the limbs of mice but spares the axial skeleton. It illustrates the importance of specific genes in controlling the morphogenesis of individual skeletal elements in the tetrapod limb. We now report the isolation of three new members of the transfo...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/368639a0
更新日期:1994-04-14 00:00:00
abstract::Mutants of cdc2+ can disrupt the dependency of S phase on completion of the previous mitosis. By changing the state of p34cdc2 it is possible to reprogramme a cell from entering mitosis to undergoing S phase. This leads to the proposal that the cell cycle can be considered a p34cdc2 cycle, and has implications for the...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/349388a0
更新日期:1991-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance to infection and clearance of cell debris in mammals depend on the activation of the complement system, which is an important component of innate and adaptive immunity. Central to the complement system is the activated form of C3, called C3b, which attaches covalently to target surfaces to amplify complemen...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature05172
更新日期:2006-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::Transfer RNA nucleotidyltransferases (CCA-adding enzymes) are responsible for the maturation or repair of the functional 3' end of tRNAs by means of the addition of the essential nucleotides CCA. However, it is unclear how tRNA nucleotidyltransferases polymerize CCA onto the 3' terminus of immature tRNAs without using...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature02711
更新日期:2004-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are more frequent in the genomes of bacteria and viruses than of vertebrates. We report here that bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides induce murine B cells to proliferate and secrete immunoglobulin in vitro and in vivo. This activat...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/374546a0
更新日期:1995-04-06 00:00:00
abstract::The classical view of fast chemical synaptic transmission is that released neurotransmitter acts locally on postsynaptic receptors and is cleared from the synaptic cleft within a few milliseconds by diffusion and by specific reuptake mechanisms. This rapid clearance restricts the spread of neurotransmitter and, combin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/385630a0
更新日期:1997-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::The microtubule cytoskeleton is essential to cell morphogenesis. Growing microtubule plus ends have emerged as dynamic regulatory sites in which specialized proteins, called plus-end-binding proteins (+TIPs), bind and regulate the proper functioning of microtubules. However, the molecular mechanism of plus-end associa...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06386
更新日期:2007-12-13 00:00:00
abstract::An unusual feature of the cerebellar cortex is that its output neurons, Purkinje cells, release GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). Their high intrinsic firing rates (50 Hz) and extensive convergence predict that their target neurons in the cerebellar nuclei would be largely inhibited unless Purkinje cells pause their spiking...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10732
更新日期:2011-12-25 00:00:00
abstract::The extensive literature on the origin of the ratites focuses mainly on three questions: are the ratites mono- or polyphyletic, did they evolve from flying ancestors, and are they primitive or advanced? Opinion tends to accept a common descent from flying ancestors for the large ratites (for a summary of ideas see ref...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/287084a0
更新日期:1980-09-04 00:00:00
abstract::The assessment of changes in tropical cyclone activity within the context of anthropogenically influenced climate change has been limited by the short temporal resolution of the instrumental tropical cyclone record (less than 50 years). Furthermore, controversy exists regarding the robustness of the observational reco...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12882
更新日期:2014-01-30 00:00:00
abstract::Cells operate in dynamic environments using extraordinary communication capabilities that emerge from the interactions of genetic circuitry. The mammalian immune response is a striking example of the coordination of different cell types. Cell-to-cell communication is primarily mediated by signalling molecules that for...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09145
更新日期:2010-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::Comprehensive identification of polymorphisms among individuals within a species is essential both for studying the genetic basis of phenotypic differences and for elucidating the evolutionary history of the species. Large-scale polymorphism surveys have recently been reported for human, mouse and Arabidopsis thaliana...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07670
更新日期:2009-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::Class-V myosin proceeds along actin filaments with large ( approximately 36 nm) steps. Myosin-V has two heads, each of which consists of a motor domain and a long (23 nm) neck domain. In accordance with the widely accepted lever-arm model, it was suggested that myosin-V steps to successive (36 nm) target zones along t...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/415192a
更新日期:2002-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanical environment crucially influences many cell functions. However, it remains largely mysterious how mechanical stimuli are transmitted into biochemical signals. Src is known to regulate the integrin-cytoskeleton interaction, which is essential for the transduction of mechanical stimuli. Using fluorescent r...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03469
更新日期:2005-04-21 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosome conformation capture methods have identified subchromosomal structures of higher-order chromatin interactions called topologically associated domains (TADs) that are separated from each other by boundary regions. By subdividing the genome into discrete regulatory units, TADs restrict the contacts that enhan...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature19800
更新日期:2016-10-13 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction of DNA fragments, hundreds of kilobases in size, into mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells would greatly advance the ability to manipulate the mouse genome. Mice generated from such modified cells would permit investigation of the function and expression of very large or crudely mapped genes. Large DNA molecul...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/362255a0
更新日期:1993-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Oligomerization of membrane proteins in response to lipid binding has a critical role in many cell-signalling pathways but is often difficult to define or predict. Here we report the development of a mass spectrometry platform to determine simultaneously the presence of interfacial lipids and oligomeric stability and ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature20820
更新日期:2017-01-19 00:00:00
abstract::Ligand-gated ion channels, a major class of cell-surface proteins, have a pseudosymmetric structure with five highly homologous subunits arranged around a central ion pore. The correct assembly of each channel, whose subunit composition varies with cell type and stage of development, requires specific recognition betw...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/352064a0
更新日期:1991-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of the peptide hormone ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor, yielded the surprising result that the principal site of ghrelin synthesis is the stomach and not the hypothalamus. Although ghrelin is likely to regulate pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion along...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35038090
更新日期:2000-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::In Extended Data Fig. 5d of this Letter, the blots for anti-pS612 and anti-BAK1 were inadvertently duplicated. This figure has been corrected online. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0663-4
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although cell adhesion to substrate must ultimately depend on 'sticking' by physical forces at the outer surface, we suggest that control is exercised through the 'grip' of the cytoskeleton. Our experiments indicate that grip can be relaxed by agents which release surface glycoproteins from some form of side-to-side o...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/267124a0
更新日期:1977-05-12 00:00:00