Climate change and evolutionary adaptation.

abstract：:Transport vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus are thought to mediate biosynthetic transport across the Golgi stack. These vesicles are surrounded by a protein coat whose principal constituents are coatomer (a complex of seven distinct subunits or COPs) and ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF, an N-myristylated small GT...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Orcl L,Palmer DJ,Amherdt M,Rothman JE

更新日期：1993-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The T-cell specific, rearranging gamma-chain genes bear striking resemblance to T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes, but the role of gamma remains unknown. A central problem is to understand the conditions under which gamma RNA is expressed in cells. The transcription of gamma is abundant in T cells of fetal thym...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jones B,Mjolsness S,Janeway C Jr,Hayday AC

更新日期：1986-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We are facing a global metabolic health crisis provoked by an obesity epidemic. Here we report the human gut microbial composition in a population sample of 123 non-obese and 169 obese Danish individuals. We find two groups of individuals that differ by the number of gut microbial genes and thus gut bacterial richness...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Le Chatelier E,Nielsen T,Qin J,Prifti E,Hildebrand F,Falony G,Almeida M,Arumugam M,Batto JM,Kennedy S,Leonard P,Li J,Burgdorf K,Grarup N,Jørgensen T,Brandslund I,Nielsen HB,Juncker AS,Bertalan M,Levenez F,Pons N,

更新日期：2013-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The Late Devonian genus Ichthyostega was for many decades the earliest known tetrapod, and the sole representative of a transitional form between a fish and a land vertebrate. However, despite being known since 1932 (ref. 1) from a large collection of specimens, its morphology remained enigmatic and not what was expec...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clack JA,Ahlberg PE,Finney SM,Dominguez Alonso P,Robinson J,Ketcham RA

更新日期：2003-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:During early mammalian development, as the pluripotent cells that give rise to all of the tissues of the body proliferate and expand in number, they pass through transition states marked by a stepwise restriction in developmental potential and by changes in the expression of key regulatory genes. Recent findings show ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pera MF,Tam PP

更新日期：2010-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Increasing population and consumption are placing unprecedented demands on agriculture and natural resources. Today, approximately a billion people are chronically malnourished while our agricultural systems are concurrently degrading land, water, biodiversity and climate on a global scale. To meet the world's future ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Foley JA,Ramankutty N,Brauman KA,Cassidy ES,Gerber JS,Johnston M,Mueller ND,O'Connell C,Ray DK,West PC,Balzer C,Bennett EM,Carpenter SR,Hill J,Monfreda C,Polasky S,Rockström J,Sheehan J,Siebert S,Tilman D,Zaks DP

更新日期：2011-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Substitutions of single glycine residues of alpha 1(I) collagen have previously been associated with the inherited disease osteogenesis imperfecta type II. Transgenic mice bearing a mutant alpha 1(I) collagen gene into which specific glycine substitutions have been engineered show a dominant lethal phenotype character...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stacey A,Bateman J,Choi T,Mascara T,Cole W,Jaenisch R

更新日期：1988-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of findings over the past decade has begun to identify the brain circuitry and neurotransmitters that regulate our daily cycles of sleep and wakefulness. The latter depends on a network of cell groups that activate the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. A key switch in the hypothalamus shuts off this arousal s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Saper CB,Scammell TE,Lu J

更新日期：2005-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The orexin (also known as hypocretin) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to orexin neuropeptides in the central nervous system to regulate sleep and other behavioural functions in humans. Defects in orexin signalling are responsible for the human diseases of narcolepsy and cataplexy; inhibition of orexin rece...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yin J,Mobarec JC,Kolb P,Rosenbaum DM

更新日期：2015-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Melanocytes are phenotypically prominent but histologically inconspicuous skin cells. They are responsible for the pigmentation of skin and hair, and thereby contribute to the appearance of skin and provide protection from damage by ultraviolet radiation. Pigmentation mutants in various species are highly informative ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lin JY,Fisher DE

更新日期：2007-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Caste differentiation and division of labour are the hallmarks of insect societies and at the root of their ecological success. Kin selection predicts that caste determination should result from environmentally induced differences in gene expression, a prediction largely supported by empirical data. However, two excep...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Helms Cahan S,Keller L

更新日期：2003-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas short-term memory lasts from minutes to hours, long-term memory (LTM) can last for days or even an entire lifetime. LTM generally forms after spaced repeated training sessions and involves the regulation of gene expression, thereby implicating transcription factors in the initial steps of LTM establishment. Ho...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Comas D,Petit F,Preat T

更新日期：2004-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The 18-base-pair sequence element AGGTCGACCAGTACTCCG (the Sal box) signals termination of mouse ribosomal gene transcription. This sequence is recognized by a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, TTF I, which mediates the termination of transcription by RNA polymerase I (pol I). Subsequently, the ends of the primary...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kuhn A,Bartsch I,Grummt I

更新日期：1990-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Yeasts, which have been a component of the human diet for at least 7,000 years, possess an elaborate cell wall α-mannan. The influence of yeast mannan on the ecology of the human microbiota is unknown. Here we show that yeast α-mannan is a viable food source for the Gram-negative bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cuskin F,Lowe EC,Temple MJ,Zhu Y,Cameron E,Pudlo NA,Porter NT,Urs K,Thompson AJ,Cartmell A,Rogowski A,Hamilton BS,Chen R,Tolbert TJ,Piens K,Bracke D,Vervecken W,Hakki Z,Speciale G,Munōz-Munōz JL,Day A,Peña MJ,

更新日期：2015-01-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Caenorhabditis elegans senses environmental signals through ciliated sensory neurons located primarily in sensory organs in the head and tail. Cilia function as sensory receptors, and mutants with defective sensory cilia have impaired sensory perception. Cilia are membrane-bound microtubule-based structures and in C. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Apfeld J,Kenyon C

更新日期：1999-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the organic component of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic technologies, particular with respect to wooden tools. Here I describe some wooden throwing spears about 400,000 years old that were discovered in 1995 at the Pleistocene site at Schöningen, Germany. They are thought to be the oldest complete...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Thieme H

更新日期：1997-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The signal recognition particle (SRP) consists of one RNA and six protein subunits. The N-terminal domain of the 54K subunit contains a putative GTP-binding site, whereas the C-terminal domain binds signal sequences and SRP RNA. Binding of SRP to the signal sequence as it emerges from the ribosome creates a cytosolic ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miller JD,Wilhelm H,Gierasch L,Gilmore R,Walter P

更新日期：1993-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:T cells become dysfunctional when they encounter self antigens or are exposed to chronic infection or to the tumour microenvironment1. The function of T cells is tightly regulated by a combinational co-stimulatory signal, and dominance of negative co-stimulation results in T cell dysfunction2. However, the molecular m...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liu X,Wang Y,Lu H,Li J,Yan X,Xiao M,Hao J,Alekseev A,Khong H,Chen T,Huang R,Wu J,Zhao Q,Wu Q,Xu S,Wang X,Jin W,Yu S,Wang Y,Wei L,Wang A,Zhong B,Ni L,Liu X,Nurieva R,Ye L,Tian Q,Bian XW,Dong C

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) is the first transcription event in life1. However, it is unclear how RNA polymerase is engaged in initiating ZGA in mammals. Here, by developing small-scale Tn5-assisted chromatin cleavage with sequencing (Stacc-seq), we investigated the landscapes of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) binding...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liu B,Xu Q,Wang Q,Feng S,Lai F,Wang P,Zheng F,Xiang Y,Wu J,Nie J,Qiu C,Xia W,Li L,Yu G,Lin Z,Xu K,Xiong Z,Kong F,Liu L,Huang C,Yu Y,Na J,Xie W

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantum computation, a paradigm of computing that is completely different from classical methods, benefits from theoretically proved speed-ups for certain problems and can be used to study the properties of quantum systems1. Yet, because of the inherently fragile nature of the physical computing elements (qubits), ach...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kandala A,Temme K,Córcoles AD,Mezzacapo A,Chow JM,Gambetta JM

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The observed number counts of high-redshift galaxy candidates have been used to build up a statistical description of star-forming activity at redshift z ≳ 7, when galaxies reionized the Universe. Standard models predict that a high incidence of gravitational lensing will probably distort measurements of flux and numb...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wyithe JS,Yan H,Windhorst RA,Mao S

更新日期：2011-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Large-scale chromosome structure and spatial nuclear arrangement have been linked to control of gene expression and DNA replication and repair. Genomic techniques based on chromosome conformation capture (3C) assess contacts for millions of loci simultaneously, but do so by averaging chromosome conformations from mill...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nagano T,Lubling Y,Stevens TJ,Schoenfelder S,Yaffe E,Dean W,Laue ED,Tanay A,Fraser P

更新日期：2013-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The making and breaking of atomic bonds are essential processes in chemical reactions. Although the ultrafast dynamics of bond breaking have been studied intensively using time-resolved techniques, it is very difficult to study the structural dynamics of bond making, mainly because of its bimolecular nature. It is esp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kim KH,Kim JG,Nozawa S,Sato T,Oang KY,Kim TW,Ki H,Jo J,Park S,Song C,Sato T,Ogawa K,Togashi T,Tono K,Yabashi M,Ishikawa T,Kim J,Ryoo R,Kim J,Ihee H,Adachi S

更新日期：2015-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand the molecular basis of microtubule-associated motility during mitosis, the mechanochemical factors that generate the relevant motile force must be identified. Myosin, the ATPase that interacts with actin to produce the force for muscle contraction and other forms of cell motility, is believed to be invol...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Scholey JM,Porter ME,Grissom PM,McIntosh JR

更新日期：1985-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane-bound receptors often form large assemblies resulting from binding to soluble ligands, cell-surface molecules on other cells and extracellular matrix proteins. For example, the association of membrane proteins with proteins on different cells (trans-interactions) can drive the oligomerization of proteins on t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wu Y,Vendome J,Shapiro L,Ben-Shaul A,Honig B

更新日期：2011-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin and growth of magnetic fields in galaxies is still something of an enigma. It is generally assumed that seed fields are amplified over time through the dynamo effect, but there are few constraints on the timescale. It was recently demonstrated that field strengths as traced by rotation measures of distant (...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bernet ML,Miniati F,Lilly SJ,Kronberg PP,Dessauges-Zavadsky M

更新日期：2008-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:G-protein-coupled receptors comprise the largest family of mammalian transmembrane receptors. They mediate numerous cellular pathways by coupling with downstream signalling transducers, including the hetrotrimeric G proteins Gs (stimulatory) and Gi (inhibitory) and several arrestin proteins. The structural mechanisms ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kang Y,Kuybeda O,de Waal PW,Mukherjee S,Van Eps N,Dutka P,Zhou XE,Bartesaghi A,Erramilli S,Morizumi T,Gu X,Yin Y,Liu P,Jiang Y,Meng X,Zhao G,Melcher K,Ernst OP,Kossiakoff AA,Subramaniam S,Xu HE

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The existence of so great a diversity of species on Earth remains a mystery, the solution to which may also explain why and how biodiversity influences the functioning of ecosystems. The answer may lie in quantifying the trade-offs that organisms face in dealing with the constraints of their environment. Societal resp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tilman D

更新日期：2000-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal behaviour arises from computations in neuronal circuits, but our understanding of these computations has been frustrated by the lack of detailed synaptic connection maps, or connectomes. For example, despite intensive investigations over half a century, the neuronal implementation of local motion detection in t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Takemura SY,Bharioke A,Lu Z,Nern A,Vitaladevuni S,Rivlin PK,Katz WT,Olbris DJ,Plaza SM,Winston P,Zhao T,Horne JA,Fetter RD,Takemura S,Blazek K,Chang LA,Ogundeyi O,Saunders MA,Shapiro V,Sigmund C,Rubin GM,Scheffe

更新日期：2013-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Complexity in male sexual displays is widely appreciated but diversity in female mate choice has received little attention. Males of many species have sexual displays composed of multiple display traits, and females are thought to use these different traits in mate choice. Models of multiple display trait evolution su...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Coleman SW,Patricelli GL,Borgia G

更新日期：2004-04-15 00:00:00