Extrinsic regulation of pluripotent stem cells.

abstract：:High biodiversity has been shown to enhance ecological stability on small spatial scales and over intervals of weeks to decades. It remains unclear, however, whether this diversity-stability relationship can be scaled up to regional scales, or to longer timescales. Without empirical validation at larger scales, the im...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kiessling W

更新日期：2005-01-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The main function of postural nervous mechanisms in different species, from mollusc to man, is to counteract the force of gravity and stabilize body orientation in space. Here we investigate the basic principles of postural control in a simple animal model, the marine mollusc Clione limacina. When swimming, C. limacin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Deliagina TG,Arshavsky YI,Orlovsky GN

更新日期：1998-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:A putative growth hormone receptor from rabbit liver and the growth hormone binding protein from rabbit serum have the same amino-terminal amino-acid sequence, indicating that the binding protein corresponds to the extracellular hormone-binding domain of the liver receptor. The complete amino-acid sequences derived fr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Leung DW,Spencer SA,Cachianes G,Hammonds RG,Collins C,Henzel WJ,Barnard R,Waters MJ,Wood WI

更新日期：1987-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The amino-terminal region of the common corticotropin/beta-lipotrophin (beta-LPH) precursor has been identified in the AtT-20 mouse tumor cells as a glycopeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 16,000 (the '16K fragment'). A third melanotropin core sequence or gamma-MSH similar to that found in ACTH and beta-LPH ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Al-Dujaili EA,Hope J,Estivariz FE,Lowry PJ,Edwards CR

更新日期：1981-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Muscle force is generated by myosin crossbridges interacting with actin. As estimated from stiffness and equatorial X-ray diffraction of muscle and muscle fibres, most myosin crossbridges are attached to actin during isometric contraction, but a much smaller fraction is bound stereospecifically. To determine the fract...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bershitsky SY,Tsaturyan AK,Bershitskaya ON,Mashanov GI,Brown P,Burns R,Ferenczi MA

更新日期：1997-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Arachidonic acid is released by phospholipase A2 when activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by neurotransmitter glutamate raises the calcium concentration in neurons, for example during the initiation of long-term potentiation and during brain anoxia. Here we investigate the effect of arachidonic acid on...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miller B,Sarantis M,Traynelis SF,Attwell D

更新日期：1992-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell competition-the sensing and elimination of less fit 'loser' cells by neighbouring 'winner' cells-was first described in Drosophila. Although cell competition has been proposed as a selection mechanism to optimize tissue and organ development, its evolutionary generality remains unclear. Here, by using live imagin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ellis SJ,Gomez NC,Levorse J,Mertz AF,Ge Y,Fuchs E

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The theory of reinforcement learning provides a normative account, deeply rooted in psychological and neuroscientific perspectives on animal behaviour, of how agents may optimize their control of an environment. To use reinforcement learning successfully in situations approaching real-world complexity, however, agents...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mnih V,Kavukcuoglu K,Silver D,Rusu AA,Veness J,Bellemare MG,Graves A,Riedmiller M,Fidjeland AK,Ostrovski G,Petersen S,Beattie C,Sadik A,Antonoglou I,King H,Kumaran D,Wierstra D,Legg S,Hassabis D

更新日期：2015-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroectoderm cells in the cortical ventricular zone generate many diverse cell types, maintain the ventricular zone during embryonic life and create another germinal layer, the subventricular zone, which persists into adulthood. In other vertebrate tissues, including skin, intestine, blood and neural crest, stem cell...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Davis AA,Temple S

更新日期：1994-11-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomes from all of the crucial bacterial pathogens of humans, plants and animals have now been sequenced, as have genomes from many of the important commensal, symbiotic and environmental microorganisms. Analysis of these sequences has revealed the forces that shape pathogen evolution and has brought to light unexpec...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pallen MJ,Wren BW

更新日期：2007-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Different classes of retroviruses have been shown to induce immunodeficiency diseases in various animal species. These animal models may provide an insight into our understanding of AIDS but, with the exception of one strain of feline leukaemia virus, the determinants of pathogenicity have not yet been mapped to these...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Aziz DC,Hanna Z,Jolicoeur P

更新日期：1989-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycorrhizae, the symbiotic associations of plant roots and fungal hyphae, are classic examples of mutualisms. In these ecologically important associations, the fungi derive photosynthetic sugars from their plant hosts, which in turn benefit from fungus-mediated uptake of mineral nutrients. Early views on the evolution...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hibbett DS,Gilbert LB,Donoghue MJ

更新日期：2000-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages and dendritic cells have key roles in viral infections, providing virus reservoirs that frequently resist antiviral therapies and linking innate virus detection to antiviral adaptive immune responses. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) fails to transduce dendritic cells and has a reduced ability to tra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hrecka K,Hao C,Gierszewska M,Swanson SK,Kesik-Brodacka M,Srivastava S,Florens L,Washburn MP,Skowronski J

更新日期：2011-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Del Bello L

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human-mediated translocation of species to areas beyond their natural distribution (which results in 'alien' populations1) is a key signature of the Anthropocene2, and is a primary global driver of biodiversity loss and environmental change3. Stemming the tide of invasions requires understanding why some species fail ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Redding DW,Pigot AL,Dyer EE,Şekercioğlu ÇH,Kark S,Blackburn TM

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The quantum-level interplay between geometry, topology and correlation is at the forefront of fundamental physics1-15. Kagome magnets are predicted to support intrinsic Chern quantum phases owing to their unusual lattice geometry and breaking of time-reversal symmetry14,15. However, quantum materials hosting ideal spi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yin JX,Ma W,Cochran TA,Xu X,Zhang SS,Tien HJ,Shumiya N,Cheng G,Jiang K,Lian B,Song Z,Chang G,Belopolski I,Multer D,Litskevich M,Cheng ZJ,Yang XP,Swidler B,Zhou H,Lin H,Neupert T,Wang Z,Yao N,Chang TR,Jia S

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The combination of complementary DNA expression and single-channel current analysis provides a powerful tool for studying the structure-function relationship of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) (refs 1-5). We have previously shown that AChR channels consisting of subunits from different species, expressed i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Imoto K,Methfessel C,Sakmann B,Mishina M,Mori Y,Konno T,Fukuda K,Kurasaki M,Bujo H,Fujita Y

更新日期：1986-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic island and seamount chain is usually attributed to a hot mantle plume, located beneath the Pacific lithosphere, that delivers material sourced from deep in the mantle to the surface. The shield volcanoes of the Hawaiian islands are distributed in two curvilinear, parallel trends (termed '...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ren ZY,Ingle S,Takahashi E,Hirano N,Hirata T

更新日期：2005-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Chameleons are arboral lizards that spot their prey visually and catch it by highly precise shots with their long sticky tongue. They scan their environment by large-amplitude independent saccadic eye movements; once an insect is detected, the head axis is aligned towards the target ('head tracking', both eyes come fo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ott M,Schaeffel F

更新日期：1995-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammary gland is composed of multiple types of epithelial cells, which are generated by mammary stem cells (MaSCs) residing at the top of the hierarchy. However, the existence of these multipotent MaSCs remains controversial and the nature of such cells is unknown. Here we demonstrate that protein C receptor (Proc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wang D,Cai C,Dong X,Yu QC,Zhang XO,Yang L,Zeng YA

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolutionary biologist "studies the steps by which the miraculous adaptations so characteristic of every aspect of the organic world have evolved". But the general nature of such adaptive steps is still unclear. Evolution is often thought to be random and dependent on unpredictable events. In this light, one might...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gerrish P

更新日期：2001-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell surface molecules have been implicated in cell interactions which underlie formation of the nervous system. The analysis of the functional properties of such molecules has profited from the combined use of antibodies and cell culture systems. It has been suggested that the interplay between these molecules modula...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kruse J,Mailhammer R,Wernecke H,Faissner A,Sommer I,Goridis C,Schachner M

更新日期：1984-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cai W,Ng B,Geng T,Wu L,Santoso A,McPhaden MJ

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria living within eukaryotic cells can be essential for the survival or reproduction of the host but in other cases are among the most successful pathogens. Environmental Chlamydiae, including strain UWE25, thrive as obligate intracellular symbionts within protozoa; are recently discovered relatives of major bact...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Haferkamp I,Schmitz-Esser S,Linka N,Urbany C,Collingro A,Wagner M,Horn M,Neuhaus HE

更新日期：2004-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:In Drosophila and mice, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing the same receptors have convergent axonal projections to specific glomerular targets in the antennal lobe/olfactory bulb, creating an odour map in this first olfactory structure of the central nervous system. Projection neurons of the Drosophila ante...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jefferis GS,Marin EC,Stocker RF,Luo L

更新日期：2001-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA methylation is highly dynamic during mammalian embryogenesis. It is broadly accepted that the paternal genome is actively depleted of 5-methylcytosine at fertilization, followed by passive loss that reaches a minimum at the blastocyst stage. However, this model is based on limited data, and so far no base-resoluti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Smith ZD,Chan MM,Mikkelsen TS,Gu H,Gnirke A,Regev A,Meissner A

更新日期：2012-03-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Five new double-mutant haemoglobins composed of betaS chains and alpha chains with different substitutions, which are located at the surface of the tetramer, have been prepared. Although all the hybrids are more soluble than deoxyhaemoglobin S, the individual differences between these molecules make it possible to eva...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Benesch RE,Yung S,Benesch R,Mack J,Schneider RG

更新日期：1976-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxygen, one of the most abundant elements on Earth, often forms an undesired interstitial impurity or ceramic phase (such as an oxide particle) in metallic materials. Even when it adds strength, oxygen doping renders metals brittle1-3. Here we show that oxygen can take the form of ordered oxygen complexes, a state in ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lei Z,Liu X,Wu Y,Wang H,Jiang S,Wang S,Hui X,Wu Y,Gault B,Kontis P,Raabe D,Gu L,Zhang Q,Chen H,Wang H,Liu J,An K,Zeng Q,Nieh TG,Lu Z

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00